<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-3141</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка тяжести и клинические маркеры обструктивных нарушений дыхания во время сна</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of severity and clinical markers of sleep breathing obstructive disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронин</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronin</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корякина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koryakina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чучалин</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuchalin</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>НИИ пульмонологии М3 РФ;&#13;
Медицинский центр Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации;&#13;
Тамбовская областная больница М3 РФ</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>1999</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>1999</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>27</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Воронин И.М., Белов А.М., Корякина Е.В., Чучалин А.Г., 1999</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1999</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Воронин И.М., Белов А.М., Корякина Е.В., Чучалин А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voronin I.M., Belov A.M., Koryakina E.V., Chuchalin A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/3141">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/3141</self-uri><abstract><p>Методы вариационной статистики (дискриминантный, кластерный, факторный и корреляционнорегрессионный анализ) использованы для выбора оптимальной градации индекса апноэ/гипопноэ (ИАГ) при оценке степени тяжести обструктивных нарушений дыхания во время сна (ОНДС) и для определения наиболее информативных клинических маркеров ОНДС. Проанализированы клинические проявления и показатели ночного кардиореспираторного мониторирования у 115 пациентов кардиологического стационара (80 мужчин, 35 женщин, средний возраст 54,6±10,8 года). При кардиореспираторном мониторировании ОНДС (средний ИАГ 23,0±19,4/час) были выявлены у 105 (91,3%) пациентов.Результаты исследований показали, что для классификации выраженности синдрома обструктивного апноэ/гипопноэ сна наиболее оптимально использовать следующую градацию ИАГ: легкая степень — от 5 до 20/час, средняя — от 20 до 40/час, тяжелая — более 40/час. Чтобы избежать клинических ошибок, в ряде случаев следует также принимать во внимание продолжительность эпизодов апноэ/гипопноэ, индекс реакций ЭЭГ активации и степень десатурации. Наиболее значимыми клиническими маркерами ОНДС при ИАГ&gt;5/час являются храп (чувствительность 88%, специфичность 100%), индекс массы тела (ИМТ) более 30 кг/м2 (80% и 90% соответственно) и дневная сонливость (ДС) более 5 баллов по шкале Ерworth (65% и 77% соответственно). Риск наличия ОНДС нарастает при ИМТ&gt;25 кг/м2 и ДС&gt;5 баллов по шкале Ерworth при этом значения ИМТ&gt;37 кг/м2 и ДС&gt;10 баллов обычно сопровождаются тяжелым синдромом апноэ/гипопноэ сна с ИАГ&gt;40/час.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The methods of variation statistics (discriminant, cluster, factor, correlation and regression analyses) were used to determine: 1) the optimal gradation of apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) in order to detect the severity of obstructive sleep disordered breathing (OSDB) and 2) the most representative OSDB clinical markers. Clinical features of OSDB and parameters of nocturnal cardiorespiratory monitoring were analysed in 115 patients of cardiological inpatient department (80 men, 35 women aged 54.6±10.8 years). During nocturnal cardiorespiratory monitoring OSDB with average AHI 23.0±19.4/h was revealed in 105 (91.3%) patients.The results show that the optimal determination of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome severity includes the following gradation of AHI: mild - from 5 to 20/hr. moderate — from 20 to 40/hr, severe — &gt;40/hr. To avoid clinical errors it is also necessary in some cases to take into account the duration of apnea/hypopnea events, index of arousal and desaturation degree. The most significant OSDB clinical markers with AHI&gt;5/hr include snore (sensitivity 88%, specificity 100%), BMI&gt;30kg/m2 (80% and 90% respectively) and rates higher than 5 according to the Epworth sleepiness scale (65% and 77% respectively). Risk for OSDB increases rapidly at BMI&gt;25kg/m2 and sleepiness rate &gt;5 according to Epworth scale. BMI&gt;37kg/m2 and sleeping rate &gt;10 according to Epworth scale were often associated with severe (AHI&gt;40/hr) sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome.</p></trans-abstract></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белов А.М ., Каллистов Д.Ю., Воронин И.М. и др. Кардиологические проявления синдрома обструктивного апноэ во время сна. Клинические случаи / / Тер. арх.— 1998.— № 3.— С.44—52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Белов А.М ., Каллистов Д.Ю., Воронин И.М. и др. Кардиологические проявления синдрома обструктивного апноэ во время сна. Клинические случаи / / Тер. арх.— 1998.— № 3.— С.44—52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белов А.М. Обструктивные нарушения дыхания сна: методологические основы диагностики, синдром “перекреста”, кардиоваскулярные проявления: Дис.... д-ра мед. наук.