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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2021-31-1-109-115</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-2273</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЗАМЕТКИ ИЗ ПРАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICAL NOTES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рефрактерная одышка у пациента в терминальной стадии идиопатического легочного фиброза (клиническое наблюдение в отделении паллиативной помощи)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Refractory Dyspnea in a Patient with End-Stage Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (Palliative Care unit Case Study)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8821-2195</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Невзорова</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nevzorova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Невзорова Диана Владимировна - кандидат медицинских наук, директор Федерального научно-практического центра паллиативной медицинской помощи.119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2.тел.: (495) 609-14-00</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Diana V. Nevzorova - Candidate of Medicine, Director, Scientific and Practical Center for Palliative Medical Care, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Healthcare Ministry of Russia.ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991.tel.: (495) 609-14-00</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">NevzorovaDV@palliumpro.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1111-2441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сидоров Александр Вячеславович - доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник Первого МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова МЗ РФ (Сеченовский Университет); заведующий кафедрой фармакогнозии и фармацевтической технологии ЯГМУ МЗ РФ.119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; 150000, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, 5.тел.: (495) 609-14-00</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Sidorov - Doctor of Medicine, Head of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Yaroslavl' State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia, Senior Researcher, Scientific and Practical Center for Palliative Medical Care, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Healthcare Ministry of Russia.ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991. Revolyutsionnaya ul. 5, Yaroslavl', 150000.tel.: (495) 609-14-00</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sidorovav@palliumpro.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3845-9496</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устинова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustinova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Устинова Анастасия Игоревна - младший научный сотрудник.119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2.тел.: (495) 609-14-00</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasiya I. Ustinova - Junior Researcher, Scientific and Practical Center for Palliative Medical Care, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Healthcare Ministry of Russia.ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991.tel.: (495) 609-14-00</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ustinovaai@palliumpro.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Морев Андрей Владимирович - заведующий отделением паллиативной помощи Федерального научно-практического центра паллиативной медицинской помощи.119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2.тел.: (499) 245-42-13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Morev - Head of the Palliative Care Department of the Federal Scientific and Practical Center for Palliative Medical Care, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Healthcare Ministry of Russia.ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991.tel.: (499) 245-42-13</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">opmpukb4@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8868-0044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кракауэр</surname><given-names>Э. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krakauer</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эрик Л. Кракауэр - доктор наук, директор глобальной программы паллиативной помощи, врач Отдела паллиативной помощи и гериатрии Департамента медицины Массачусетской больницы общего профиля, доцент кафедры медицины, глобальной медицины и социальной медицины Гарвардской медицинской школы.641 Хантингтон-авеню, Бостон, Массачусетс, 02115.тел.: (617) 724-9197</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eric L. Krakauer - MD, PhD, Director, Global Palliative Care Program/ Physician, Division of Palliative Care&amp;Geriatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Assoc Professor of Medicine and of Global Health &amp; Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School.641 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115.tel.: (617) 724-9197</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekrakauer@hms.harvard.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6146-2706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абузарова</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abuzarova</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абузарова Гузель Рафаиловна - доктор медицинских наук, эксперт Федерального научно-практического центра паллиативной медицинской помощи.119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2.тел.: (495) 150-11-22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Guzel' R. Abuzarova - Doctor of Medicine, Scientific and Practical Center for Palliative Medical Care, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Healthcare Ministry of Russia.ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991.tel.: (495) 150-11-22</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">abuzarova_mnioi@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0332-2067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коннор</surname><given-names>С. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Connor</surname><given-names>S. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стивен Р. Коннор - PhD, исполнительный директор Всемирного альянса хосписной паллиативной помощи.WC1X 9JG, Лондон.тел.: (1703) 980-87-37</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stephen R. Connor - PhD, Executive Director, Worldwide Hospice Palliative Care Alliance.WC1X 9JG, London.tel.: (1703) 980-87-37</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sconnor@thewhpca.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4036-8232</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чвистек</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chwistek</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марсин Чвистек - MD, доцент кафедры гематологии и онкологии Онкологического центра Fox Chase.главный кампус, 19111-2497, 333 Коттоман авеню, Филадельфия, Пенсильвания.тел.: (888) 369-24-27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marcin Chwistek - MD, Associate Professor, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center.Main Campus, 19111-2497, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.tel.: (888) 369-24-27</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Marcin.Chwistek@fccc.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куняева</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kunyaeva</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куняева Татьяна Александровна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры амбулаторно-поликлинической терапии с курсом общественного здоровья и организации здравоохранения.430005, Республика Мордовия, Саранск, ул. Большевистская, 68.