pulmoПульмонологияPULMONOLOGIYA0869-01892541-9617Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLCpulmo-2919Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWИсследование конденсата выдыхаемого воздуха в пульмонологииExamination of expired air condensate in pulmonologyАнаевЭ. Х.AnaevE. Kh.
Москва
ЧучалинА. Г.ChuchalinA. G.
Москва
НИИ пульмонологии Минздрава РФRussian Federation200223102021025766Copyright © Анаев Э.Х., Чучалин А.Г., 20212021Анаев Э.Х., Чучалин А.Г.Anaev E.K., Chuchalin A.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2919
.
ReferencesAdler К., Wooten О., Philippoff W. et al. Physical properties of sputum: 3. Reologic variability and intrinsic relationships. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1972; 106: 86-96.Adler К., Wooten О., Philippoff W. et al. Physical properties of sputum: 3. Reologic variability and intrinsic relationships. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1972; 106: 86-96.Agostoni P., Arena V., Doria E., Susini G. Inspired gas relative humidity affects system ic to pulmonary bronchial blood flow in humans. Chest 1990; 97: 1377-1380.Agostoni P., Arena V., Doria E., Susini G. Inspired gas relative humidity affects system ic to pulmonary bronchial blood flow in humans. Chest 1990; 97: 1377-1380.Antczak A. Increased hydrogen peroxide and thiobarbituric acidreactive products in expired breath condensate of asthm atic patients. Eur. Respir. J. 1997; 10 (6): 1235-1241.Antczak A. Increased hydrogen peroxide and thiobarbituric acidreactive products in expired breath condensate of asthm atic patients. Eur. Respir. J. 1997; 10 (6): 1235-1241.Antczak A., Gorski P. Increased exhaled cysteinyl-leukotrienes, leukotriene B 4 and 8-isoprostane in exacerbation of C O PD . Ibid. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A1696.Antczak A., Gorski P. Increased exhaled cysteinyl-leukotrienes, leukotriene B 4 and 8-isoprostane in exacerbation of C O PD . Ibid. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A1696.Antczak A., Kurmanowska Z., Kasielski М., Nowak D. Inhaled glucocorticosteroids decrease hydrogen peroxide level in expired air condensate in asthm atic patients. Respir. M ed. 2000; 94 (5): 416-421.Antczak A., Kurmanowska Z., Kasielski М., Nowak D. Inhaled glucocorticosteroids decrease hydrogen peroxide level in expired air condensate in asthm atic patients. Respir. M ed. 2000; 94 (5): 416-421.Arias-Diaz J., Vara E., Torres-Melero J. et al. Nitrite/nitrate and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of lung cancer patients. Cancer (Philad.) 1994; 74: 1546-1551.Arias-Diaz J., Vara E., Torres-Melero J. et al. Nitrite/nitrate and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of lung cancer patients. Cancer (Philad.) 1994; 74: 1546-1551.Baile E.M., Dahlby R.W., Wiggs B.R., Pare P.D. Role of tracheal and bronchial circulation in respiratory heat exchange. J. Appl. Physiol. 1985; 58: 217-222.Baile E.M., Dahlby R.W., Wiggs B.R., Pare P.D. Role of tracheal and bronchial circulation in respiratory heat exchange. J. Appl. Physiol. 1985; 58: 217-222.Baldwin S.R., Simon R.H., Gram C.M . et al. Oxidant activity in expired breath of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet 1986; 1: 11-14.Baldwin S.R., Simon R.H., Gram C.M . et al. Oxidant activity in expired breath of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet 1986; 1: 11-14.Balint B., Kharitonov S.A., Hanazawa T. et al. Increased nitrotyrosine in exhaled breath condensate in cystic fibrosis. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 17: 1201-1207.Balint B., Kharitonov S.A., Hanazawa T. et al. Increased nitrotyrosine in exhaled breath condensate in cystic fibrosis. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 17: 1201-1207.Balint B., Kharitonov S.A., Kazuhiro I. et at. Increased IL-8 in exhaled breath condensate in cystic fibrosis during acute exacerbation. Ibid. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A3596.Balint B., Kharitonov S.A., Kazuhiro I. et at. Increased IL-8 in exhaled breath condensate in cystic fibrosis during acute exacerbation. Ibid. