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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2021-31-1-7-19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-2262</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDITORIAL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности молекулярных механизмов патогенеза бронхиальной астмы в сочетании с полипозным риносинуситом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathogenetic molecular mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps associated with asthma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3250-0694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курбачева</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurbacheva</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Курбачева Оксана Михайловна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая отделением бронхиальной астмы.115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.</p><p>тел.: (916) 673-69-82</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana M. Kurbacheva - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Federal Academic Center “Institute of Immunology”, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia.Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow, 115522.tel.: (916) 673-69-82</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kurbacheva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1965-8446</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дынева</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyneva</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дынева Мирамгуль Есенгельдыевна - аспирант 3-го года обучения, врач аллерголог-иммунолог, младший научный сотрудник отделения № 85 «Бронхиальная астма».115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.тел.: (977) 633-53-18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Miramgul' E. Dyneva - 3rd year post-graduate student, allergist-immunologist, Junior Researcher, Department No.85 “Bronchial asthma”, Federal Academic Center “Institute of Immunology”, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia.Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow, 115522.tel.: (977) 633-53-18</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">amanturliva.miramgul@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5343-4230</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шиловский</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilovskiy</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шиловский Игорь Петрович - доктор биологических наук, заместитель директора по науке и инновациям.115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.тел.: (926) 183-93-94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor' P. Shilovskiy - Doctor of Biology, Deputy director of science and innovation, Federal Academic Center “Institute of Immunology”, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia.Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow, 115522.tel.: (926) 183-93-94</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igorshilovski@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-308X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савлевич</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savlevich</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савлевич Елена Леонидовна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры оториноларингологии.121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, 19, стр. 1А.тел.: (985) 145-27-45</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena L. Savlevich - Candidate of Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Central State Medical Academy, the President of Russian Federation Administrative Department.ul. Marshala Timoshenko 19, build. 1A, Moscow, 121359.tel.: (985) 145-27-45</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">savllena@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3134-5776</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковчина</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovchina</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковчина Валерия Ивановна - младший научный сотрудник лаборатории № 75 противовирусного иммунитета.115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.тел.: (925) 217-26-16</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriya I. Kovchina - Junior Researcher, Antiviral Immunity Laboratory No.75, Federal Academic Center “Institute of Immunology”, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia.Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow, 115522.tel.: (925) 217-26-16</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kvi-91@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4169-0760</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никольский</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikol'skiy</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никольский Александр Аркадьевич - аспирант 2-го года обучения, м. н. с. лаборатории № 75 противовирусного иммунитета.115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.тел.: (903) 791-89-42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Nikol'skiy - Post-graduate Student, Junior Researcher, Antiviral Immunity Laboratory No.75, Federal Academic Center “Institute of Immunology”, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia.Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow, 115522.tel.: (903) 791-89-42</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aa.nikolskii@nrcii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9681-1304</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савушкина</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savushkina</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савушкина Елизавета Юрьевна - врач-оториноларинголог, аспирант 3-го года обучения кафедры оториноларингологии.129110, Москва, ул. Щепкина, 61 / 2, корп. 1.тел.: (985) 176-47-30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta Yu. Savushkina - otorhinolaryngologist, Post-graduate Student, M.F.Vladimirskiy State Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute.ul. Shchepkina 61/2, Moscow, 129110.tel.: (985) 176-47-30</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lizasavushkina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4961-9640</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаитов</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaitov</surname><given-names>M. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хаитов Муса Рахимович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корр. Российской академии наук, директор.115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 24.