pulmoПульмонологияPULMONOLOGIYA0869-01892541-9617Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC10.18093/0869-0189-2010-6-120-127pulmo-1727Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWХроническая обструктивная болезнь легких и хроническая сердечная недостаточность: особенности совместной терапииАрхиповВ. В.9665414@gmail.comПервый МГМУ им. И.М.Сеченова, кафедра клинической фармакологии и пропедевтики внутренних болезнейRussian Federation20102812201006120127Copyright © Архипов В.В., 20102010Архипов В.В.Архипов В.В.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1727хроническая обструктивная болезнь легкиххроническая сердечная недостаточностьReferencesRutten F.H., Cramer M.J., Lammers J.W. et al. Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an ignored combination? Eur. J. Heart Fail. 2006; 8: 706-711Rutten F.H., Cramer M.J., Lammers J.W. et al. Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an ignored combination? Eur. J. Heart Fail. 2006; 8: 706-711Huiart L., Ernst Р., Suissa S. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in COPD. Chest 2005; 128:2640-2646Huiart L., Ernst Р., Suissa S. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in COPD. Chest 2005; 128:2640-2646Kitzman D.W., Gardin J.M., Gottdiener J.S. et al. Impor� tance of heart failure with preserved systolic function in patients 65 years of age. CHS Research Group. Cardio� vascular Health Study. Am. J. Cardiol. 2001; 87: 413-419Kitzman D.W., Gardin J.M., Gottdiener J.S. et al. Impor� tance of heart failure with preserved systolic function in patients 65 years of age. CHS Research Group. Cardio� vascular Health Study. Am. J. Cardiol. 2001; 87: 413-419Hawkins N.M., Petrie M.C., Jhund P.C. et al. Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnostic pit� falls and epidemiology. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 2009; 11: 130-139Hawkins N.M., Petrie M.C., Jhund P.C. et al. Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnostic pit� falls and epidemiology. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 2009; 11: 130-139Milne E.N. Correlation of physiologic findings with chest roentgenology. Radiol. Clin. North. Am. 1973; 11: 17-47Milne E.N. Correlation of physiologic findings with chest roentgenology. Radiol. Clin. North. Am. 1973; 11: 17-47Hublitz U.F., Shapiro J.H. Atypical pulmonary patterns of congestive heart failure in chronic lung disease. Radiology 1969; 93: 995-1006Hublitz U.F., Shapiro J.H. Atypical pulmonary patterns of congestive heart failure in chronic lung disease. Radiology 1969; 93: 995-1006Rutten F.H., Moons K.G., Cramer M.J. et al. Recognising heart failure in elderly patients with stable chronic obstruc� tive pulmonary disease in primary care: cross�sectional diagnostic study. Br. Med. J. 2005; 331: 1379Rutten F.H., Moons K.G., Cramer M.J. et al. Recognising heart failure in elderly patients with stable chronic obstruc� tive pulmonary disease in primary care: cross�sectional diagnostic study. Br. Med. J. 2005; 331: 1379Vizza C.D., Lynch J.P., Ochoa L.L. et al. Right and left ven� tricular dysfunction in patients with severe pulmonary dis� ease. Chest 1998; 113: 576-583Vizza C.D., Lynch J.P., Ochoa L.L. et al. Right and left ven� tricular dysfunction in patients with severe pulmonary dis� ease. Chest 1998; 113: 576-583Marcu C.B., Beek A.M., van Rossum A.C. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of right heart involvement in cardiac and pulmonary disease. Heart Lung Circ. 2006; 15: 362-370Marcu C.B., Beek A.M., van Rossum A.C. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of right heart involvement in cardiac and pulmonary disease. Heart Lung Circ. 2006; 15: 362-370Silver M.A., Maisel A., Yancy C.W. et al. BNP Consensus Panel 2004: a clinical approach for the diagnostic, prognos� tic, screening, treatment monitoring, and therapeutic roles of natriuretic peptides in cardiovascular diseases. Congest. Heart Fail. 2004; 10 (Suppl. 