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A3596.Balint B., Kharitonov S.A., Kemp M. et at. Ionic composition of exhaled breath condensate in cystic fibrosis. Ibid.Balint B., Kharitonov S.A., Kemp M. et at. Ionic composition of exhaled breath condensate in cystic fibrosis. Ibid.Becher G., Winsel K., Beck E., Steremann E. Leukotriene B 4 in breathing condensate of patients with bronchopulmonary diseases and of normal patients. Appl. Cardiopulmon. Pathophysiol. 1995; 5: 215-219.Becher G., Winsel K., Beck E., Steremann E. Leukotriene B 4 in breathing condensate of patients with bronchopulmonary diseases and of normal patients. Appl. Cardiopulmon. Pathophysiol. 1995; 5: 215-219.Blankenburg T., Schaedlich S., Schuelte W. Exhaled breath condensate as a sensitive diagnostic aid in asthma bronchiale. Eur. Respir J. 2000; 16 (suppl. 31): A1907.Blankenburg T., Schaedlich S., Schuelte W. Exhaled breath condensate as a sensitive diagnostic aid in asthma bronchiale. Eur. Respir J. 2000; 16 (suppl. 31): A1907.Bucchioni E., Kharitonov S.A., Csoma Z., Barnes P.J. Exhaled breath histamine is reduced following methacholine challenge in patients with mild asthma. Ibid. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A l l 11.Bucchioni E., Kharitonov S.A., Csoma Z., Barnes P.J. Exhaled breath histamine is reduced following methacholine challenge in patients with mild asthma. Ibid. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A l l 11.Carpenter C.T., Price P.V., Christman B.W. Exhaled breath condensate isoprostanes are elevated in patients with acute lung injury or A R D S . Chest 1998; 114 (6): 1653-1659.Carpenter C.T., Price P.V., Christman B.W. Exhaled breath condensate isoprostanes are elevated in patients with acute lung injury or A R D S . Chest 1998; 114 (6): 1653-1659.Corradi M., Montuschi P., Donnelly L.E. et al. Increased nitrosothiols in exhaled breath condensate in inflammatory airway diseases. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163 (4): 854-858.Corradi M., Montuschi P., Donnelly L.E. et al. Increased nitrosothiols in exhaled breath condensate in inflammatory airway diseases. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163 (4): 854-858.Csoma Z., Kharitonov S.A., Shahid S.K . et al. Leukotrienes in exhaled breath condensate of children with asthma. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A358.Csoma Z., Kharitonov S.A., Shahid S.K . et al. Leukotrienes in exhaled breath condensate of children with asthma. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A358.Cunningham S., McColm J.R., Ho L.P. et al. Measurement of inflammatory markers in the breath condensate of children with cystic fibrosis. Ibid. 2000; 15: 955-957.Cunningham S., McColm J.R., Ho L.P. et al. Measurement of inflammatory markers in the breath condensate of children with cystic fibrosis. Ibid. 2000; 15: 955-957.De Benedetto F., Aceto A., Dragani B. et al. Validation of a new technique to assess exhaled hydrogen peroxide: results from normals and C O PD patients. Monaldi Arch. Chest Dis. 2000; 55 (3): 185-188.De Benedetto F., Aceto A., Dragani B. et al. Validation of a new technique to assess exhaled hydrogen peroxide: results from normals and C O PD patients. Monaldi Arch. Chest Dis. 2000; 55 (3): 185-188.Dekhuijzen P.N., Aben K.K., Dekker I. et al. Increased exhalation of hydrogen peroxide in patients with stable and unstable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1996; 154: 813-816.Dekhuijzen P.N., Aben K.K., Dekker I. et al. Increased exhalation of hydrogen peroxide in patients with stable and unstable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1996; 154: 813-816.Dohlman A.W., Black H.R., Royall J.A. Expired breath hydrogen peroxide is a marker of acute airway inflammation in pediatric patients with asthma. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993; 148: 955-960.Dohlman A.W., Black H.R., Royall J.A. Expired breath hydrogen peroxide is a marker of acute airway inflammation in pediatric patients with asthma. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993; 148: 955-960.Effros R.M . Endogenous airway acidification: implications for asthma pathology. