pulmoПульмонологияPULMONOLOGIYA0869-01892541-9617Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC10.18093/0869-0189-2022-3053pulmo-3053Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWОсь кишечник–легкиеGut–lung axishttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-5077БеляевВ. С.BelyaevV. S.

Беляев Всеволод Станиславович – студент V курса стоматологического факультета

170100, Тверь, ул. Советская, 4

тел.: (911) 616-49-02

Vsevolod S. Belyaev, V year student, Faculty of Dentistry

ul. Sovetskaya 4, Tver, 170100

tel.: (911) 616-49-02

seva.belyaev.99@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6549-0010ЧервинецВ. М.ChervinetsV. M.

Червинец Вячеслав Михайлович – д. м. н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой микробиологии и вирусологии с курсом иммунологии

170100, Тверь, ул. Советская, 4

тел.: (960) 710-75-49

Vyacheslav M. Chervinets, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of Microbiology and Virology with a Course of Immunology

ul. Sovetskaya 4, Tver, 170100

tel.: (960) 710-75-49

chervinets@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9209-7839ЧервинецЮ. В.ChervinetsYu. V.

Червинец Юлия Вячеславовна – д. м. н., профессор кафедры микробиологии и вирусологии с курсом иммунологии

170100, Тверь, ул. Советская, 4

тел.: (960) 703-01-25

Yulia V. Chervinets, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Department of Microbiology and Virology with a Course of Immunology

ul. Sovetskaya 4, Tver, 170100

 tel.: (960) 703-01-25

julia_chervinec@mail.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Тверской государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияTver State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202307122022335663669Copyright © Беляев В.С., Червинец В.М., Червинец Ю.В., 20232023Беляев В.С., Червинец В.М., Червинец Ю.В.Belyaev V.S., Chervinets V.M., Chervinets Y.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/3053

Микробиота кишечника – одна из наиболее многочисленных среди различных биотопов организма. Ее метаболическая активность, а также антигенный состав во многом определяют метаболизм и иммунологический статус макроорганизма, которые, в свою очередь, влияют на активность местного иммунитета тканей легких, предотвращая развитие не только инфекционного процесса экзогенного характера, но и оппортунистических инфекций, а также заболеваний неинфекционной природы. Целью исследования явилось выявление механизмов взаимодействия микробиоты кишечника с компонентами иммунной системы и микрофлорой легких, а также влияния микроорганизмов кишечника на развитие патологии легких. Представлены данные о влиянии дисбиотических изменений в кишечнике на развитие бронхиальной астмы, муковисцидоза, острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома, хронической обструктивной болезни легких, респираторных вирусных инфекций. Рассмотрена роль микробиоты кишечника в формировании иммунологической резистентности к инфицированию Mycobacterium tuberculosis и поддержании антионкогенных процессов в тканях легких. Заключение. Микробиота кишечника вносит большой вклад в развитие респираторной патологии через иммунологические и метаболические механизмы. Подробное изучение данных механизмов позволит расширить представление о патогенезе заболеваний легких и найти точки приложения для фармакотерапии данной категории патологий.

The intestinal microbiota is one of the most abundant of the human body biotopes. Its metabolic activity, as well as the antigenic composition, largely determine the metabolism and immunological status of the macroorganism, which, in turn, affect the local immunity of lung tissues. The pulmonary local immunity prevents the development of exogenous infections, opportunistic infections, and non-infectious diseases. The aim of the study was to identify the mechanisms of interaction of the intestinal microbiota with the components of the immune system and the pulmonary microflora, as well as the influence of intestinal microorganisms on the development of lung pathology. In this regard, the review presents data on how dysbiotic changes in the intestine affect the course of bronchial asthma, cystic fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and respiratory viral infections. The role of the intestinal microbiota in the formation of immunological resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and maintenance of anti-oncogenic processes in lung tissues is considered. Conclusion. The gut microbiota contributes greatly to the development of respiratory conditions through immunological and metabolic mechanisms. A detailed study of these mechanisms will help understand the pathogenesis of lung diseases and identify points of application of pharmacological therapy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.