— М., 1999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Белов А.М. Обструктивные нарушения дыхания сна: методологические основы диагностики, синдром “перекреста”, кардиоваскулярные проявления: Дис.... д-ра мед. наук.— М., 1999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Елигулашвили Т.С. Синдром апноэ во сне: патогенез, клиника и современные методы лечения / / Расстройства сна / Под ред. Ю.А.Александровского, А.М.Вейна.— СПб.: Мед. информ. агентство, 1995.— С.30—37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Елигулашвили Т.С. Синдром апноэ во сне: патогенез, клиника и современные методы лечения / / Расстройства сна / Под ред. Ю.А.Александровского, А.М.Вейна.— СПб.: Мед. информ. агентство, 1995.— С.30—37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ерошина В.А., Бузунов Р.В., Зимин Ю.В., Чевокина С.А. Кардиологические проявления среднетяжелого обструктивного апноэ сна: артериальная гипертония, аритмии сердца и ишемия миокарда / / Кремлев. мед. Клин, вестн.— 1998.— № 2.— С.43—45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ерошина В.А., Бузунов Р.В., Зимин Ю.В., Чевокина С.А. Кардиологические проявления среднетяжелого обструктивного апноэ сна: артериальная гипертония, аритмии сердца и ишемия миокарда / / Кремлев. мед. Клин, вестн.— 1998.— № 2.— С.43—45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зильбер А.П. Синдромы сонного апноэ.— Петрозаводск: Изд-во Петрозавод. гос. ун-та, 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Зильбер А.П. Синдромы сонного апноэ.— Петрозаводск: Изд-во Петрозавод. гос. ун-та, 1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пальман А.Д. Давление в легочной артерии у больных с синдромом апноэ во сне и его динамика в процессе лечения: Автореф. дис. ... канд. мед. наук.— М., 1997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пальман А.Д. Давление в легочной артерии у больных с синдромом апноэ во сне и его динамика в процессе лечения: Автореф. дис. ... канд. мед. наук.— М., 1997.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пальман А Д . Давление в легочной артерии у больных с синдромом апноэ во сне и его динамика в процессе лечения / / Пульмонология.— 1997.— № 4.— С.32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Пальман А Д . Давление в легочной артерии у больных с синдромом апноэ во сне и его динамика в процессе лечения / / Пульмонология.— 1997.— № 4.— С.32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Sleep Disorders Association. International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Revised: Diagnostic and Coding Manual.— Rochester, Minnesota: American Sleep Disorders Association, 1997.— P.52—58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American Sleep Disorders Association. International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Revised: Diagnostic and Coding Manual.— Rochester, Minnesota: American Sleep Disorders Association, 1997.— P.52—58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">App W.E., Boatwright G.W., Ostrander S.E. et at. Disorder of excessive daytime somnolence: a case series of 1.000 patients / / J. Ky med. Assoc.— 1990.— Vol.88.— P.393—396.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">App W.E., Boatwright G.W., Ostrander S.E. et at. Disorder of excessive daytime somnolence: a case series of 1.000 patients / / J. Ky med. Assoc.— 1990.— Vol.88.— P.393—396.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bedard М., Montplaisir J., Richer F., Malo J. Nocturnal hypoxemia as a determinant vigilance impairment in sleep apnea syndrome / / Chest.— 1991.— Vol.100.— P.367—370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bedard М., Montplaisir J., Richer F., Malo J. Nocturnal hypoxemia as a determinant vigilance impairment in sleep apnea syndrome / / Chest.— 1991.— Vol.100.— P.367—370.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bliwise D.L., Nekich J.C., Dement W.C. Relative validity of self-reported snoring as a symptom of sleep apnea in a sleep clinic population / / Ibid.— Vol.99.— P.600—608.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bliwise D.L., Nekich J.C., Dement W.C. Relative validity of self-reported snoring as a symptom of sleep apnea in a sleep clinic population / / Ibid.— Vol.99.— P.600—608.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Butkov N. Atlas of Clinical Polysomnography.— Ashland, OR.: Synapse Media, Inc., 1996.— Vol.2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butkov N. Atlas of Clinical Polysomnography.— Ashland, OR.: Synapse Media, Inc., 1996.— Vol.2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crocker B.D., Olson L.G., Saunders N.A. et al. Estimation of the probability of disturbed breathing during sleep before a sleep study / / Amer. Rev. respir. Dis.— 1992.— Vol.142.— P.14—18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crocker B.D., Olson L.G., Saunders N.A. et al. Estimation of the probability of disturbed breathing during sleep before a sleep study / / Amer. Rev. respir. Dis.— 1992.— Vol.142.— P.14—18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dealberto М., Ferber C., Garma L. et al. Factors related to sleep apnea syndrome in sleep clinic patients / / Chest.— 1994.— Vol.105.— P.1753—1758.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dealberto М., Ferber C., Garma L. et al. Factors related to sleep apnea syndrome in sleep clinic patients / / Chest.