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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-2976</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммуномодулирующие эффекты ингаляций ультра низких доз алкилирующего цитостатика мелфалана у больных бронхиальной астмой</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunomodulating effects of inhaled alkylating drug melphalan in asthmatic patients</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколов</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolov</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пухальский</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pukhalsky</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зыков</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zykov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмарина</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmarina</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матько</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matko</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидов</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidov</surname><given-names>Yu. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокаровцева</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokarovtseva</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевелев</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevelev</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Лаборатория пульмонологии Московского государственного медико-стоматологического университета</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Медико-генетический научный центр РАМН</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2002</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соколов Е.И., Пухальский А.Л., Зыков К.А., Шмарина Г.В., Матько Л.Ю., Демидов Ю.И., Кокаровцева С.Н., Шевелев В.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соколов Е.И., Пухальский А.Л., Зыков К.А., Шмарина Г.В., Матько Л.Ю., Демидов Ю.И., Кокаровцева С.Н., Шевелев В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sokolov E.I., Pukhalsky A.L., Zykov K.A., Shmarina G.V., Matko L.Y., Demidov Y.I., Kokarovtseva S.N., Shevelev V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2976">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2976</self-uri><abstract><p>Мелфалан (Алкеран®) представляет собой алкилирующий препарат, относящийся к семейству азотистых ипритов и обладающий выраженной цитостатической и иммунодепрессивной активностью. Цитостатический эффект мелфалана обнаруживается в дозах 0,6-1,4 мг/кг или в концентрации 0,1 мг/мл в опытах in vitro. В то же время при снижении концентрации в 100 раз и более алкилирующие препараты продолжают обнаруживать биологическую активность, которая является результатом селективной блокады цитокиновых рецепторов. В исследование были включены 42 пациента с тяжелой бронхиальной астмой. Половина больных получала стандартную терапию (контрольная группа), а другой половине дополнительно ингалировали мелфалан (0,1 мг в день). У всех больных исследовали динамику маркеров воспаления в бронхиальном смыве и периферической крови. Показано, что комбинация базисной терапии и ингаляций мелфалана давала существенно более благоприятный эффект, чем стандартные методы лечения. В образцах бронхиального смыва было обнаружено заметное повышение уровня цитокинов, что может быть связано с регенерацией эпителия бронхов, признаки которой ранее были обнаружены при морфологическом исследовании. В периферической крови было обнаружено значимое снижение числа клеток, экспрессирующих CD95, а также повышение чувствительности лимфоцитов к антипролиферативному действию глюкокортикоидов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Melphalan (Alkeran) is an alkylating drug belonging to the nitrogen mustard family. It is known as cytostatic and immunosuppressive agent. Cytostatic effect of melphalan can be realized in the dose range of 0.6 to 1.4 mg/kg bodyweight or in the concentration of 0.1 mg/ml in vitro. At the same time the 100-fold lower concentrations of the alkylating agents still demonstrate their properties resulted from a selective block of cytokine receptors. Forty two patients with exacerbation of steroid-resistant asthma were enrolled into the trial. Twenty one subjects were treated with basic therapy only (the control group) and 21 others received the basic therapy and melphalan inhalations (0.1 mg daily). Inflammatory markers of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood were investigated. The combined therapy with melphalan provided a significant benefit compared with the basic therapy alone. Marked elevation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytokine level was observed in the patients treated with melphalan. This could be associated with the airway epithelium regeneration. A significant decrease in CD95 expression by the blood lymphocytes as well as a diminution of the lymphocyte resistance to glucocorticoids was also demonstrated.</p></trans-abstract></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зыков К.А. Морфофункциональная оценка эффективности лечения эндогенной бронхиальной астмы ингаляциями ультрамалых доз мелфалана: Автореф. дис. ... канд. мед. наук. М.; 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Зыков К.А. 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