<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-2662</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDITORIAL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска хронической обструктивной болезни легких</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивчик</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivchik</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокосов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokosov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янчина</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yanchina</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ходжаянц</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khodzhayants</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Разоренов</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Razorenov</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карлова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karlova</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>НИИ пульмонологии Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета им. акад. И.П.Павлова</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2003</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ивчик Т.В., Кокосов А.Н., Янчина Е.Д., Ходжаянц Н.Е., Разоренов Г.И., Киселева Е.А., Карлова Л.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ивчик Т.В., Кокосов А.Н., Янчина Е.Д., Ходжаянц Н.Е., Разоренов Г.И., Киселева Е.А., Карлова Л.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivchik T.V., Kokosov A.N., Yanchina E.D., Khodzhayants N.E., Razorenov G.I., Kiseleva E.A., Karlova L.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2662">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2662</self-uri><abstract><p>.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранов B.C., Баранова Е.В., Иващенко Т.Э., Асеев М.В. Геном человека и гены "предрасположенности". (Введение в предиктивную медицину). СПб: Интермедицина; 2000.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Баранов B.C., Баранова Е.В., Иващенко Т.Э., Асеев М.В. Геном человека и гены "предрасположенности". (Введение в предиктивную медицину). СПб: Интермедицина; 2000.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Способ прогнозирования развития обструктивного синдрома у больных хроническим бронхитом с учетом наследственных факторов. Метод. Рекомендации / Ивчик Т.В., Кокосов А.Н., Разоренов Г.И. и др. СПб: ГНЦП М3 РФ; 1998.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Способ прогнозирования развития обструктивного синдрома у больных хроническим бронхитом с учетом наследственных факторов. Метод. Рекомендации / Ивчик Т.В., Кокосов А.Н., Разоренов Г.И. и др. СПб: ГНЦП М3 РФ; 1998.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Роль наследственных факторов в прогнозировании риска развития бронхообструктивного синдрома в семьях больных хроническим бронхитом: Пособие для врачей / Ивчик Т.В., Кокосов А.Н., Разоренов Г.И. и др. СПб: НИИ пульмонологии ГМ У им.акад.И.П.Павлова; 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Роль наследственных факторов в прогнозировании риска развития бронхообструктивного синдрома в семьях больных хроническим бронхитом: Пособие для врачей / Ивчик Т.В., Кокосов А.Н., Разоренов Г.И. и др. СПб: НИИ пульмонологии ГМ У им.акад.И.П.Павлова; 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивчик Т.В., Кокосов А.Н., Разоренов Г.И. и др. Прогнозирование развития обструктивного синдрома у больных хроническим бронхитом с учетом наследственных факторов. Тер. арх. 2001; 3: 33-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ивчик Т.В., Кокосов А.Н., Разоренов Г.И. и др. Прогнозирование развития обструктивного синдрома у больных хроническим бронхитом с учетом наследственных факторов. Тер. арх. 2001; 3: 33-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Разоренов Г.И., Поддубский Г.А. Автоматизированная оценка и анализ состояния организма (медицинская статусметрия). Л.: Препринты ЛИИАН; 1985; ч.1-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Разоренов Г.И., Поддубский Г.А. Автоматизированная оценка и анализ состояния организма (медицинская статусметрия). Л.: Препринты ЛИИАН; 1985; ч.1-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткаченко Г.Б. Сколько мы платим за табак. К всемирному Дню без табачного дыма — 31 мая 1995 года. Данные Всемирной организации здравоохранения. В кн.: Серия докладов по политике в области охраны здоровья населения "Здоровье для всех — Все для здоровья в России"/ Под ред. А.К.Демина. М.; 1996. 28-155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ткаченко Г.Б. Сколько мы платим за табак. К всемирному Дню без табачного дыма — 31 мая 1995 года. Данные Всемирной организации здравоохранения. В кн.: Серия докладов по политике в области охраны здоровья населения "Здоровье для всех — Все для здоровья в России"/ Под ред. А.К.Демина. М.; 1996. 28-155.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ткаченко Г.Б. О ситуации, связанной с курением табака в России. Нижегород. мед. журн. 1998; 1: 7-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ткаченко Г.Б. О ситуации, связанной с курением табака в России. Нижегород. мед. журн. 1998; 1: 7-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хоменко А.Г. (ред.) Проблемы наследственности при болезнях легких. М.: Медицина; 1990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Хоменко А.Г. (ред.) Проблемы наследственности при болезнях легких. М.: Медицина; 1990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чучалин А.Г. Болезни курящего человека. Тер. арх. 1998; 3: 5-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Чучалин А.