тел.: (8342) 24-37-32</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat'yana A. Kunyaeva - Candidate of Medicine, Associate Professor of the Department of Outpatient Polyclinic Therapy with the Course of Public Health and Health Organization, N.P. Ogarev National Research Mordovia State University, Science and Higher Education Ministry of Russian Federation.Bol'shevistskaya ul. 68, Republic of Mordovia, Saransk, 430005.tel.: (7834) 224-37-32</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kunya_eva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майкалсон</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Michaelson</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>София Майкалсон - исполнительный директор Американо-Евразийского Онкологического Альянса, Онкологический центр Fox Chase.333 Коттоман авеню, Филадельфия, Пенсильвания, 20155.тел.: (1317) 413-66-33</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sophia Michaelson - Executive Director, American Eurasian Cancer Alliance, Fox Chase Cancer Center.333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 20155.tel.: (1317) 413-66-33</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smichaelson8@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Healthcare Ministry of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет); Ярославский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Healthcare Ministry of Russia; Yaroslavl' State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гарвардская медицинская школа</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Harvard Medical School</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всемирный альянс хосписной паллиативной помощи</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Worldwide Hospice Palliative Care Alliance</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Онкологический центр Fox Chase</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Fox Chase Cancer Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет имени Н.П. Огарева Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.P. Ogarev National Research Mordovia State University, Science and Higher Education Ministry of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Американо-Евразийский онкологический альянс</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>American Eurasian Cancer Alliance, Fox Chase Cancer Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>109</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Невзорова Д.В., Сидоров А.В., Устинова А.И., Морев А.В., Кракауэр Э.Л., Абузарова Г.Р., Коннор С.Р., Чвистек М., Куняева Т.А., Майкалсон С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Невзорова Д.В., Сидоров А.В., Устинова А.И., Морев А.В., Кракауэр Э.Л., Абузарова Г.Р., Коннор С.Р., Чвистек М., Куняева Т.А., Майкалсон С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nevzorova D.V., Sidorov A.V., Ustinova A.I., Morev A.V., Krakauer E.L., Abuzarova G.R., Connor S.R., Chwistek M., Kunyaeva T.A., Michaelson S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2273">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2273</self-uri><abstract><p>Одышка у пациентов с идиопатическим легочным фиброзом (ИЛФ) представляет сложную терапевтическую задачу. Зарубежный опыт использования малых доз опиоидов для облегчения одышки у пациентов с прогрессирующими заболеваниями неоднозначно оценивается российскими специалистами. Представлено клиническое наблюдение пациента 83 лет с ИЛФ в терминальной стадии и рефрактерной одышкой, прогрессирующей дыхательной недостаточностью II—III степени, сочетанной патологией в форме стенокардии напряжения II функционального класса и сопутствующим органическим тревожным расстройством. Для купирования одышки пациенту предложены инъекции морфина в малой дозе (по 2 мг 5 раз в сутки подкожно). От пациента, который ранее не получал опиоиды, и его родственников получено предварительное согласие на использование морфина. В течение 1 нед. с момента госпитализации общее и психоэмоциональное состояние больного несколько улучшились, одышка уменьшилась, усиливаясь любой физической активности, ночной сон частично нормализовался, однако через 1 нед., находясь в тяжелом, но относительно стабильном состоянии, больной скончался от массивного носового кровотечения. Показано, что традиционным подходом для уменьшения одышки и связанной с ней ажитацией у пациентов с интерстициальными заболеваниями легких является применение глюкокортикостероидов и психотропной терапии в увеличивающихся дозах, в то время как в зарубежной паллиативной практике с целью купирования одышки у лиц с неонкологическим заболеванием используется терапия малыми дозами опиоидов, признанная успешной и безопасной. В отечественной практике при этом встречаются многочисленные организационные, медицинские и психологические барьеры. Таким образом, на основании доказательной базы клинических исследований и опыта отечественной и зарубежной клинической практики безопасного применения малых доз опиоидов показано, что в случае преодоления имеющихся барьеров следовало бы ожидать расширения арсенала средств эффективной терапии рефрактерной одышки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Treating dyspnea in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a challenge. The foreign experience of using low doses of opioids to relieve dyspnea in patients with progressing diseases is controversial among Russian specialists. The presented clinical case is an 83-year-old patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the terminal stage and refractory dyspnea, progressive respiratory failure of II - III degrees, and concomitant exertional angina II FC and organic anxiety disorder. The patient was offered low-dose morphine injections (2 mg 5 times a day subcutaneously) to relieve the shortness of breath. The patient, who had not previously received opioids, and his relatives gave prior consent to the use of morphine. Within a week from the moment of hospitalization, the general and psycho-emotional state of the patient improved, dyspnea decreased, and night sleep was partially normalized. However, а week later, being in a severe but relatively stable condition, the patient died from a massive nosebleed. Shown, that the traditional approach to reducing dyspnea and the associated agitation in patients with interstitial lung disease is the use of corticosteroids and psychotropic therapeutics in increasing doses. The use of low doses of opioids to relieve dyspnea in patients with non-cancer disease meets many organizational, medical, and psychological barriers. At the same time, this therapy is recognized as successful and safe in the foreign palliative practice. Overcoming the existing barriers based on the evidence from clinical trials, as well as the domestic and foreign clinical practice of the safe use of low doses of opioids would expand the arsenal of effective treatments for refractory dyspnea.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>идиопатический легочный фиброз</kwd><kwd>рефрактерная одышка</kwd><kwd>паллиативная медицинская помощь</kwd><kwd>опиоидные анальгетики</kwd><kwd>кислородотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis</kwd><kwd>refractory dyspnea</kwd><kwd>palliative care</kwd><kwd>opioid analgesics</kwd><kwd>oxygen therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Российское респираторное общество. Диагностика и лечение идиопатического легочного фиброза: Федеральные клинические рекомендации. М.; 2016. 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