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163 (1): 293-294.Effros R.M . Endogenous airway acidification: implications for asthma pathology. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163 (1): 293-294.Fairchild C.I., Stampfer J.E. Particle concentration in exhaled breath. Am. Industr. Hyg. Assoc. J. 1987; 48: 948-949.Fairchild C.I., Stampfer J.E. Particle concentration in exhaled breath. Am. Industr. Hyg. Assoc. J. 1987; 48: 948-949.Ganas K., Loukides S., Papatheodorou G. et al. Total nitrite/nitrate in expired breath condensate of patients with asthma. Respir. Med. 2001; 95 (8): 649-654.Ganas K., Loukides S., Papatheodorou G. et al. Total nitrite/nitrate in expired breath condensate of patients with asthma. Respir. Med. 2001; 95 (8): 649-654.Gaston B., Drazen J.M., Loscaizo J., Stamler J.S. The biology of nitrogen oxides in the airways. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1994; 149: 538-551.Gaston B., Drazen J.M., Loscaizo J., Stamler J.S. The biology of nitrogen oxides in the airways. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1994; 149: 538-551.Guatura S.B., Martinez J.A., Santos M.L. Increased exhalation of hydrogen peroxide in healthy subjects following cigarette consumption. Sao Paulo Med. J. 2000; 118 (4): 93-98.Guatura S.B., Martinez J.A., Santos M.L. Increased exhalation of hydrogen peroxide in healthy subjects following cigarette consumption. Sao Paulo Med. J. 2000; 118 (4): 93-98.Hanazawa T., Kharitonov S.A., Barnes P.J. Increased nitrotyrosine in exhaled breath condensate of patients with asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 162: 1273-1276.Hanazawa T., Kharitonov S.A., Barnes P.J. Increased nitrotyrosine in exhaled breath condensate of patients with asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 162: 1273-1276.Hanazawa T., Kharitonov S.A., Oldfield W.L.G. et al. Levels of nitrotyrosine and cysteinyl leukotrienes in breath condensates are elevated after withdrawal of steroid treatment in asthmatic patients. Eur. Respir. J. 2000; 16 (suppl. 31): A3701.Hanazawa T., Kharitonov S.A., Oldfield W.L.G. et al. Levels of nitrotyrosine and cysteinyl leukotrienes in breath condensates are elevated after withdrawal of steroid treatment in asthmatic patients. Eur. Respir. J. 2000; 16 (suppl. 31): A3701.Ho L.P., Faccenda J., Innes J.A., Greening A.P. Expired hydrogen peroxide in breath condensate of cystic fibrosis patients. Ibid. 1999; 13: 103-106.Ho L.P., Faccenda J., Innes J.A., Greening A.P. Expired hydrogen peroxide in breath condensate of cystic fibrosis patients. Ibid. 1999; 13: 103-106.Ho L.P., Innes S.A., Greening A.P. Nitrite levels in breath condensate of patients with cystic fibrosis is elevated in contrast to exhaled nitric oxide. Thorax 1998; 53 (8): 680-684.Ho L.P., Innes S.A., Greening A.P. Nitrite levels in breath condensate of patients with cystic fibrosis is elevated in contrast to exhaled nitric oxide. Thorax 1998; 53 (8): 680-684.Horvath I., Donnelly L.E., Kiss A. et al. Combined use of exhaled hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in monitoring asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 158: 1042-1046.Horvath I., Donnelly L.E., Kiss A. et al. Combined use of exhaled hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in monitoring asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 158: 1042-1046.Hunt J., Byrns R.E., Ignarro L.J., Gaston B. Condensed expirate nitrite as a home marker for acute asthma. Lancet 1995; 346: 1235-1236.Hunt J., Byrns R.E., Ignarro L.J., Gaston B. Condensed expirate nitrite as a home marker for acute asthma. Lancet 1995; 346: 1235-1236.Hunt J.F., Fang K., Malik R. et al. Endogenous airway acidification. Implications for asthma pathophysiology. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 161: 694-699.Hunt J.F., Fang K., Malik R. et al. Endogenous airway acidification. Implications for asthma pathophysiology. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 161: 694-699.Isola N., Csoma Z., Kharitonov S.A . et al. Exhaled 8-isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress, is increased in patients with bronchiectasis. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A1697.Isola N., Csoma Z., Kharitonov S.A . et al. Exhaled 8-isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress, is increased in patients with bronchiectasis. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A1697.Isola N., Kharitonov S.A., Wells A.U. et al. Exhaled 8-isoprostane as a non-invasive marker of oxidative stress in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and fibrosing alveolitis associated with system ic sclerosis. Ibid. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A2772.Isola N., Kharitonov S.A., Wells A.U. et al. Exhaled 8-isoprostane as a non-invasive marker of oxidative stress in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and fibrosing alveolitis associated with system ic sclerosis. Ibid. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A2772.Jobsis Q ., Raatgeep H.C., Hermans P.W., de Jongste J.C. Hydrogen peroxide in exhaled air is increased in stable asthmatic children. Ibid. 1997; 10 (3): 519-521.Jobsis Q ., Raatgeep H.C., Hermans P.W., de Jongste J.C. Hydrogen peroxide in exhaled air is increased in stable asthmatic children. Ibid. 1997; 10 (3): 519-521.Jobsis Q., Raatgeep H.C., Schellekens S.L. et al. Hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in exhaled air of children with cystic fibrosis during antibiotic treatment. Ibid. 2000; 16: 95-100.Jobsis Q., Raatgeep H.C., Schellekens S.L. et al. Hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide in exhaled air of children with cystic fibrosis during antibiotic treatment. Ibid. 2000; 16: 95-100.Kanazawa H., Shoji S., Yamada M. et al. Increased levels of nitric oxide derivatives in induced sputum in patients with asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1997; 99: 624-629.Kanazawa H., Shoji S., Yamada M. et al. Increased levels of nitric oxide derivatives in induced sputum in patients with asthma. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1997; 99: 624-629.Kasielski M., Nowak D. Long-term administration of N-acetylcysteine decreases hydrogen peroxide exhalation in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir. Med. 2001; 95 (6): 448-456.Kasielski M., Nowak D. Long-term administration of N-acetylcysteine decreases hydrogen peroxide exhalation in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir. Med. 2001; 95 (6): 448-456.Kharitonov S.A., Barnes P.J. Exhaled markers of pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 183: 1693-1722.Kharitonov S.A., Barnes P.J. Exhaled markers of pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 183: 1693-1722.Kietzmann D., Kahl R., Muller M. et al. Hydrogen peroxide in expired breath condensate of patients with acute respiratory failure and with A R D S . Intensive Care Med. 1993; 19: 78-81.Kietzmann D., Kahl R., Muller M. et al. Hydrogen peroxide in expired breath condensate of patients with acute respiratory failure and with A R D S . Intensive Care Med. 1993; 19: 78-81.Kostikas K., Papatheodorou G., Ganas K. et al. pH in expired breath condensate of patients with inflammatory airway diseases. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A1693.Kostikas K., Papatheodorou G., Ganas K. et al. pH in expired breath condensate of patients with inflammatory airway diseases. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A1693.Lases E.C., Duurkens V.A., Gerritsen W.B., Haas F.J. Oxidative stress after lung resection therapy: A pilot study. Chest 2000; 117 (4): 999-1003.Lases E.C., Duurkens V.A., Gerritsen W.B., Haas F.J. Oxidative stress after lung resection therapy: A pilot study. Chest 2000; 117 (4): 999-1003.Loukides S., Horvath I., Wodehouse T. et al. Elevated levels of expired breath hydrogen peroxide in bronchiectasis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 158 (3): 991-994.Loukides S., Horvath I., Wodehouse T. et al. Elevated levels of expired breath hydrogen peroxide in bronchiectasis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 158 (3): 991-994.Manolis A. The diagnostic potential of breath analysis. Clin. Chem. 1983; 29: 5-15.Manolis A. The diagnostic potential of breath analysis. Clin. Chem. 1983; 29: 5-15.McFadden E.R .Jr. Respiratory heat and water exchange: physiological and clinical implications. J. Appl. Physiol. 