Г. Болезни курящего человека. Тер. арх. 1998; 3: 5-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чучалин А.Г. Эмфизема. В кн.: Хронические обструктивные болезни легких. М.: ЗАО "Изд-во БИНОМ"; СПб.: Невский Диалект; 1998. 6-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Чучалин А.Г. Эмфизема. В кн.: Хронические обструктивные болезни легких. М.: ЗАО "Изд-во БИНОМ"; СПб.: Невский Диалект; 1998. 6-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чучалин А.Г. Тяжелые формы бронхиальной астмы. Тер. арх. 2001; 3; 5-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Чучалин А.Г. Тяжелые формы бронхиальной астмы. Тер. арх. 2001; 3; 5-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чучалин А.Г. Клинические рекомендации по хронической обструктивной болезни легких. / Под ред. Н.Хмельковой. М.: НИИ пульмонологии М3 РФ; 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Чучалин А.Г. Клинические рекомендации по хронической обструктивной болезни легких. / Под ред. Н.Хмельковой. М.: НИИ пульмонологии М3 РФ; 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anto J.M., Sunyer Vermeire P., Vestbo J. Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 17(5): 982-994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anto J.M., Sunyer Vermeire P., Vestbo J. Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 17(5): 982-994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Attfield M.D., Hodous Т.К. Pulmonary function of US coal miners related to dust exposure estimates. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1992; 145: 605-609.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Attfield M.D., Hodous Т.К. Pulmonary function of US coal miners related to dust exposure estimates. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1992; 145: 605-609.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakke P.S., Baste V., Gulsvik A. Bronchial responsiveness in a Norwegian community. // Ibid. 1991; 143: 317-322.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakke P.S., Baste V., Gulsvik A. Bronchial responsiveness in a Norwegian community. // Ibid. 1991; 143: 317-322.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakke P.S., Baste V., Hanoa R., Gulsvik A. Prevalence of obstructive lung disease in a general population: relation to occupational title and exposure to some aitborne agents. Thorax 1991; 46: 863-870.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakke P.S., Baste V., Hanoa R., Gulsvik A. Prevalence of obstructive lung disease in a general population: relation to occupational title and exposure to some aitborne agents. Thorax 1991; 46: 863-870.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakke P .S., Hanoa R., Gulsvik A. Educational level and obstructive lung disease given smoking habits and occupational airborne exposure: a Norwegian community study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1995; 141: 1080-1088.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakke P .S., Hanoa R., Gulsvik A. Educational level and obstructive lung disease given smoking habits and occupational airborne exposure: a Norwegian community study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1995; 141: 1080-1088.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bascom R. Differential susceptibility to tobacco smoke: possisble mechanisms. Pharmacogenetics 1991; 1: 102-106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bascom R. Differential susceptibility to tobacco smoke: possisble mechanisms. Pharmacogenetics 1991; 1: 102-106.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bast A ., Haenen G.R.M .M ., Doelman C.J.A. Oxidants and antioxidants: state of the art. Am. J. Med. 1991; 91: 2-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bast A ., Haenen G.R.M .M ., Doelman C.J.A. Oxidants and antioxidants: state of the art. Am. J. Med. 1991; 91: 2-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Britten N ., Davies J.M.C., Colley J.R.T. Early respiratory experience and subsequent cough and peak expiratory flow rate in 36 year old men and women. Br. Med. J. 1987; 294: 1317-1320.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Britten N ., Davies J.M.C., Colley J.R.T. Early respiratory experience and subsequent cough and peak expiratory flow rate in 36 year old men and women. Br. Med. J. 1987; 294: 1317-1320.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Butland B.K., Fehily A.M ., Elwood P.C. Diet, lung function, and lung function decline in a cohort of 2512 middle aged men. Thorax 2000; 55 (10): 2108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butland B.K., Fehily A.M ., Elwood P.C. Diet, lung function, and lung function decline in a cohort of 2512 middle aged men. Thorax 2000; 55 (10): 2108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Camili A.E., Burrows B., Knudson R.J. et al. Longitudinal changes in forced expiratiry volume in one second in adalts. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1987; 135: 794-799.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Camili A.E., Burrows B., Knudson R.J. et al. Longitudinal changes in forced expiratiry volume in one second in adalts. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1987; 135: 794-799.