3): 1-30Silver M.A., Maisel A., Yancy C.W. et al. BNP Consensus Panel 2004: a clinical approach for the diagnostic, prognos� tic, screening, treatment monitoring, and therapeutic roles of natriuretic peptides in cardiovascular diseases. Congest. Heart Fail. 2004; 10 (Suppl. 3): 1-30Light R.W., George R.B. Serial pulmonary function in patients with acute heart failure. Arch. Intern. Med. 1983; 143: 429-433Light R.W., George R.B. Serial pulmonary function in patients with acute heart failure. Arch. Intern. Med. 1983; 143: 429-433Petermann W., Barth J., Entzian P. Heart failure and airway obstruction. Int. J. Cardiol. 1987; 17: 207-209Petermann W., Barth J., Entzian P. Heart failure and airway obstruction. Int. J. Cardiol. 1987; 17: 207-209Sin D.D., LieLing Wu., Man S.F.P. The relationship between reduced lung function and cardiovascular mortali� ty. Chest 2005; 127 (6): 1952-1959Sin D.D., LieLing Wu., Man S.F.P. The relationship between reduced lung function and cardiovascular mortali� ty. Chest 2005; 127 (6): 1952-1959Dahl M., Vestbo J., Lange P. et al. C�reactive protein as a predictor of prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary dis� ease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007; 2007: 250-255Dahl M., Vestbo J., Lange P. et al. C�reactive protein as a predictor of prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary dis� ease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007; 2007: 250-255Gan W.Q., Man S.F., Sin D.D. The interactions between cigarette smoking and reduced lung function on systemic inflammation. Chest 2005; 127: 558-564Gan W.Q., Man S.F., Sin D.D. The interactions between cigarette smoking and reduced lung function on systemic inflammation. Chest 2005; 127: 558-564Guerra S., Sherrill D.L., Venker C. et al. Chronic bronchitis before age 50 years predicts incident airflow limitation and mortality risk. Thorax 2009; 64: 894-900Guerra S., Sherrill D.L., Venker C. et al. Chronic bronchitis before age 50 years predicts incident airflow limitation and mortality risk. Thorax 2009; 64: 894-900Gan W.Q., Man S.F., Senthilselvan A., Sin D.D. The associ� ation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation a systematic review and a meta� analysis. Thorax 2004; 59: 574-580Gan W.Q., Man S.F., Senthilselvan A., Sin D.D. The associ� ation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation a systematic review and a meta� analysis. Thorax 2004; 59: 574-580Walter R.E., Wilk J.B., Larson M.G. et al. Systemic inflam� mation and COPD: the framingham heart study. Chest 2008; 133: 19-25Walter R.E., Wilk J.B., Larson M.G. et al. Systemic inflam� mation and COPD: the framingham heart study. Chest 2008; 133: 19-25Aronson D., Roterman I., Yigla М. et al. Inverse association between pulmonary function and C�reactive protein in apparently healthy subjects. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2006: 174: 626-632Aronson D., Roterman I., Yigla М. et al. Inverse association between pulmonary function and C�reactive protein in apparently healthy subjects. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2006: 174: 626-632Verma S., Li S.H., Badiwala M.V. et al. Endothelin antago� nism and interleukin�6 inhibition attenuate the proathero� genic effects of C�reactive protein. Circulation 2002; 105: 1890-1896Verma S., Li S.H., Badiwala M.V. et al. Endothelin antago� nism and interleukin�6 inhibition attenuate the proathero� genic effects of C�reactive protein. Circulation 2002; 105: 1890-1896Sin D.D., Man S.F.P. Why are patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at increased risk of cardiovas� cular diseases? Circulation 2003; 107:1 514-1519Sin D.D., Man S.F.P. Why are patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at increased risk of cardiovas� cular diseases? Circulation 2003; 107:1 514-1519Venugopal S.K., Devaraj S., Yuhanna I. et al. Demonstration that C�reactive protein decrease eNOS expression and bioactivity in human aortic endothelial cells. Circulation 2002; 106: 1439-1441Venugopal S.K., Devaraj S., Yuhanna I. et al. Demonstration that C�reactive protein decrease eNOS expression and bioactivity in human aortic endothelial cells. Circulation 2002; 106: 1439-1441Torzewski M., Rist C., Mortensen R.F. et al. C�reactive pro� tein in the arterial intima. Role of C�reactive protein recep� tor�dependent monocyte recruitment in atherogenesis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2000; 20: 2094-2099Torzewski M., Rist C., Mortensen R.F. et al. C�reactive pro� tein in the arterial intima. Role of C�reactive protein recep� tor�dependent monocyte recruitment in atherogenesis. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2000; 20: 2094-2099Vasan R.S., Sullivan L.M., Roubenoff R. et al. Inflammatory markers and risk of heart failure in elderly subjects without prior myocardial infarctionthe framingham heart study. Circulation 2003; 107; 1486-1491Vasan R.S., Sullivan L.M., Roubenoff R. et al. Inflammatory markers and risk of heart failure in elderly subjects without prior myocardial infarctionthe framingham heart study. Circulation 2003; 107; 1486-1491MERIT�HF Study Group. Effect of metoprolol CR / XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR / XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT� HF). Lancet 1999; 353: 2001-2007MERIT�HF Study Group. Effect of metoprolol CR / XL in chronic heart failure: Metoprolol CR / XL Randomised Intervention Trial in Congestive Heart Failure (MERIT� HF). Lancet 1999; 353: 2001-2007Packer M., Fowler M.B., Roecker E.B. et al. Effect of carvedilol on the morbidity of patients with severe chronic heart failure: results of the Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival (COPERNICUS) study. Circulation 2002; 106: 2194-2187Packer M., Fowler M.B., Roecker E.B. et al. Effect of carvedilol on the morbidity of patients with severe chronic heart failure: results of the Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival (COPERNICUS) study. Circulation 2002; 106: 2194-2187CIBIS�II Investigators and Committees. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS�II): a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 9-13CIBIS�II Investigators and Committees. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS�II): a randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 353: 9-13Freemantle N., Cleland J., Young P. et al. Beta�blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis. Br. Med. J. 1999; 318: 1730-1737Freemantle N., Cleland J., Young P. et al. Beta�blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis. Br. Med. J. 1999; 318: 1730-1737Heidenreich P.A., McDonald K.M., Hastie T. et al. Meta� analysis of trials comparing beta�blockers, calcium antago� nists, and nitrates for stable angina. J.A.M.A. 1999; 281: 1927-1936Heidenreich P.A., McDonald K.M., Hastie T. et al. Meta� analysis of trials comparing beta�blockers, calcium antago� nists, and nitrates for stable angina. J.A.M.A. 1999; 281: 1927-1936Kvetny J., Frederikesen P.K., Jacobsen J.G. et al. Propranolol in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. A randomized double� blind study. Act. Med. Scand. 1981; 209: 389-392Kvetny J., Frederikesen P.K., Jacobsen J.G. et al. Propranolol in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. A randomized double� blind study. Act. Med. Scand. 1981; 209: 389-392Dart R.A., Gollub S., Lazar J. et al. Treatment of systemic hypertension in patients with pulmonary diseases: COPD and asthma. Chest 2003; 123: 222-243Dart R.A., Gollub S., Lazar J. et al. Treatment of systemic hypertension in patients with pulmonary diseases: COPD and asthma. Chest 2003; 123: 222-243Au D.H. Use of beta�blockers in patients with COPD. Thorax 2008; 63: 296-298Au D.H. Use of beta�blockers in patients with COPD. Thorax 2008; 63: 296-298Salpeter S., Ormiston T., Salpeter E. Cardioselective beta� blockers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2005; (4): CD003566Salpeter S., Ormiston T., Salpeter E. Cardioselective beta� blockers for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2005; (4): CD003566Au D.H., Bryson C.L., Fan V.S. et al. Beta�blockers as sin� gle�agent therapy for hypertension and the risk of mortality among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Med. 2004; 117: 925-931Au D.H., Bryson C.L., Fan V.S. et al. Beta�blockers as sin� gle�agent therapy for hypertension and the risk of mortality among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Med. 2004; 117: 925-931Andrus M.R., Holloway K.P., Clark D.B. Use of beta�block� ers in patients with COPD. Ann. Pharmacother. 