— 1994.— Vol.105.— P.1753—1758.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flemons W.W., Whitelow W.A., Brant R., Remmers J.E. Likelihood ratios for the sleep apnea clinical prediction rule / / Amer J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.— 1994.— Vol.150.— P.1279—1285.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flemons W.W., Whitelow W.A., Brant R., Remmers J.E. Likelihood ratios for the sleep apnea clinical prediction rule / / Amer J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.— 1994.— Vol.150.— P.1279—1285.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guilleminault C., Tilkian A., Dement W.C. The sleep apnea syndromes / / Ann. Rev. Med.— 1976.— Vol.27.— P.465—484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guilleminault C., Tilkian A., Dement W.C. The sleep apnea syndromes / / Ann. Rev. Med.— 1976.— Vol.27.— P.465—484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guilleminault C., Dement W.C. Sleep apnea syndromes and related sleep disorders / / Sleep Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment / Eds R.L.Wiliiams, I.Karacan.— New York: Wiley, 1978.— P.31—49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guilleminault C., Dement W.C. Sleep apnea syndromes and related sleep disorders / / Sleep Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment / Eds R.L.Wiliiams, I.Karacan.— New York: Wiley, 1978.— P.31—49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guilleminault C., Stoohs R., Clerk A. et al. A cause of excessive daytime sleepiness. The upper airway resistance syndrome / / Chest.— 1993.— Vol.104.— P.781—787.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guilleminault C., Stoohs R., Clerk A. et al. A cause of excessive daytime sleepiness. The upper airway resistance syndrome / / Chest.— 1993.— Vol.104.— P.781—787.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guilleminault C. Clinical features and evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea / / Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine.— 2-nd Ed. / Eds M.H.Kryger et al.— Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders Company, 1994.— P.667—677.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guilleminault C. Clinical features and evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea / / Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine.— 2-nd Ed. / Eds M.H.Kryger et al.— Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders Company, 1994.— P.667—677.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haponik E.F., Smith P.L., Kaplan J., Bleecker E.R. Flow-volumes curves and sleep disordered breathing: therapeutic implications / / Thorax.— 1983.— Vol.38.— P.609—615.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haponik E.F., Smith P.L., Kaplan J., Bleecker E.R. Flow-volumes curves and sleep disordered breathing: therapeutic implications / / Thorax.— 1983.— Vol.38.— P.609—615.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haraldsson P., Carenfelt C., Knutsson E. et al. Preliminary report: validity of symptom analysis and daytime polysomnography in diagnosis of sleep apnea / / Sleep.— 1992.— Vol. 15.— P.261—263.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haraldsson P., Carenfelt C., Knutsson E. et al. Preliminary report: validity of symptom analysis and daytime polysomnography in diagnosis of sleep apnea / / Sleep.— 1992.— Vol. 15.— P.261—263.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harman E., Wynne I., Block A. The effect of weight loss on sleep disordered breathing and oxygen desaturation in morbidly obese men / / Chest.— 1982.— Vol.82.— P.291—294.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harman E., Wynne I., Block A. The effect of weight loss on sleep disordered breathing and oxygen desaturation in morbidly obese men / / Chest.— 1982.— Vol.82.— P.291—294.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He J., Kryger M.H., Zorick F.J. et al. Mortality and apnea index in obstructive sleep apnea / / Ibid.— 1988.— Vol.94.— P.9—14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He J., Kryger M.H., Zorick F.J. et al. Mortality and apnea index in obstructive sleep apnea / / Ibid.— 1988.— Vol.94.— P.9—14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johns M.W. Reliability and factor analysis of the Epworth sleepiness scale / / Sleep.— 1992.— Vol.15.— P.376—381.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johns M.W. Reliability and factor analysis of the Epworth sleepiness scale / / Sleep.— 1992.— Vol.15.— P.376—381.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johns M.W. Daytime sleepiness, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea. The Epworth sleepiness scale / / Chest.— 1993.— Vol. 103.— P.30—36</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johns M.W. Daytime sleepiness, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea. The Epworth sleepiness scale / / Chest.— 1993.— Vol. 103.— P.30—36</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katz I., Stradling J., Slutsky A.S. et al. Do patients with obstructive sleep apnea have thick necks? / / Amer. Rev. respir. Dis.— 1990.— Vol. 141.— P. 1228—1231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katz I., Stradling J., Slutsky A.S. et al. Do patients with obstructive sleep apnea have thick necks? / / Amer. Rev. respir. Dis.