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cantin A., Crystal R.G. Oxidants, antioxidants and the pathogenesis of emphisema. Eur. J. Respir. Dis. 1985; 66: 7-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cantin A., Crystal R.G. Oxidants, antioxidants and the pathogenesis of emphisema. Eur. J. Respir. Dis. 1985; 66: 7-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carrozzi L. et al. Family history for chronic lung disease and epidemiological determinants of COPD in three European Countriae. ERS Rev. 2001; 11 (80): 49-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carrozzi L. et al. Family history for chronic lung disease and epidemiological determinants of COPD in three European Countriae. ERS Rev. 2001; 11 (80): 49-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carta P., Aru G.X., Barbieri M .T. et al. Dust exposure, respiratory symptoms, and longitudinal decline of lung function in young coal miners. Occup. Environ. Med. 1996; 53: 321-319.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carta P., Aru G.X., Barbieri M .T. et al. Dust exposure, respiratory symptoms, and longitudinal decline of lung function in young coal miners. Occup. Environ. Med. 1996; 53: 321-319.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen L., Yang W., Jennison B.L., Omaye S.T. Air particulate pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Reno, Nevada. Inhal. Toxicol. 2000; 12 (4): 281-298.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen L., Yang W., Jennison B.L., Omaye S.T. Air particulate pollution and hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Reno, Nevada. Inhal. Toxicol. 2000; 12 (4): 281-298.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Horne S.L., Dosman J.A. Increased susceptibility to lung dysfunction in female smokers. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1991; 143: 1224-1230.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y., Horne S.L., Dosman J.A. Increased susceptibility to lung dysfunction in female smokers. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1991; 143: 1224-1230.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Breithaupt K., M uhajarine N. Occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Canadians and sex-related risk factors. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2000; 53 (7): 755-761.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y., Breithaupt K., M uhajarine N. Occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among Canadians and sex-related risk factors. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2000; 53 (7): 755-761.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Confronting COPD in North America and Europe A survey of patients and doctors in eight countries: Executive Summary. 2001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Confronting COPD in North America and Europe A survey of patients and doctors in eight countries: Executive Summary. 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dalphin J.C., Polio J.C., Pernet D. et al. Influence of barn drying of folder on respiratory symptoms and function in dairy farmers of the Doubs region of France. Thorax 1994; 49: 50-53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dalphin J.C., Polio J.C., Pernet D. et al. Influence of barn drying of folder on respiratory symptoms and function in dairy farmers of the Doubs region of France. Thorax 1994; 49: 50-53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Editorial. Fish oil. Lancet 1988; 1 (8594): 1081-1083.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Editorial. Fish oil. Lancet 1988; 1 (8594): 1081-1083.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Godoy I., Castro de Silva M.H., Togashi R.H. et al. Is chronic hypoxemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with more marked nutritional deficiency? A study of the fat-free mass evaluated by anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance methods. J. Nutr. Hlth Aging 2000; 4 (2): 102-108.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Godoy I., Castro de Silva M.H., Togashi R.H. et al. Is chronic hypoxemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with more marked nutritional deficiency? A study of the fat-free mass evaluated by anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance methods. J. Nutr. Hlth Aging 2000; 4 (2): 102-108.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hnizdo E. Loss of lung function associated with exposure to silica dust and with smoking and its relation to disability and mortality in South African gold minners. Br. J. Industr. Med. 1992; 49: 472-479.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hnizdo E. Loss of lung function associated with exposure to silica dust and with smoking and its relation to disability and mortality in South African gold minners. Br. J. Industr. Med. 1992; 49: 472-479.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoffman P., Mest H.J. What about the effects of dietary lipids on endogeneous prostanoid systhesis? A state-of-the-art review. Biomed. Biochim. Acta 1987; 7: 639-650.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoffman P., Mest H.J. What about the effects of dietary lipids on endogeneous prostanoid systhesis? A state-of-the-art review. Biomed. Biochim. Acta 1987; 7: 639-650.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hubert H.B., Fabsitz R.R., Feinleib M, Gwinn C. Genetic and environmental influences on pulmonary function in adult twins. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1982; 125: 409-415.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hubert H.B., Fabsitz R.R., Feinleib M, Gwinn C. Genetic and environmental influences on pulmonary function in adult twins. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1982; 125: 409-415.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivtchik T., Mkheidze M ., Kokosov A. et al. The research for genetic marcers of predisposition to chronic bronchitis (CB). Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 1996; Apr.: Absracts of the 28th meeting of the ESHG (Lond.) 9.097 (P. 140).