1983; 54: 331-336.McFadden E.R .Jr. Respiratory heat and water exchange: physiological and clinical implications. J. Appl. Physiol. 1983; 54: 331-336.Metheny N.A., Stewart B.J., Smith L. et al. pH and concentration of bilirubin in feeding tube aspirates as predictors of tube placement. Nurs. Res. 1999; 48: 189-197.Metheny N.A., Stewart B.J., Smith L. et al. pH and concentration of bilirubin in feeding tube aspirates as predictors of tube placement. Nurs. Res. 1999; 48: 189-197.Montuschi P., Barnes P.J. Eicosanoids in breath condensate: new non-invasive biomarkers of airw ay inflam m ation. Eur. Respir. J. 2000; 16 (suppl. 31): A3698.Montuschi P., Barnes P.J. Eicosanoids in breath condensate: new non-invasive biomarkers of airw ay inflam m ation. Eur. Respir. J. 2000; 16 (suppl. 31): A3698.Montuschi P., Ciabattoni G., Paredi P. et al. 8-isoprostane as a biomarker of oxidative stress in interstitial lung diseases. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 158: 1524-1527.Montuschi P., Ciabattoni G., Paredi P. et al. 8-isoprostane as a biomarker of oxidative stress in interstitial lung diseases. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 158: 1524-1527.Montuschi P., Collins J.V., Ciabattoni G. et al. Exhaled 8-isoprostane as an in vivo biomarker of lung oxidative stress in patients with C O PD and healthy smokers. Ibid. 2000; 162 (3, pt 1): 1175-1177.Montuschi P., Collins J.V., Ciabattoni G. et al. Exhaled 8-isoprostane as an in vivo biomarker of lung oxidative stress in patients with C O PD and healthy smokers. Ibid. 2000; 162 (3, pt 1): 1175-1177.Montuschi P., Corradi M., Ciabattoni G. et al. Increased 8-isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress, in exhaled condensate of asthma patients. Ibid. 1999; 160 (1): 216-220.Montuschi P., Corradi M., Ciabattoni G. et al. Increased 8-isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress, in exhaled condensate of asthma patients. Ibid. 1999; 160 (1): 216-220.Montuschi P., Kharitonov S.A., Ciabattoni G. et al. Exhaled 8-isoprostane as a new non-invasive biomarker of oxidative stress in cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2000; 55 (3): 205-209.Montuschi P., Kharitonov S.A., Ciabattoni G. et al. Exhaled 8-isoprostane as a new non-invasive biomarker of oxidative stress in cystic fibrosis. Thorax 2000; 55 (3): 205-209.Moore K., Roberts L.J. Measurement of lipid peroxidation. Free Radic. Res. 1998; 28: 659-671.Moore K., Roberts L.J. Measurement of lipid peroxidation. Free Radic. Res. 1998; 28: 659-671.Mutlu G.M., Garey K.W., Robbins R.A . et al. Collection and analysis of exhaled breath condensate in humans. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care M ed. 2001; 164 (5): 731-737.Mutlu G.M., Garey K.W., Robbins R.A . et al. Collection and analysis of exhaled breath condensate in humans. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care M ed. 2001; 164 (5): 731-737.Nowak D. Increased content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and hydrogen peroxide in the expired breath condensate of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: no significant effect of cigarette smoking. Respir. M ed. 1999; 93.(6): 389-396.Nowak D. Increased content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and hydrogen peroxide in the expired breath condensate of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: no significant effect of cigarette smoking. Respir. M ed. 1999; 93.(6): 389-396.Nowak D., Antczak A., Krol M. et al. Increased content of hydrogen peroxide in the expired breath of cigarette smokers. Eur. Respir. J. 1996; 9: 652-657.Nowak D., Antczak A., Krol M. et al. Increased content of hydrogen peroxide in the expired breath of cigarette smokers. Eur. Respir. J. 1996; 9: 652-657.Nowak D., Kalucka S., Bialasiewicz P., Krol M. Exhalation of H 20 2 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (T B A R s) by healthy subjects. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2001; 30 (2): 178-186.Nowak D., Kalucka S., Bialasiewicz P., Krol M. Exhalation of H 20 2 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (T B A R s) by healthy subjects. