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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2021-31-6-799-807</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-3299</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обструктивное апноэ сна и сердечно-сосудистая коморбидность: современное разноголосье в оценке эффективности влияния СРАР-терапии на патогенетические механизмы и сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular comorbidity: modern discordance in assessing the effectiveness of CPAP-therapy against the pathogenetic mechanisms and cardiovascular diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4982-628X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агальцов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agaltsov</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агальцов Михаил Викторович — кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела фундаментальных и прикладных аспектов ожирения.</p><p>101990, Москва, Петроверигский пер., 10, стр. 3; тел.: (903) 123-06-57</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medicine, Senior Researcher, Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity.</p><p>Petroverigskiy per. 10, build. 3, Moscow, 101990; tel.: (903) 123-06-57</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">agaltsov@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коростовцева</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korostovtseva</surname><given-names>Lyudmila S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коростовцева Людмила Сергеевна — кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник группы сомнологии научно-исследовательского отдела артериальной гипертензии, доцент кафедры кардиологии.</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2; тел.: (921) 787-35-48</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medicine, Senior Researcher, Som-nology Group, Research Department for Hypertension, Associate Professor, Department of Cardiology.</p><p>Akkuratova ul. 2, Saint-Petersburg, 197341; tel.: (921) 787-35-48</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyudmila_korosto@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр терапии и профилактической медицины Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Healthcare Ministry of Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А.Алмазова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal State Budgetary Institution “Almazov National Medical Research Centre” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>799</fpage><lpage>807</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Агальцов М.В., Коростовцева Л.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Агальцов М.В., Коростовцева Л.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Agaltsov M.V., Korostovtseva L.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/3299">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/3299</self-uri><abstract><p>Нарушение дыхания во сне, в частности, обструктивное апноэ сна (ОАС), является широко распространенным заболеванием в общей популяции экономически развитых стран. В последние десятилетия ведущим методом лечения клинически значимых форм апноэ хорошо зарекомендовал себя метод неинвазивной вентиляции легких с созданием постоянного положительного давления в дыхательных путях (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure — СРАР) в качестве терапии первой линии.</p><p>Целью работы явился обзор доказательной базы воздействия СРАР-терапии на различные звенья патогенеза ОАС (симпатическая активность во сне, процессы сосудистого воспаления, эндотелиальная функция, процессы оксидативного стресса и коагуляции крови) и сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ) — артериальную гипертензию (АГ), сердечные аритмии, сердечную недостаточность (СН), легочную гипертензию, ишемическую болезнь сердца и комбинированные сердечно-сосудистые исходы, в т. ч. смертность.</p><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. По данным когортных наблюдательных рандомизированных клинических исследований (РКИ) и метаанализов, в которых рассматривалось влияние CPAP-терапии на патофизиологические звенья ОАС и ассоциированные ССЗ, проанализированы существующие в настоящий момент рекомендации и регламентирующие документы, касающиеся ведения пациентов с ССЗ и ОАС. Поиск проводился по базам данных Scopus, Pubmed, Google Scholar, РИНЦ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Несмотря на недолговременное использование CPAP-терапии в клинической практике, накоплено достаточно доказательств относительно положительного эффекта воздействия CPAP-терапии на некоторые звенья патогенеза (симпатическую активацию, в определенной мере — сосудистое воспаление и эндотелиальную дисфункцию) и ССЗ (АГ, в частности, ее резистентную форму, а также пароксизмальные формы фибрилляции предсердий). При изучении остальных форм ССЗ и патогенетических звеньев, связанных с ОАС, по данным, как правило, наблюдательных исследований продемонстрированы хорошие результаты лечения, однако данных РКИ либо недостаточно, либо они неоднозначны, часто при небольшом числе участников, поэтому на настоящий момент убедительных доказательств преимущества этого вида лечения не получено.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В настоящее время по результатам многих исследований подчеркивается, что при проведении РКИ основным барьером для получения приемлемых доказательств эффективности CPAP-терапии, связанных со снижением риска ряда ССЗ, особенно при плохой приверженности терапии из-за отсутствия дневной сонливости, является требуемый уровень приверженности CPAP-терапии — регулярное использование &gt; 4 ч за ночь.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Sleep-disordered breathing (and obstructive sleep apnea, OSA) is a common pathology in the general population in economically developed countries. In the last decades, CPAP therapy (continuous positive airway pressure) became the first-choice treatment option in clinically relevant OSA.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The review summarized available evidence about the effects of CPAP-therapy on the main pathogenetic pathways of OSA (sleep-related sympathetic activity, vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and blood coagulation) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs - hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, coronary heart disease, and combined cardiovascular outcomes, including cardiovascular mortality).</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. We analyzed the data of the randomized observational cohort clinical trials and metaanalyses, which assessed the effects of CPAP-therapy on the pathophysiological mechanisms of OSA and the associated CVDs. We also analyzed current guidelines on the management of patients with CVDs and OAS. We searched the following databases: Scopus, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Russian Scientific Citation Index.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Despite the rather recent implementation of this method, the accumulated evidence shows its favorable impact on OSA pathogenesis (on sympathetic activity and, to some extent, on vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction) and CVDs (hypertension, in particular, resistant hypertension, and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation). The observational studies also demonstrate favorable outcomes regarding other CVDs. However, the data of the randomized clinical trials are limited or controversial, the samples are rather small, which leads to inconsistent conclusions.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Currently, most of the researchers emphasize that the required CPAP-adherence level (regular use for at least 4 h nightly) is the main barrier to getting the high-level evidence of CPAP efficiency with regard to the cardiovascular risk. This factor becomes the biggest limitation in patients who are characterized by the low compliance because they are not prone to daytime sleepiness.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обструктивное апноэ сна</kwd><kwd>СРАР-терапия</kwd><kwd>симпатическая активация во сне</kwd><kwd>эндотелиальная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>оксидатив-ный стресс</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистая смертность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obstructive sleep apnea</kwd><kwd>СРАР-therapy</kwd><kwd>sleep-related sympathetic activity</kwd><kwd>endothelial dysfunction</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular morbidity and mortality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heinzer R., Vat S., Marques-Vidal P. et al. Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in the general population: the HypnoLaus study. 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