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivtchik T., Mkheidze M ., Kokosov A. et al. The research for genetic marcers of predisposition to chronic bronchitis (CB). Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 1996; Apr.: Absracts of the 28th meeting of the ESHG (Lond.) 9.097 (P. 140).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kauffmann F., Drouet D., Lellouch J., Brille D. Occupational exposure and 12-yr spirometric changes among Paris area workers. Br. J. Industr. Med. 1982; 39: 221-232.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kauffmann F., Drouet D., Lellouch J., Brille D. Occupational exposure and 12-yr spirometric changes among Paris area workers. Br. J. Industr. Med. 1982; 39: 221-232.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kerstens H .A.M ., Rijcken B., Schouten J.P., Postma D.S. Decline of FEV| by age and smoking status: facts, figures and fallacies. Thorax 1997; 52: 820-827.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kerstens H .A.M ., Rijcken B., Schouten J.P., Postma D.S. Decline of FEV| by age and smoking status: facts, figures and fallacies. Thorax 1997; 52: 820-827.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krzizanowski AL, Jedrychowski W., Wysocki M. Occupational exposures and changes in pulmonary function over 13 years among residents of Cracow. Br. J. Industr. Med. 1988; 45: 747-754.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krzizanowski AL, Jedrychowski W., Wysocki M. Occupational exposures and changes in pulmonary function over 13 years among residents of Cracow. Br. J. Industr. Med. 1988; 45: 747-754.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewis S., Bekket J., Richards K., Britton J. A cross sectional study of the independent effect of occupation on lung function in British coal minners. Occup. Environ. Med. 1996; 53: 125-128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewis S., Bekket J., Richards K., Britton J. A cross sectional study of the independent effect of occupation on lung function in British coal minners. Occup. Environ. Med. 1996; 53: 125-128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lomas D.A., Silverman E.K. The genetics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir. Res. 2001; 2 (1): 20-26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lomas D.A., Silverman E.K. The genetics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir. Res. 2001; 2 (1): 20-26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maier K.L. How the lung deals with oxidants. Eur. Respir. J. 1993; 6: 334-336.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maier K.L. How the lung deals with oxidants. Eur. Respir. J. 1993; 6: 334-336.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martinez F.D., Morgan W.J., Wright A.L. et al. Initial airway function is a risk factor for recurrent wheezing respiratory illnesses during the fist three years of life. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1991; 143: 312-316.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martinez F.D., Morgan W.J., Wright A.L. et al. Initial airway function is a risk factor for recurrent wheezing respiratory illnesses during the fist three years of life. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1991; 143: 312-316.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mayer A .S., Newman L.S. Genetic and environmental modulation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir. Physiol. 2001; 128(1): 3-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayer A .S., Newman L.S. Genetic and environmental modulation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir. Physiol. 2001; 128(1): 3-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Menezes A.M .B., Victora C.G., Rigatto M. Prevalence and risk factors for chronic bronchitis in Pelotas, RS, Brazil: a populationbased study. Thorax 1994; 49: 1217-1221.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Menezes A.M .B., Victora C.G., Rigatto M. Prevalence and risk factors for chronic bronchitis in Pelotas, RS, Brazil: a populationbased study. Thorax 1994; 49: 1217-1221.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nejjari C., Tessier J.F., Dartigues J.F. et al. The relationship between dyspnoea and main lifetime occupation in the elderly. Int. Epidemiol. 1993; 22: 848-854.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nejjari C., Tessier J.F., Dartigues J.F. et al. The relationship between dyspnoea and main lifetime occupation in the elderly. Int. Epidemiol. 1993; 22: 848-854.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Omenaas E., Bakke P., Eide G.E. et al. Total serym IgE and FEV| by respiratory symptoms and obstructive lung disease in adults of a Norwegian community. Clin. Exp. Allergy 1995; 25: 682-689.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Omenaas E., Bakke P., Eide G.E. et al. Total serym IgE and FEV| by respiratory symptoms and obstructive lung disease in adults of a Norwegian community. Clin. Exp. Allergy 1995; 25: 682-689.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Packer J.E., Slater T.F., Willson R.L. Direct observation of a free radical interaction between vitamin E and vitamin C. Nature 1979; 278: 737-738.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Packer J.E., Slater T.F., Willson R.L. Direct observation of a free radical interaction between vitamin E and vitamin C. Nature 1979; 278: 737-738.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Post W.K., Heederik D., Kromhout H., Kromhout D. Occupational exposures estimated by a population specific job exposure matrix and 25 year incidence rate of chronic nonspecific lung disease (CNSLD) — The Zutphen study. Eur Respir. J. 1994; 7: 1048-1055.