— 1990.— Vol. 141.— P. 1228—1231.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levinson P.D.., McGarvey S.T., Carlisle C.C. et al. Adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in men with OSA / / Chest.— Vol.103.— 1993.— P.1338—1342.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levinson P.D.., McGarvey S.T., Carlisle C.C. et al. Adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in men with OSA / / Chest.— Vol.103.— 1993.— P.1338—1342.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levy P., Pepin J.L., Malauzat D. et al. Is sleep apnea syndrome in the elderly a specific entity? / / Sleep.— 1996.— Vol 19 — P.29—38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levy P., Pepin J.L., Malauzat D. et al. Is sleep apnea syndrome in the elderly a specific entity? / / Sleep.— 1996.— Vol 19 — P.29—38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lugaresi E., Plazzi G. Heavy snorer disease: from snoring to the sleep apnea syndrome — an overview / / Respiration.— 1997.— Vol.64.— Suppl.l.— P.ll—14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lugaresi E., Plazzi G. Heavy snorer disease: from snoring to the sleep apnea syndrome — an overview / / Respiration.— 1997.— Vol.64.— Suppl.l.— P.ll—14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Partinen AL, Jamieson A., Guilleminault C. Long-term outcome for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients: Mortality / / Chest.— 1988.— Vol.94.— P.1200—1204.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Partinen AL, Jamieson A., Guilleminault C. Long-term outcome for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients: Mortality / / Chest.— 1988.— Vol.94.— P.1200—1204.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peiser J., Lavie P., Ovnat A., Charuzi I. Sleep apnea syndrome in the morbidly obese as an indication for weight reduction surgery / / Ann. Surg.— 1984.— Vol.199.— P. 112—115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peiser J., Lavie P., Ovnat A., Charuzi I. Sleep apnea syndrome in the morbidly obese as an indication for weight reduction surgery / / Ann. Surg.— 1984.— Vol.199.— P. 112—115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peter J.H., Koehler U., Grote L ., Podszus 7 Manifestation and consequences of obstructive sleep apnoea / / Eur. Respir. J — 1995.— Vol.8.— P.1572—1583.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peter J.H., Koehler U., Grote L ., Podszus 7 Manifestation and consequences of obstructive sleep apnoea / / Eur. Respir. J — 1995.— Vol.8.— P.1572—1583.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Phillips B.A., Schmitt F.A., Berry D.T.R. et al. Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. A preliminary report comparing nasal CPAP to nasal oxygen in patients with mild OSA / / Chest.— 1990.— Vol.98.— P.325—330.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Phillips B.A., Schmitt F.A., Berry D.T.R. et al. Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. A preliminary report comparing nasal CPAP to nasal oxygen in patients with mild OSA / / Chest.— 1990.— Vol.98.— P.325—330.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poceta J.S., Timms R.M., Jeong D.-U. et al. Maintenance of wakefulness test in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome / / Ibid — 1992.— Vol.101.— P.893—897.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poceta J.S., Timms R.M., Jeong D.-U. et al. Maintenance of wakefulness test in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome / / Ibid — 1992.— Vol.101.— P.893—897.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roehrs T., Zorick F., Witting R. et al. Predictors of objective level of daytime sleepiness in patients with sleep-related breathing disorders / / Ibid.— 1989.— Vol.95.— P.1202—1206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roehrs T., Zorick F., Witting R. et al. Predictors of objective level of daytime sleepiness in patients with sleep-related breathing disorders / / Ibid.— 1989.— Vol.95.— P.1202—1206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sangal R.B., Thomas L., Mitler AI.AI. Disorders of excessive sleepiness. Treatment improves ability to stay awake but does not reduce sleepiness / / Ibid.— 1992.— Vol. 102,— P.699—703.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sangal R.B., Thomas L., Mitler AI.AI. Disorders of excessive sleepiness. Treatment improves ability to stay awake but does not reduce sleepiness / / Ibid.— 1992.— Vol. 102,— P.699—703.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sink J., Bliwise D.L., Dement W.C. Self-reported excessive daytime somnolence and impaired respiration in sleep / / Ibid.— 1986.— Vol.90.— P.177—180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sink J., Bliwise D.L., Dement W.C. Self-reported excessive daytime somnolence and impaired respiration in sleep / / Ibid.— 1986.— Vol.90.— P.177—180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Young T., Palta Al., Dempsey J. et al. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults / / New Engl. J. Med.— 1993.— Vol.328.— P.1230—1235.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Young T., Palta Al., Dempsey J. et al. The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults / / New Engl. J. Med.— 1993.— Vol.328.— P.1230—1235.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
