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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2021-31-1-66-74</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-2268</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Место фиксированной комбинации индакатерола, гликопиррония и мометазона фуроата в терапии бронхиальной астмы. Заключение Совета экспертов Российского респираторного общества</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The position of the fixed combination of indacaterol, glycopyrronium, and mometasone furoate in the management of bronchial asthma. The Report of Expert Panel of Russian Respiratory Society</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4044-674X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айсанов</surname><given-names>З. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aisanov</surname><given-names>Z. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айсанов Заурбек Рамазанович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пульмонологии.117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1.тел.: (495) 965-34-66</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zaurbek R. Aisanov - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Department of Pulmonology, N.I. Pirogov Federal Russian National Research Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia.ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997.tel.: (495) 965-34-66</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aisanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5999-2150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдеев Сергей Николаевич - доктор медицинских наук, член-корреспондент Российской академии наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии Первого МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова МЗ РФ (Сеченовский Университет); руководитель клинического отдела НИИ пульмонологии ФМБА.119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; 115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28.тел.: (495) 708-35-76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Avdeev - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of Department of Pulmonology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia (Sechenov University); Head of Clinical Division, Federal Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia.ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991; Orekhovyy bul'var 28, Moscow, 115682.tel.: (495) 708-35-76</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_avdeev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белевский</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belevskiy</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белевский Андрей Станиславович - доктор медицинских наук., профессор, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии.117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1.тел.: (495) 963-2467</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey S. Belevskiy - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Postgraduate Physician Training, N.I. Pirogov Federal Russian National Research Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia, Head of Laboratory of Pulmonary Rehabilitation and Respiratory Health Research.ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997.tel.: (495) 963-24-67</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pulmobas@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5028-5276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Визель</surname><given-names>А. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vizel'</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Визель Александр Андреевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой фтизиопульмонологии.420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49.тел.: (987) 296-25-99SPIN: 5918-5465Author ID: 195447</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Vizel' - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of Phthisio-pulmonology Department, Kazan' State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia.ul. Butlerova 49, Kazan', 420012, Tatarstan Republic.tel.: (987) 296-25-99SPIN: 5918-5465Author ID: 195447</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lordara@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8574-6869</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emel'yanov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Емельянов Александр Викторович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии.191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41.тел.: (901) 970-71-88</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Emel'yanov - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of Department of Pulmonology, I.I. Mechnikov State North-West Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia.ul. Kirochnaya 41, Saint-Petersburg, 191015.tel.: (812) 970-71-88</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">emelav@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0877-6554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатова</surname><given-names>Г. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatova</surname><given-names>G. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игнатова Галина Львовна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой терапии Института дополнительного профессионального образования.454092, Челябинск, Воровского, 64.тел.: (351) 742-66-40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina L. Ignatova - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of Department of Therapy, Institute of Postgraduate Physician Training, South Ural State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia; Chief Pulmonologist of Ural Federal District.ul. Vorovskogo 64, Chelyabinsk, 454092.tel.: (351) 742-66-40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iglign@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбачева</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbacheva</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Курбачева Оксана Михайловна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая отделением бронхиальной астмы.115478, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24, корп. 2.тел.: (495) 618-24-60</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana M. Kurbacheva - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Federal Academic Center “Institute of Immunology”, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia.Kashirskoe shosse 24, Moscow, 115478.tel.: (495) 618-24-60</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kurbacheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лещенко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leshchenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лещенко Игорь Викторович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры фтизиатрии, пульмонологии и торакальной хирургии.620028, Екатеринбург, ул. Репина, 3.тел.: (343) 246-44-75</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor' V. Leshchenko - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Department of Phthisiology, Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Ural Federal State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia.ul. Repina 3, Ekaterinburg, 620028.tel.: (343) 246-44-75</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leshchenkoiv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ненашева</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nenasheva</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ненашева Наталья Михайловна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры клинической аллергологии.125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2 / 1, стр. 1.