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Post W.K., Heederik D., Kromhout H., Kromhout D. Occupational exposures estimated by a population specific job exposure matrix and 25 year incidence rate of chronic nonspecific lung disease (CNSLD) — The Zutphen study. Eur Respir. J. 1994; 7: 1048-1055.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prescott E., Bjerg A.M ., Andersen P.K. et al. Gender difference in smoking effects on lung function and risk of hospitalization for COPD: results from a Danish longitudinal population study. Ibid. 1997; 10 (4): 822-827.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prescott E., Bjerg A.M ., Andersen P.K. et al. Gender difference in smoking effects on lung function and risk of hospitalization for COPD: results from a Danish longitudinal population study. Ibid. 1997; 10 (4): 822-827.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prescott E., Lange P., Vestbo J. Socioeconomic status, lung function and admission to hospital for COPD: results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Ibid. 1999; 13 (5): 1109—1114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prescott E., Lange P., Vestbo J. Socioeconomic status, lung function and admission to hospital for COPD: results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Ibid. 1999; 13 (5): 1109—1114.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prescott E., Lange P., Vestbo J. Socioeconomic status, lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax, 2000; 54: 737-741.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prescott E., Lange P., Vestbo J. Socioeconomic status, lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax, 2000; 54: 737-741.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rijcken B., Britton J. Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. / Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. Monograph. 1998; 3(7): 41-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rijcken B., Britton J. Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. / Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. Monograph. 1998; 3(7): 41-73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandford A.J., Weir T.D., Pare P.D. Genetic risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 1997- 10-1380-1391.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandford A.J., Weir T.D., Pare P.D. Genetic risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 1997- 10-1380-1391.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandford A.J., Pare P.D. Genetic risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin. Chest Med. 2000; 21 (4)- 633-643.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandford A.J., Pare P.D. Genetic risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin. Chest Med. 2000; 21 (4)- 633-643.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Satterthwaite S.J. The right time to give up. Advising women on smoking in pregnancy. Prof. Nurse 1993; 8 (4): 244-246.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Satterthwaite S.J. The right time to give up. Advising women on smoking in pregnancy. Prof. Nurse 1993; 8 (4): 244-246.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwartz J., Weiss S.T. Relationship between dietary vitamin С intake and pulmonary function in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1994; 59: 110-114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwartz J., Weiss S.T. Relationship between dietary vitamin С intake and pulmonary function in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1994; 59: 110-114.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwartz J. Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lung disease. Ibid. 2000; 71(suppl.): 393-396.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwartz J. Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lung disease. Ibid. 2000; 71(suppl.): 393-396.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sherrill D.L., Lebowitz M.D. et al. Longitudinal evaluation of the association between pulmonary function and total serum IgE. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1995; 152: 98-102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sherrill D.L., Lebowitz M.D. et al. Longitudinal evaluation of the association between pulmonary function and total serum IgE. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1995; 152: 98-102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sibile V., Reynolds H.Y. Macrophages and polymophonuclear neutrophils in lung disease and injury. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1990; 141: 471-501.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sibile V., Reynolds H.Y. Macrophages and polymophonuclear neutrophils in lung disease and injury. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1990; 141: 471-501.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silverman E.K. Genetics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Novartis Found. Symp. 2001; 234: 45-58; discus. 58-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silverman E.K. Genetics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Novartis Found. Symp. 2001; 234: 45-58; discus. 58-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smid Т., Heederik D., Houba R., Quanjer P.H. Dust and endotoxin-related respiratory effects in the animal feed industry. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1992; 146: 1474-1479.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smid Т., Heederik D., Houba R., Quanjer P.H. Dust and endotoxin-related respiratory effects in the animal feed industry. