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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2021-31-5-613-626</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-2881</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективность комбинаций ингаляционных глюкокортикостероидов и длительно действующих β-агонистов в условиях реальной медицинской практики: результаты многоцентрового кросс-секционного исследования у российских пациентов с бронхиальной астмой</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β-agonists combinations in real clinical practice: results of a multicenter cross-sectional study in Russian patients with asthma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5671-3478</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Архипов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Arkhipov</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Архипов Владимир Владимирович – д. м. н., профессор кафедры клинической фармакологии и терапии</p><p>25993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2 / 1, стр. 1</p><p>тел.: (499) 252-21-04</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Arkhipov, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy</p><p>ul. Barrikadnaya 2/1, build. 1, Moscow, 123995</p><p>tel.: (499) 252-21-04</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arkhipov@gmx.us</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4044-674X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айсанов</surname><given-names>З. P.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aisanov</surname><given-names>Zaurbek R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айсанов Заурбек Рамазанович – д. м. н., профессор кафедры пульмонологии</p><p>17997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1</p><p>тел.: (495) 965-34-66</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zaurbek R. Aisanov, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Department of Pulmonology</p><p>ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997</p><p>tel.: (495) 965-34-66</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aisanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-2150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>C. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>Sergey N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдеев Сергей Николаевич – д. м. н., член-корр. Российской академии наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования; руководитель клинического отдела</p><p>SPIN-code: 1645-5524</p><p>19991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2;</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28</p><p>тел.: (495) 708-35-76</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Avdeev, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences; Head of the Clinical Department</p><p>SPIN-code: 1645-5524</p><p>ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991;</p><p>Orekhovyy bul’var 28, Moscow, 115682</p><p>tel.: (495) 708-35-76</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_avdeev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Министерства здравоохранения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Healthcare Ministry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University), Healthcare Ministry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения; Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare; Federal Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>613</fpage><lpage>626</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Архипов В.В., Айсанов З.P., Авдеев C.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Архипов В.В., Айсанов З.P., Авдеев C.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Arkhipov V.V., Aisanov Z.R., Avdeev S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2881">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2881</self-uri><abstract><sec><title> </title><p> </p><p>Подходы к терапии бронхиальной астмы (БА) совершенствуются с каждым годом, однако проблема контроля над ней по-прежнему остается актуальной. Ключевую роль в терапии БА играют комбинации ингаляционных глюкокортикостероидов (иГКС) и длительно действующих β2-агонистов (ДДБА), однако в реальной практике такая терапия зачастую оказывается недостаточно эффективной и уровень контроля над БА в популяции остается низким. При оптимизации использования этих препаратов, изменении привычных режимов терапии и внедрении в практику усовершенствованных ингаляторов могут улучшиться приверженность терапии и техника ингаляции, что, в свою очередь, влияет на эффективность терапии.</p><p>Целью исследования явилось описание ключевых характеристик выборки пациентов, получающих терапию БА в условиях реальной практики, и оценка факторов, влияющих на достижение ими контроля над БА, в т. ч. на приверженность терапии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В одномоментное кросс-секционное наблюдательное исследование, проведенное в 124 центрах оказания первичной медицинской помощи 22 городов Российской Федерации, были включены пациенты (n = 3 214) старше 18 лет с клиническим диагнозом БА, установленным ≥ 1 года назад, которые были способны выполнить спирометрический тест и заполнить опросники по приверженности ингаляторам (Test of the Adherence to Inhalers – TAI-12) и контролю над БА (Asthma Control Questionnaire – ACQ-5).