2004; 38: 142-145Andrus M.R., Holloway K.P., Clark D.B. Use of beta�block� ers in patients with COPD. Ann. Pharmacother. 2004; 38: 142-145Chen J., Radford M.J., Wang Y. et al. Effectiveness of beta� blocker therapy after acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asth� ma. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2001; 37: 1950-1956Chen J., Radford M.J., Wang Y. et al. Effectiveness of beta� blocker therapy after acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asth� ma. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2001; 37: 1950-1956Rutten F.H. Beta�blockers may reduce mortality and risk of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pul� monary disease. Arch. Intern. Med. 2010; 170 (10): 880-887Rutten F.H. Beta�blockers may reduce mortality and risk of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pul� monary disease. Arch. Intern. Med. 2010; 170 (10): 880-887Dransfield M.T., Rowe S.M., Johnson J.E. et al. Use of blockers and the risk of death in hospitalised patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. Thorax 2008; 63: 301-305Dransfield M.T., Rowe S.M., Johnson J.E. et al. Use of blockers and the risk of death in hospitalised patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. Thorax 2008; 63: 301-305Цветкова, О. А. Эффективность применения кардиосе� лективного бета1�адреноблокатора бисопролола у боль� ных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких в со� четании с ишемической болезнью сердца. Тер. арх. 2007; 79 (3): 25-29Цветкова, О. А. Эффективность применения кардиосе� лективного бета1�адреноблокатора бисопролола у боль� ных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких в со� четании с ишемической болезнью сердца. Тер. арх. 2007; 79 (3): 25-29Hawkins M.M., MacDonald M.R., Petrie M.C. et al. Biso� prolol in patients with heart failure and moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized con� trolled trial. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 2009: 11, 684-690Hawkins M.M., MacDonald M.R., Petrie M.C. et al. Biso� prolol in patients with heart failure and moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized con� trolled trial. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 2009: 11, 684-690Han M.K., Agusti A., Calverley P.M. et al. COPD pheno� types: the future of COPD. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2010; 182: 598-604Han M.K., Agusti A., Calverley P.M. et al. COPD pheno� types: the future of COPD. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2010; 182: 598-604Andreas S., Anker S.D., Scanlon P.D., Somers V.K.: Neuro� humoral activation as a link to systemic manifestations of chronic lung disease. Chest 2005; 128: 3618-3624Andreas S., Anker S.D., Scanlon P.D., Somers V.K.: Neuro� humoral activation as a link to systemic manifestations of chronic lung disease. Chest 2005; 128: 3618-3624Kanazawa H., Okamoto T., Hirata K., Yoshikawa J. Deletion polymorphisms in the angiotensin converting enzyme gene are associated with pulmonary hypertension evoked by exer� cise challenge in patients with chronic obstructive pul� monary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit Care. Med. 2000; 162: 1235-1238Kanazawa H., Okamoto T., Hirata K., Yoshikawa J. Deletion polymorphisms in the angiotensin converting enzyme gene are associated with pulmonary hypertension evoked by exer� cise challenge in patients with chronic obstructive pul� monary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit Care. Med. 2000; 162: 1235-1238Kanazawa H., Hirata K., Yoshikawa