тел.: (499) 311-67-78</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Musa R. Khaitov - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of Federal Academic Center “Institute of Immunology”, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia.Kashirskoe sh. 24, Moscow, 115522.tel.: (499) 311-67-78</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mr.khaitov@nrcii.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный научный центр "Институт иммунологии" Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center - Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральная государственная медицинская академия Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central State Medical Academy, the President of Russian Federation Administrative Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт имени М.Ф.Владимирского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>M.F.Vladimirskiy State Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Курбачева О.М., Дынева М.Е., Шиловский И.П., Савлевич Е.Л., Ковчина В.И., Никольский А.А., Савушкина Е.Ю., Хаитов М.Р., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Курбачева О.М., Дынева М.Е., Шиловский И.П., Савлевич Е.Л., Ковчина В.И., Никольский А.А., Савушкина Е.Ю., Хаитов М.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kurbacheva O.M., Dyneva M.E., Shilovskiy I.P., Savlevich E.L., Kovchina V.I., Nikol'skiy A.A., Savushkina E.Y., Khaitov M.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2262">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/2262</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время бронхиальная астма (БА) в сочетании с полипозным риносинуситом (ПРС) рассматривается как отдельный фенотип, где дизрегуляция про- и противовоспалительных цитокинов играет ведущую роль в развитии воспаления. Целью исследования явилось изучение особенностей воспаления при сочетании БА и ПРС на основе данных о локальной и системной экспрессии генов цитокинов. Материалы и методы. В исследование включены добровольцы (n = 96), которые были распределены в 4 группы: 1-я («Норма») — здоровые лица; 2-я — лица с аллергической БА (аБА) в сочетании с ПРС («аБА + ПРС»); 3-я — неаллергической БА (нБА) в сочетании с ПРС («нБА + ПРС»); 4-я — «ПРС без БА». У всех участников выполнены клинико-лабораторные, инсаруме’наальные’ и аллергологические обследования, а также гистологическое исследование ткани полипа. Полученные образцы мононуклеарных клеток периферической крови (peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) и ткань полипа) изучались на предмет экспрессии генов il-1β, il-4, il-5, il-6, il-10, il-13, il-17f, il-37, ifn-γ, tnf-α, tgf-β, при этом экспрессия генов tslp, il-25 и il-33 изучалась только в ткани полипа. Также изучена экспрессия факторов транскрипции (GATA3 и RORgt) в PBMC. Результаты. Патогенез БА в сочетании с ПРС характеризуется локальной дизрегуляцией про- и противовоспалительных цитокинов Th1-, Th2- и Тh17-иммунного ответа. При этом высокая экспрессия гена il-37, в особенности при нБА в сочетании с ПРС, возможно, свидетельствует о «запуске» противовоспалительного компенсаторного механизма. Полученные результаты также коррелировали с данными экспрессии генов-факторов транскрипции в стимулированных PBMC. Показано также, что сочетание БА и ПРС способствует утяжелению течения обоих заболеваний, а при сочетании нБА и ПРС имеет признаки более выраженного эозинофильного воспаления, что является неблагоприятным прогностическим фактором. Заключение. Таким образом, по данным сравнения уровней локальной и системной экспрессии цитокинов у пациентов с БА в сочетании с ПРС, сделан вывод о том, что локальный иммунный ответ в большей степени изменен при ПРС, в дальнейшем эти изменения происходят также на системном уровне, но в меньшей степени.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The combination of bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is currently considered a separate phenotype wit1 dysregulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as one of t1e leading causes of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the local and systemic inflammatory process in patients with BA associated with CRSwNP. Methods. The study enrolled 96 volunteers divided into 4 groups: the 1st was healthy control (Normal); the 2nd had allergic BA associated with CRSwNP; the 3rd had nonallergic BA associated with CRSwNP; the 4th had CRSwNP without BA. All participants of the study underwent clinical, laboratory, instrumental, and histological examinations. The expression of il-1β, il-4, il-,5 il-6, il-13, il-37, il-17f, ifn-γ, tnf-α and tgf-β genes was assessed in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells - PBMC and in the polyp tissue using RT-PCR. We also estimated the expression of tslp, il-25 and il-33 in the polyp tissue and expression of GATA3 and RORgt transcription factors in PBMC. Results. The pathogenesis of BA associated with CRSwNP is characterized by the dys-regulation of the local pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines of the Th1-, Th2-, Th17- immune response. Moreover, the high expression of il-37 gene in patients with BA associated with CRSwNP, and especially in patients with not-allergic BA associated with CRSwNP, probably indicates the «inclusion» of the compensatory mechanism. In addition, BA associated with CRSwNP is characterized by severe course of both diseases. A nonallergic BA associated with CRSwNP is characterized by more pronounced eosinophilic inflammation, which is an unfavorable prognostic factor. Conclusion. Thus, a comparison of the levels of local and systemic cytokine expression in patients with BA associated with CRSwNP led to the conclusion that CRSwNP affects the local immunity more than systemic immunity. However, the latter is affected to some extent in the long-term as well.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>полипозный риносинусит</kwd><kwd>провоспалительные и противовоспалительные цитокины</kwd><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd><kwd>факторы транскрипции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps</kwd><kwd>pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>transcription factor</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 19-15-00272.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No.19-15-00272.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шиловский И.П., Дынева М.Е., Курбачева О.М. и др. 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