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. По результатам оценки контроля над БА по ACQ-5 показано, что среди участников исследования преобладали больные с неконтролируемой БА – 56 %. Контролируемая и частично контролируемая БА диагностирована у 21 и 19 % соответственно. Еще у 4 % больных отмечалась тяжелая неконтролируемая БА. У 53,6 % больных при оценке по TAI-12 выявлен низкий уровень приверженности терапии. Доля пациентов с контролируемой БА и средняя частота обострений в год были достоверно ниже в подгруппах пациентов, получавших терапию комбинацией иГКС / ДДБА в виде экстрамелкодисперсного аэрозоля (ЭМДА) и комбинацией иГКС / формотерол в режиме единого ингалятора, по сравнению с базисной терапией фиксированными и свободными комбинациями иГКС и ДДБА.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Основными препятствиями для достижения контроля над БА являются низкая приверженность терапии, монотерапия иГКС, ошибки при выполнении ингаляций, БА с поражением малых дыхательных путей и нежелательные эффекты терапии иГКС. При назначении комбинации иГКС / ДДБА в виде ЭМДА в режиме единого ингалятора для базисной терапии и купирования симптомов (Maintenance and Reliever Therapy – MART) значимо увеличивается контроль над БА, снижается риск нежелательных явлений и повышается приверженность пациентов лечению. Возможной альтернативой для улучшения контроля над БА является назначение комбинаций иГКС / ДДБА для приема 1 раз в день.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Asthma management approaches are improving yearly, but the problem of asthma control is still acute. Combinations of inhaled glucocorticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β2-agonists (LABA) play a crucial role in asthma therapy, but their effectiveness in real practice can be insufficient, and asthma control level in the population remains low. Optimizing the use of these drugs, changing the usual therapy regimens, and implementing upgraded inhalers can improve adherence to treatment and inhalation technique, which affects the effectiveness of the therapy.</p><p>The study aimed to describe the key characteristics of the patient population getting asthma treatment in real clinical practice and assess factors influencing asthma control, including adherence to therapy.</p><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A single-stage cross-sectional observational study in 124 primary health care centers in 22 cities of the Russian Federation included 3,214 patients &gt; 18 years old, with a clinical diagnosis of asthma for at least 1 year, who were able to perform a spirometry test and fill out the ACQ-5 and TAI-12 questionnaires.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Assessment of asthma control with the ACQ-5 questionnaire showed that most patients had uncontrolled asthma (56%). Controlled and partially controlled asthma was diagnosed in 21 and 19% of patients, respectively. 4% of patients had severe uncontrolled asthma. The TAI questionnaire revealed low adherence to therapy in more than half of the patients (53.6%). The rate of patients with controlled asthma and the average annual frequency of exacerbations were significantly lower in subgroups of patients who received therapy with extrafine ICS/LABA and ICS/formoterol in single inhaler regimen, compared with controller therapy using fixed and free combinations of ICS and LABA.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The main causes of insufficient asthma control are low adherence to treatment, inhalation errors, monotherapy with ICS, asthma with small airways dysfunction, and adverse events associated with ICS. Prescribing the combinations of ICS/LABA in the form of extra-fine aerosol and using it in the Maintenance and Reliever Therapy (MART) regimen can significantly increase asthma control, reduce the risk of adverse events, and increase patient adherence to treatment. A potential alternative to improve asthma control is administering ICS-LABA combinations once daily.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>контроль над бронхиальной астмой</kwd><kwd>комбинации иГКС / ДДБА</kwd><kwd>MART</kwd><kwd>приверженность терапии</kwd><kwd>малые дыхательные пути</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>аsthma</kwd><kwd>asthma over control</kwd><kwd>ICS/LABA</kwd><kwd>MART</kwd><kwd>maintenance and reliever therapy</kwd><kwd>adherence to therapy</kwd><kwd>small airways</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Публикация осуществлена при поддержке ООО «Кьези Фармасьютикалс». Мнение автора может не совпадать с позицией компании. ООО «Кьези Фармасьютикалс» не несет ответственности за возможные нарушения авторских прав и иных прав третьих лиц в результате публикации и распространения данной информации.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This publication has been produced with the support of Chiesi Pharmaceuticals LLC. The opinion of the author may not be the same as the position of the company. Chiesi Pharmaceuticals LLC is not responsible for potential violations of copyright and other rights of third parties as a result of the publication and dissemination of this information.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bateman E.D., Boushey H.A., Bousquet J. et al. Can guideline-defined asthma control be achieved? The Gaining Optimal Asthma ControL study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 170 (8): 836–844. 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