J. Effects of captopril administration on pulmonary haemodynamics and tissue oxygenation during exercise in ACE gene subtypes in patients with COPD: a preliminary study. Thorax 2003; 58: 629-631Kanazawa H., Hirata K., Yoshikawa J. Effects of captopril administration on pulmonary haemodynamics and tissue oxygenation during exercise in ACE gene subtypes in patients with COPD: a preliminary study. Thorax 2003; 58: 629-631Marco F.D., Guazzi M., Vicenzi M. Effect of enalapril on exercise cardiopulmonary performance in chronic obstruc� tive pulmonary disease: A pilot study. Pulmonary Pharma� cology & Therapeutics 2010; 23: 159-164Marco F.D., Guazzi M., Vicenzi M. Effect of enalapril on exercise cardiopulmonary performance in chronic obstruc� tive pulmonary disease: A pilot study. Pulmonary Pharma� cology & Therapeutics 2010; 23: 159-164Anker S.D. Prognostic importance of weight loss in chronic heart failure and the effect of treatment with angiotensin� converting�enzyme inhibitors: an observational study. Lancet 2003; 361:1077-1083Anker S.D. Prognostic importance of weight loss in chronic heart failure and the effect of treatment with angiotensin� converting�enzyme inhibitors: an observational study. Lancet 2003; 361:1077-1083Lipworth B.J. et al. Prior treatment with diuretic augments the hypokalaemic and electrocardiographic effects of inhaled albuterol. Am. J. Med. 1989; 86: 653-657Lipworth B.J. et al. Prior treatment with diuretic augments the hypokalaemic and electrocardiographic effects of inhaled albuterol. Am. J. Med. 1989; 86: 653-657Sin D.D., Lacy P., York E., Man S.F. Effects of fluticasone on systemic markers of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 170: 760-765Sin D.D., Lacy P., York E., Man S.F. Effects of fluticasone on systemic markers of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 170: 760-765Sin D.D. The effects of fluticasone with or without salme� terol on systemic biomarkers of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008; 177: 1207-1214Sin D.D. The effects of fluticasone with or without salme� terol on systemic biomarkers of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2008; 177: 1207-1214Ito K., Ito M., Elliott W.M. et al. Decreased histone deacety� lase activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N. Eng. J. Med. 2005; 352: 1967-1976Ito K., Ito M., Elliott W.M. et al. Decreased histone deacety� lase activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N. Eng. J. Med. 2005; 352: 1967-1976Barnes P.J., Adcock I.M., Ito K. Histone acetylation and deacetylation: importance in inflammatory lung diseases. Eur. Respir. J. 2005; 25: 552-563Barnes P.J., Adcock I.M., Ito K. Histone acetylation and deacetylation: importance in inflammatory lung diseases. Eur. Respir. J. 2005; 25: 552-563Culpitt S.V., de Matos C., Russell R.E. et al. Effect of theo� phylline on induced sputum inflammatory indices and neu� trophil chemotaxis in COPD. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 165: 1371-1376Culpitt S.V., de Matos C., Russell R.E. et al. Effect of theo� phylline on induced sputum inflammatory indices and neu� trophil chemotaxis in COPD. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 165: 1371-1376Cosio B.G., Tsaprouni L., Ito K. et al. Theophylline restores histone deacetylase activity and steroid responses in COPD macrophages. J. Exp. Med. 2004; 200: 689-695Cosio B.G., Tsaprouni L., Ito K. et al. Theophylline restores histone deacetylase activity and steroid responses in COPD macrophages. J. Exp. Med. 2004; 200: 689-695Huiart L., Ernst P., Panouil X., Suissa S. Low�dose inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2005; 25: 634-639Huiart L., Ernst P., Panouil X., Suissa S. Low�dose inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2005; 25: 634-639Lofdahl C.G., Postma D.S., Pride N.B. et al. Possible pro� tection by inhaled budesonide against ischaemic cardiac events in mild COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2007; 29: 1115-1119Lofdahl C.G., Postma