тел.: (499) 196-17-86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natal'ya M. Nenasheva - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Department of Clinical Allergology, Russian Medical Academy for Continuous Professional Education, Healthcare Ministry of Russia.ul. Barrikadnaya 2/1, Moscow, 123995.tel.: (499) 196-17-86</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">1444031@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овчаренко</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovcharenko</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Овчаренко Светлана Ивановна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры факультетской терапии № 1.119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2.тел.: (499) 248-56-67</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana I. Ovcharenko - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Faculty Therapy Department No.1, I.M. Sechenov Federal First Moscow State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia (Sechenov University).ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991.tel.: (916) 406-67-78</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetftk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Синопальников</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sinopal'nikov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Синопальников Александр Игоревич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии.125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2 / 1, стр. 1.тел.: (499) 728-83-69</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr I. Sinopal'nikov - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Russian Federal Academy of Continued Medical Education, Healthcare Ministry of Russia.ul. Barrikadnaya 2/1, Moscow, 123995.tel.: (499) 728-83-69</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aisyn@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4678-3904</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Титова Ольга Николаевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор Научно-исследовательского института пульмонологии.197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8.тел.: (812) 338-78-40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol'ga N. Titova - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Director of Pulmonology Research Institute, Academician I.P. Pavlov First Federal Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia.ul. L'va Tolstogo 6-8, Saint-Petersburg, 197089.tel.: (812) 338-78-40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">titova-on@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Federal Russian National Research Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет); Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Healthcare Ministry of Russia; Federal Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan' State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I. Mechnikov State North-West Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Ural State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии” Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center - Institute of Immunology Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Federal Academy of Continued Medical Education, Healthcare Ministry of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Healthcare Ministry of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-10"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician I.P.Pavlov Federal First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>74</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Айсанов З.Р., Авдеев С.Н., Белевский А.С., Визель А.A., Емельянов А.В., Игнатова Г.Л., Курбачева О.М., Лещенко И.В., Ненашева Н.М., Овчаренко С.И., Синопальников А.И., Титова О.Н., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Айсанов З.Р., Авдеев С.Н., Белевский А.С., Визель А.A., Емельянов А.В., Игнатова Г.Л., Курбачева О.М., Лещенко И.В., Ненашева Н.М., Овчаренко С.И., Синопальников А.И., Титова О.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aisanov Z.R., Avdeev S.N., Belevskiy A.S., Vizel' A.A., Emel'yanov A.V., Ignatova G.L., Kurbacheva O.M., Leshchenko I.V., Nenasheva N.M., Ovcharenko S.I., Sinopal'nikov A.I., Titova O.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2268">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2268</self-uri><abstract><p>Достижение контроля над бронхиальной астмой (БА) в реальной клинической практике остается нерешенной проблемой, несмотря на существенное расширение терапевтических возможностей в этом направлении. Рекомендации о том, когда и для кого должны использоваться те или иные методы лечения, продолжают расширяться. При увеличении дозы ингаляционного глюкокортикостероида (иГКС) в комбинации с длительно действующим β2-агонистом (ДДБА) далеко не всегда достигается желаемый результат, хотя при использовании единого ингалятора иГКС / ДДБА может улучшиться течение БА и повыситься приверженность терапии. При добавлении тиотро-пия бромида к иГКС / ДДБА требуется использование 2 ингаляторов, а назначение таргетной биологической терапии связано со сложностью фенотипирования и возможно только в специализированных медицинских центрах. Мометазона фуроат, индакатерола ацетат и гликопиррония бромид объединены в фиксированную комбинацию, доставляемую с помощью ингалятора Бризхалер® 1 раз в день для поддерживающей терапии БА. Этот способ лечения помогает реализовать потенциал базисной ингаляционной терапии БА и упростить достижение контроля над заболеванием в повседневной клинической практике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Achieving the control of bronchial asthma (BA) in real clinical practice remains an unresolved problem, despite the expansion of therapeutic options in this area. Guidelines about when and for whom should a particular treatment be used continue to develop. Increasing of inhaled corticosteroid dose (ICS) in combination with a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) does not always lead to the desired result, although a combined LABA-ICS inhaler could improve the course of asthma and increase adherence. The addition of tiotropium bromide to LABA-ICS requires the use of two inhalers. The targeted biological therapy is associated with the complexity of phenotyping and is possible only in specialized medical centers. Mometasone furoate, indacaterol acetate, and glycopyrronium bromide in fixed doses were combined in Breezhaler® inhaler for asthma maintenance therapy once per day. This way of treatment helps to realize full potential of maintenance inhalation therapy of bronchial asthma and to simplify the achievement of control over the disease in routine clinical practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>контроль</kwd><kwd>обострение</kwd><kwd>индакатерола ацетат</kwd><kwd>гликопирроний</kwd><kwd>мометазона фуроат</kwd><kwd>Бризхалер®</kwd><kwd>длительно действующие β2-агонисты / ингаляционные глюкокортикостероиды</kwd><kwd>длительно действующие антихолинергические препараты</kwd><kwd>IRIDIUM</kwd><kwd>ARGON</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>control</kwd><kwd>exacerbation</kwd><kwd>indacaterol</kwd><kwd>glycopyrronium</kwd><kwd>mometasone</kwd><kwd>Breezhaler®</kwd><kwd>long-acting β2-agonist/inhaled corticosteroid</kwd><kwd>long-acting anticholinergics</kwd><kwd>IRIDIUM</kwd><kwd>ARGON</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Совет экспертов Российского респираторного общества проведен при поддержке Общества с ограниченной ответственностью «Новартис Фарма». В написании настоящей статьи представители Общества с ограниченной ответственностью «Новартис Фарма» не принимали участия, не несут ответственности за содержание статьи и любые возможные, относящиеся к данной статье договоренности либо финансовые соглашения с любыми третьими лицами. Мнение Общества с ограниченной ответственностью «Новартис Фарма» может отличаться от мнения авторов статьи и редакции.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The Expert Council of the Russian Respiratory Society was held with the support of Novartis Pharma LLC. The representatives of Novartis Pharma LLC did not participate in the writing of this article, are not responsible for the content of the article, and are not responsible for any possible financial or other agreements with any third parties related to this article. 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