pulmoПульмонологияPULMONOLOGIYA0869-01892541-9617Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC10.18093/0869-0189-2021-31-3-348-354pulmo-2371Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWToll-подобные рецепторы в патофизиологии бронхиальной астмыToll-like receptors in pathophysiology of asthmahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-0271КытиковаО. Ю.KytikovаO. Yu.

Кытикова Оксана Юрьевна – д. м. н., научный сотрудник лаборатории восстановительного лечения Владивостокского филиала

690105, Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73Гтел.: (423) 278-82-01

Oxana Yu. Kytikova, Doctor of Medicine, Researcher, Laboratory of Rehabilitation Treatment

ul. Russkaya 73G, Vladivostok, 690105tel.: (423) 278-82-01

kytikova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-201XНовгородцеваТ. П.NovgorodtsevaT. P.

Новгородцева Татьяна Павловна – д. м. н., профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории биомедицинских исследований

690105, Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73Гтел.: (423) 2788-202

Tatyana P. Novgorodtseva, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Deputy Director for science, Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Biomedical researches

ul. Russkaya 73G, Vladivostok, 690105tel.: (423) 2788-202

nauka@niivl.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4130-8899ДенисенкоЮ. К.DenisenkoYu. K.

Денисенко Юлия Константиновна – д. б. н., заместитель директора по науке, заведующая лабораторией биомедицинских исследований

690105, Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73Гтел.: (423) 278-82-01

Yulia K. Denisenko, Doctor of Biology, Deputy Director for science, Head of the Laboratory of biomedical research

ul. Russkaya 73G, Vladivostok, 690105tel.: (423) 278-82-01

karaman@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2492-3198АнтонюкМ. В.AntonyukM. V.

Антонюк Марина Владимировна – д. м. н., профессор, заведующая лабораторией восстановительного лечения

690105, Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73Гтел.: (423) 278-82-01

Marina V. Antonyuk, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of rehabilitation treatment

ul. Russkaya 73G, Vladivostok, 690105tel.: (423) 278-82-01

antonyukm@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-9840ГвозденкоТ. А.GvozdenkoT. A.

Гвозденко Татьяна Александровна – д. м. н., профессор Российской академии наук, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории восстановительного лечения

690105, Владивосток, ул. Русская, 73Гтел.: (423) 278-82-01

Tatyana A. Gvozdenko, Doctor of Medicine, Professor of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Researcher, Laboratory of rehabilitation treatment

ul. Russkaya 73G, Vladivostok, 690105tel.: (423) 278-82-01

vfdnz@mail.ruВладивостокский филиал Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Дальневосточный научный центр физиологии и патологии дыхания» – Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской климатологии и восстановительного леченияРоссияVladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology of Respiration – Research Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitation TreatmentRussian Federation202110062021313348354Copyright © Кытикова О.Ю., Новгородцева Т.П., Денисенко Ю.К., Антонюк М.В., Гвозденко Т.А., 20212021Кытикова О.Ю., Новгородцева Т.П., Денисенко Ю.К., Антонюк М.В., Гвозденко Т.А.Kytikovа O.Y., Novgorodtseva T.P., Denisenko Y.K., Antonyuk M.V., Gvozdenko T.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2371

В течение последнего десятилетия темой значительного числа исследований явилась роль в патогенезе заболеваний дыхательных путей (ДП) Toll-подобных рецепторов (Toll-like-reseptors – TLRs). Представлены данные о том, что TLRs-сигнализация может быть направлена как на успешное нивелирование воспалительной реакции в ДП, так и на ее развитие и усугубление. Бронхиальная астма (БА) – хроническое воспалительное заболевание ДП, обусловленное влиянием генетических факторов, аллергенов или микробных агентов, в патогенезе которого важную роль играют TLRs. TLRs распознают широкий спектр микробных, эндогенных молекул и аллергенов воздушной среды, оказывая влияние на аллергическую сенсибилизацию. Важной особенностью TLRs является их участие в развитии иммунного ответа на вирусные и бактериальные инфекции, вызывающие тяжелые обострения БА. TLRs экспрессируются на кроветворных и негемопоэтических клетках ДП, которые при активации агонистами TLRs играют иммуномодулирующую роль в развитии БА. TLRs в настоящее время используются в качестве возможных мишеней для разработки лекарств по приине их участия во врожденном и адаптивном иммунитете и способности к регуляции адаптивного Th-ответа. Понимание механизмов и путей, с помощью которых TLRs участвуют в патогенезе БА, способствует созданию новых стратегий контроля над БА.

In the last decade, significant research has been focused on Toll-like reseptors (TLRs) in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. The presented data show that TLR-mediated signaling can be directed both at the successful alleviation of the inflammatory reaction in the respiratory tract, and at its development and aggravation. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract caused by genetic factors, allergens, or microbial agents. TLRs play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. TLRs recognize a wide range of microbial molecules, endogenous molecules, and air allergens and modulate the allergic sensitization. An important feature of TLRs is their participation in the development of an immune response to viral and bacterial infections that cause severe exacerbations of asthma. TLRs are expressed on hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic airway cells, which play an immunomodulatory role in the development of asthma when activated by TLRs agonists. Due to the involvement of TLRs in innate and adaptive immunity and the ability to regulate adaptive Th-response, these receptors are currently being used as possible targets for drug development. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms and ways in which TLRs are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma may suggest new strategies for controlling the disease.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.