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2001; 30 (2): 178-186.Palaiologou A., Loukides S., Papalheodorou G. et al. pH in expired breath condensate of patients with asthma. Eur. Respir. J. 2000; 16 (suppl. 31): A428.Palaiologou A., Loukides S., Papalheodorou G. et al. pH in expired breath condensate of patients with asthma. Eur. Respir. J. 2000; 16 (suppl. 31): A428.Psathakis K., Papatheodorou G., Plataki M. et al. Oxidative stress in expired breath condensate of patients with sarcoidosis. Ibid. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A2364.Psathakis K., Papatheodorou G., Plataki M. et al. Oxidative stress in expired breath condensate of patients with sarcoidosis. Ibid. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A2364.Ramsey B.W. Managem ent of pulmonary disease in patients with cystic fibrosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 1996; 335: 179-188.Ramsey B.W. Managem ent of pulmonary disease in patients with cystic fibrosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 1996; 335: 179-188.Ranieri V.M., Suter P.M., Tortorella G. et al. Effect of mechanical ventilation on inflammatory mediators in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trials. J.A .M .A . 1999; 282: 54-61.Ranieri V.M., Suter P.M., Tortorella G. et al. Effect of mechanical ventilation on inflammatory mediators in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trials. J.A .M .A . 1999; 282: 54-61.Roberts L.J., Morrow J.D. The isoprostanes: novel markers of lipid peroxidation and potential mediators of injury. Adv. Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot. Res. 1995; 23: 219-223.Roberts L.J., Morrow J.D. The isoprostanes: novel markers of lipid peroxidation and potential mediators of injury. Adv. Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot. Res. 1995; 23: 219-223.Scheideler L., Manke H.G., Schwulera U. et al. Detection of nonvolatile macromolecules in breath. A possible diagnostic tool? Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993; 148 (3): 778-784.Scheideler L., Manke H.G., Schwulera U. et al. Detection of nonvolatile macromolecules in breath. A possible diagnostic tool? Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993; 148 (3): 778-784.Schleiss M.B., Holz O., Behnke M. et al. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide in exhaled air depends on expiratory flow rate. Eur. Respir. J. 2000; 16 (6): 1115-1118.Schleiss M.B., Holz O., Behnke M. et al. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide in exhaled air depends on expiratory flow rate. Eur. Respir. J. 2000; 16 (6): 1115-1118.Sznajder J.I., Fraiman A., Hall J.B. et al. Increased hydrogen peroxide in the expired breath of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Chest 1989; 96: 606-612.Sznajder J.I., Fraiman A., Hall J.B. et al. Increased hydrogen peroxide in the expired breath of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Chest 1989; 96: 606-612.Wilson W.C., Swetland J.F., Benumof J.L. et al. General anesthesia and exhaled breath hydrogen peroxide. Anesthesiology 1992; 76 (5): 703-710.Wilson W.C., Swetland J.F., Benumof J.L. et al. General anesthesia and exhaled breath hydrogen peroxide. Anesthesiology 1992; 76 (5): 703-710.Zayasu K., Sckizawa K., Okinaga S. et al. Increased carbon monoxide in exhaled air of asthmatic patients. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care M ed. 1997; 156: 1140-1143.Zayasu K., Sckizawa K., Okinaga S. et al. Increased carbon monoxide in exhaled air of asthmatic patients. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care M ed. 1997; 156: 1140-1143.Zieba М., Kwiatkowska S., Tymicska K.et al. Increased concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H 20 2) in expired breath con densate of patients with lung cancer and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A1692.Zieba М., Kwiatkowska S., Tymicska K.et al. Increased concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H 20 2) in expired breath con densate of patients with lung cancer and stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 18 (suppl. 33): A1692.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.