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1992; 146: 1474-1479.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smit H.A., Grievink L., Tabak C. Dietary influences on chronic obstructive lung disease and asthma: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 1999; 58 (2): 309-319.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smit H.A., Grievink L., Tabak C. Dietary influences on chronic obstructive lung disease and asthma: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 1999; 58 (2): 309-319.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smit H.A., Ocke M.C., Heederik D. et al. Diet and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: independent beneficial effects of fruits, whole grains, and alcohol (the M ORGEN study). Clin. Exp. Allergy 2001; 31 (5): 747-755.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smit H.A., Ocke M.C., Heederik D. et al. Diet and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: independent beneficial effects of fruits, whole grains, and alcohol (the M ORGEN study). Clin. Exp. Allergy 2001; 31 (5): 747-755.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Snider G.L. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: risk factors, pathophysiology and pathogenesis. Ann. Rev. Med. 1989; 40: 411-429.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snider G.L. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: risk factors, pathophysiology and pathogenesis. Ann. Rev. Med. 1989; 40: 411-429.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Snider G.L. Emphysema: the first two centuries and beyond. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1992; 146: 1615-1622.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snider G.L. Emphysema: the first two centuries and beyond. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1992; 146: 1615-1622.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soyseth V., Kongerud J., Boe J. Postnatal maternal smoking increases the prevalence of asthma but not of bronchial hyperresponsiveness or atopy in their children. Chest 1995; 107(2)-389-394.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soyseth V., Kongerud J., Boe J. Postnatal maternal smoking increases the prevalence of asthma but not of bronchial hyperresponsiveness or atopy in their children. Chest 1995; 107(2)-389-394.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stein C.E., Kumaran K., Fall C.H. et al. Relation of fetal growth to adult lung function in south India. Thorax 1997; 52: 895-899.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stein C.E., Kumaran K., Fall C.H. et al. Relation of fetal growth to adult lung function in south India. Thorax 1997; 52: 895-899.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tabak C., Smit H.A., Rasanen L. et al. Dietary factors and pulmonary function: a cross sectional study in middle aged men from three European countries. Ibid. 1999; 54: 1021-1026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tabak C., Smit H.A., Rasanen L. et al. Dietary factors and pulmonary function: a cross sectional study in middle aged men from three European countries. Ibid. 1999; 54: 1021-1026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tabak C., Arts I.C., Smit H.A. et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and intake of catechins, flavonols, and flavones: the MORGEN Study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 164 (1): 61-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tabak C., Arts I.C., Smit H.A. et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and intake of catechins, flavonols, and flavones: the MORGEN Study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 164 (1): 61-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tager I.B., Hanrahan J.P., Tosteson T.D. et al. Lung function, pre- and postnatal smoke exposure, and wheezing in the first year of life. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993; 147: 811-817.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tager I.B., Hanrahan J.P., Tosteson T.D. et al. Lung function, pre- and postnatal smoke exposure, and wheezing in the first year of life. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993; 147: 811-817.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Viegi G., Prediletto R., Paoletti P. et al. Respiratory effects of occupational exposure in a general population sample in north Italy. Ibid. 1991; 143 (3): 510-515.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viegi G., Prediletto R., Paoletti P. et al. Respiratory effects of occupational exposure in a general population sample in north Italy. Ibid. 1991; 143 (3): 510-515.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu X., Weiss S .Т., Rijcken B., Schouten J.P. Smoking changes in smoking habits, and rate of decline in FEVj: new insight into gender differences. Eur. Respir. J. 1994; 7: 1056-1061.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu X., Weiss S .Т., Rijcken B., Schouten J.P. Smoking changes in smoking habits, and rate of decline in FEVj: new insight into gender differences. Eur. Respir. J. 1994; 7: 1056-1061.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Young S., Arnott J., Le Souef P.N., Landau L.I. Flow limitation during tidal expiration in symptom-free infants and the subsequent development of asthma. J. Paediatr. 1994; 124(5, pt 1)-681-688.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Young S., Arnott J., Le Souef P.N., Landau L.I. Flow limitation during tidal expiration in symptom-free infants and the subsequent development of asthma. J. Paediatr. 1994; 124(5, pt 1)-681-688.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
