pulmoПульмонологияPULMONOLOGIYA0869-01892541-9617Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC10.18093/0869-0189-2022-2419pulmo-2419Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWРоль факторов метаболического синдрома в патогенезе респираторных нарушенийThe role of metabolic syndrome factors in the pathogenesis of respiratory disordershttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9478-3429ВоронковаО. В.VoronkovaO. V.

Воронкова Ольга Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой биологии и генетики.

634050, Томск, Московский тракт, 2

тел.: (3822) 90-11-01 (доб. 1945

Olga V. Voronkova - Doctor of Medicine, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Biology and Genetics, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Siberian State Medical University”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation.

Moskovskiy trakt 2, Tomsk, 634050

tel.: (3822) 90-11-01 (add. 1945)

Voronkova-ov@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-9786БирулинаЮ. Г.BirulinaYu. G.

Бирулина Юлия Георгиевна – кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры биофизики и функциональной диагностики.

634050, Томск, Московский тракт, 2

тел.: (3822) 90-11-01 (доб. 1912)

Yulia G. Birulina - Candidate of Biology, Associate Professor, Department of Biophysics and Functional Diagnostics, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Siberian State Medical University”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation.

Moskovskiy trakt 2, Tomsk, 634050

tel.: (3822) 90-11-01 (add. 1912)

birulina20@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9011-8720СапринаТ. В.SaprinaT. V.

Саприна Татьяна Владимировна - доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий эндокринологическим отделением клиник, профессор кафедры факультетской терапии с курсом клинической фармакологии.

634050, Томск, Московский тракт, 2

тел.: (3822) 90-11-01 (доб. 1900)

Tatyana V. Saprina - Doctor of Medicine, Associate Professor, Head of the Endocrinology Department of Clinics, Professor, Department of Faculty Therapy with a Course of Clinical Pharmacology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Siberian State Medical University”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation.

Moskovskiy trakt 2,  Tomsk, 634050

tel.: (3822) 90-11-01 (add. 1900)

tanja.v.saprina@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-2878ЕсимоваИ. Е.EsimovaI. E.

Есимова Ирина Евгеньевна - доктор медицинских наук, старший преподаватель кафедры биохимии и молекулярной биологии с курсом клинической лабораторной диагностики, старший преподаватель кафедры биологии и генетики.

634050, Томск, Московский тракт, 2

тел.: (3822) 90-11-01 (доб. 1946)

Irina E. Esimova - Doctor of Medicine, Senior Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology with a course of clinical laboratory diagnostics, Senior Lecturer, Department of Biology and Genetics, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Siberian State Medical University”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation.

Moskovskiy trakt 2,  Tomsk, 634050

tel.: (3822) 90-11-01 (add. 1946)

orevi@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4873-7680ОсиховИ. А.OsikhovI. A.

Осихов Иван Анатольевич – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры биологии и генетики.

634050, Томск, Московский тракт, 2

тел.: (3822) 90-11-01 (доб. 1946)

Ivan A. Osikhov - Candidate of Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of Biology and Genetics, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Siberian State Medical University”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation.

Moskovskiy trakt 2,  Tomsk, 634050

tel.: (3822) 90-11-01 (add. 1946)

osikhov.25-88@ya.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Сибирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Siberian State Medical University”, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202302082023334552558Copyright © Воронкова О.В., Бирулина Ю.Г., Саприна Т.В., Есимова И.Е., Осихов И.А., 20232023Воронкова О.В., Бирулина Ю.Г., Саприна Т.В., Есимова И.Е., Осихов И.А.Voronkova O.V., Birulina Y.G., Saprina T.V., Esimova I.E., Osikhov I.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2419

Для клинической медицины проблема осложнений, развивающихся при метаболическом синдроме, является актуальной и требует мультидисциплинарного подхода, поскольку сам метаболический синдром давно перешел из сферы интересов эндокринологов и кардиологов в общемедицинскую практику. Наиболее часто при метаболическом синдроме развиваются сердечно-сосудистые и цереброваскулярные осложнения. В настоящее время одним из обсуждаемых является вопрос о влиянии компонентов метаболического синдрома на состояние органов дыхания. Установлена эпидемиологическая связь висцерального ожирения и инсулинорезистентности с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких, бронхиальной астмой и синдромом обструктивного апноэ / гипопноэ сна. Несмотря на то, что нарушения функции внешнего дыхания у пациентов с клиническими эквивалентами метаболического синдрома встречаются часто, их патогенез изучен недостаточно. Целью работы явился анализ роли отдельных, наиболее значимых компонентов (патогенетических факторов) метаболического синдрома в патогенезе нарушений системы внешнего дыхания. Заключение. Клинико-лабораторные эквиваленты метаболического синдрома, такие как ожирение, гипергликемия и гиперинсулинемия, способствуют нарушению функции внешнего дыхания. Наиболее обсуждаемым процессом, который объединяет компоненты метаболического синдрома и ассоциированные с ним осложнения, является хроническое системное воспаление. В обзоре представлена концептуальная схема патогенеза респираторных нарушений при метаболическом синдроме, демонстрирующая роль его факторов в формировании качественных изменений аэрогематической мембраны и снижении диффузионной способности легких. Сформулирован ряд нерешенных вопросов, связанных с патогенезом нарушений функции внешнего дыхания при метаболическом синдроме, а также подчеркнута актуальность проведения экспериментальных исследований ранних механизмов формирования легочных нарушений с использованием животных моделей.

For clinical medicine the problem of complications associated with the metabolic syndrome is significant and requires a multidisciplinary approach, since the metabolic syndrome itself has long since moved from the sphere of interest of endocrinologists and cardiologists to general medical practice. Most commonly, the metabolic syndrome leads to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. One of the topics currently under discussion is the question of the influence of the components of the metabolic syndrome on the condition of the respiratory system. An epidemiological association between visceral obesity and insulin resistance with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, and obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome has been established. Although respiratory disorders are common in patients with clinical equivalents of the metabolic syndrome, their pathogenesis is not well understood. Aim of the study was to analyze the role of individual most significant components (pathogenetic factors) of the metabolic syndrome in the pathogenesis of respiratory disorders. Conclusion. Clinical and laboratory equivalents of the metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia, contribute to respiratory function impairment. The most discussed process that combines the components of the metabolic syndrome and its associated complications is chronic systemic inflammation. The review presents a conceptual scheme of the pathogenesis of respiratory disease in the metabolic syndrome and highlights the role of its factors in the development of qualitative changes in the air-blood barrier and a decrease in the diffusion capacity of the lungs. The authors pointed out a number of unresolved issues in the pathogenesis of respiratory disorders in the metabolic syndrome and also emphasized the relevance of experimental studies of early mechanisms of lung disease development using animal models.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.