pulmoПульмонологияPULMONOLOGIYA0869-01892541-9617Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC10.18093/0869-0189-2021-31-6-792-798pulmo-3300Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWСекреторный иммуноглобулин А респираторной системы и COVID-19Secretory immunoglobulin A of the respiratory system and COVID-19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-0959КрюковаН. О.KryukovaNadezhda O.

Крюкова Надежда Олеговна - ассистент, аспирант кафедры госпитальной терапии педиатрического факультета.

117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1; тел.: (926) 045-21-06

Assistant, Post-Graduate Student, Department of Hospital Therapy, Pediatrics Faculty.

Ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997; tel.: (926) 045-21-06

kryukovanadia@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8873-3545РакуноваЕ. Б.RakunovaEkaterina B.

Ракунова Екатерина Борисовна — кандидат медицинских наук, врач-оториноларинголог, ассистент кафедры болезней уха, горла и носа.

119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; тел.: (910) 403-16-26

Candidate of Medicine, Otorhinolaryngologist, Assistant, Department of Ear, Throat and Nose Diseases.

Ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991; tel.: (910) 403-16-26

rakunova.eb@1msmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1382-9403КостиновМ. П.KostinovM. P.

Костинов Михаил Петрович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры эпидемиологии и современных технологий вакцинации.

105064, Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А; 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; тел.: (963) 782-35-23

Doctor of Medicine, Professor; Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov, Head of the Laboratory for Vaccine Prevention and Immunotherapy of Allergic DiseasesI.Mechnikov R IV.

Maly Kazenny per. 5A, Moscow, 105064; Ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991; tel.: (963) 782-35-23

monolit.96@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2469-7346БарановаИ. А.BaranovaIrina A.

Баранова Ирина Александровна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии педиатрического факультета.

117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1; тел.: (499) 780-08-16

Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Department of Hospital Therapy, Pediatrics Faculty.

Ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997, tel.: (499) 780-08-16

monolit.96@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1757-8389СвитичО. А.SvitichOxana A.

Свитич Оксана Анатольевна - доктор медицинских наук, член-корр. Российской академии наук, директор НИИВС имени И.И. Мечникова; профессор кафедры иммунологии медико-биологического факультета РНИМУ имени Н.И. Пирогова.

117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1; 105064, Москва, Малый Казенный пер., 5А; тел.: (495) 917-49-00

Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, I.Mechnikov RIVS; Professor, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Biology, Pirogov RNRMU (Pirogov Medical University).

Ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997; Maly Kazenny per. 5A, Moscow, 105064; тел.: (495) 917-49-00

monolit.96@mail.ruФедеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University), Healthcare Ministry of RussiaRussian FederationФедеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияFederal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University)Russian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток имени И.И. Мечникова; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М.Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияFederal State Budgetary Scientific Institution I.Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University)Russian FederationФедеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток имени И.И. МечниковаРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University), Healthcare Ministry of Russia; Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution I.Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and SeraRussian Federation202116122021316792798Copyright © Крюкова Н.О., Ракунова Е.Б., Костинов М.П., Баранова И.А., Свитич О.А., 20212021Крюкова Н.О., Ракунова Е.Б., Костинов М.П., Баранова И.А., Свитич О.А.Kryukova N.O., Rakunova E.B., Kostinov M.P., Baranova I.A., Svitich O.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/3300

Основное внимание при COVID-19 уделяется оценке общего иммунного ответа, роль мукозального иммунитета (МИ) при этом заболевании изучена недостаточно.

Целью работы явился анализ опубликованных данных о секреторном IgA как о значимом показателе МИ-ответа дыхательных путей (ДП) в условиях пандемии COVID-19.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Поисковый анализ опубликованной литературы проводился с помощью англоязычной базы данных медицинских и биологических публикаций PubMed. Глубина поиска составила 2 года (2020, 2021).

Результаты

Результаты. В обзор включены 54 литературных источника. Получены данные о том, что секреторный иммуноглобулин (Ig) A (sIgA) является основным изотипом антител МИ. Он вырабатывается в количествах, значительно превышающих таковые всех других изотипов иммуноглобулинов вместе взятых. Антитела sIgA эффективны против различных видов патогенов, включая вирус SARS-CoV-2, благодаря таким механизмам, как нейтрализация, подавление адгезии к поверхности слизистой и инвазии в эпителиальные клетки, агглютинации и облегчению удаления патогенных микроорганизмов в слизистом секрете. Вирусспецифические антитела IgA в сыворотке крови выявляются у пациентов с СOVID-19 в наиболее ранние сроки (уже через 2 дня после появления первых симптомов) по сравнению с антителами классов IgM или IgG (через 5 дней). Рассматривается возможность интра-назальной иммунизации как эффективного средства образования преимущественно sIgA в верхних и нижних отделах ДП.

Заключение

Заключение. Имеющиеся на сегодняшний день сведения о местном иммунном ответе слизистых оболочек ДП имеют важное значение для понимания патофизиологических механизмов развития заболевания, диагностики, а также разработки новых методов лечения и профилактики COVID-19.

The main focus in the course of COVID-19 goes on assessing the overall immune response. The role of mucosal immunity in this disease has not been studied sufficiently.

The study aimed to analyze published data about secretory IgA as a significant indicator of the mucosal immune response of the respiratory tract in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Methods. Articles were identified via PubMed bibliographic database. The time-span of research was two years (2020, 2021).

Results

Results. The search identified 54 articles. There is evidence that secretory IgA (sIgA) is the main antibody isotype of the mucosal immunity. It is produced in quantities significantly higher than those of all other isotypes of immunoglobulins combined. sIgA antibodies are effective against various pathogens, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus, due to mechanisms such as neutralization, suppression of adhesion to the mucosal surface and invasion of epithelial cells, agglutination and facilitating the removal of pathogenic microorganisms with the mucosal secretions. Virus-specific IgA antibodies in the blood serum are detected in patients with COVID-19 as early as two days after the first symptoms, while IgM or IgG class antibodies appear only after 5 days. We accessed the efficacy of intranasal immunization as to induction of predominant production of sIgA in the upper and lower respiratory tract.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The current information on the local immune response of the respiratory mucosa is important for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, diagnosis, and development of new methods of treatment and prevention of COVID-19.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.