D.S., Pride N.B. et al. Possible pro� tection by inhaled budesonide against ischaemic cardiac events in mild COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2007; 29: 1115-1119Loke Y.K., Kwok C.S., Singh S. Risk of myocardial infarc� tion and cardiovascular death associated with inhaled corti� costeroids in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2010; 35: 1003-1021Loke Y.K., Kwok C.S., Singh S. Risk of myocardial infarc� tion and cardiovascular death associated with inhaled corti� costeroids in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2010; 35: 1003-1021Nieminen M.S. EuroHeart Failure Survey II (EHFS II): a survey on hospitalized acute heart failure patients: des� cription of population. Eur. Heart J. 2006; 27: 2725-2736Nieminen M.S. EuroHeart Failure Survey II (EHFS II): a survey on hospitalized acute heart failure patients: des� cription of population. Eur. Heart J. 2006; 27: 2725-2736Mirici A., Meral M., Akgun M. Comparison of the efficacy of nebulised budesonide with parenteral corticosteroids in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pul� monary disease. Clin. Drug Invest. 2003; 23: 55-62Mirici A., Meral M., Akgun M. Comparison of the efficacy of nebulised budesonide with parenteral corticosteroids in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pul� monary disease. Clin. Drug Invest. 2003; 23: 55-62Hothersall E., McSharry C., Thomson N.C. Potential thera� peutic role for statins in respiratory disease. Thorax 2006; 61: 729-734Hothersall E., McSharry C., Thomson N.C. Potential thera� peutic role for statins in respiratory disease. Thorax 2006; 61: 729-734Lee J.H., Lee D.S., Kim E.K. et al. Simvastatin inhibits cigarette smoking�induced emphysema and pulmonary hypertension in rat lungs. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005; 172: 987-993Lee J.H., Lee D.S., Kim E.K. et al. Simvastatin inhibits cigarette smoking�induced emphysema and pulmonary hypertension in rat lungs. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005; 172: 987-993Mancini G.B., Etminan M., Zhang B. et al. Reduction of morbidity and mortality by statins, angiotensin�converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2006; 47: 2554-2560Mancini G.B., Etminan M., Zhang B. et al. Reduction of morbidity and mortality by statins, angiotensin�converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2006; 47: 2554-2560Soyseth V., Brekke P.H., Smith P. et al. Statin use is associat� ed with reduced mortality in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2007; 29: 279-283Soyseth V., Brekke P.H., Smith P. et al. Statin use is associat� ed with reduced mortality in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2007; 29: 279-283Suissa S., Assimes T., Ernst Р. Risk of acute myocardial infac� tion Inhaled short acting - agonistis use in COPD and the risk of acute myocardial infaction. Thorax 2003; 58: 43-46Suissa S., Assimes T., Ernst Р. Risk of acute myocardial infac� tion Inhaled short acting - agonistis use in COPD and the risk of acute myocardial infaction. Thorax 2003; 58: 43-46Calverley P.M.A., Anderson J.A., Celli B. Cardiovascular events in patients with COPD: TORCH Study results. Thorax 2010; 65: 719-725Calverley P.M.A., Anderson J.A., Celli B. Cardiovascular events in patients with COPD: TORCH Study results. Thorax 2010; 65: 719-725Cazzola M., Imperatore F., Salzillo A. Cardiac effects of for� moterol and salmeterol in patients suffering from COPD with preexisting cardiac arrhythmias and hypoxemia. Chest 1998; 114: 411-415Cazzola M., Imperatore F., Salzillo A. Cardiac effects of for� moterol and salmeterol in patients suffering from COPD with preexisting cardiac arrhythmias and hypoxemia. Chest 1998; 114: 411-415Tashkin D.P., Rennard S.I., Martin P. et al. Efficacy and safety of budesonide and formoterol in one pressurized metered�dose inhaler in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results of a 6�month randomized clinical trial. Drugs 2008; 68 (14): 1975-2000Tashkin D.P., Rennard S.I., Martin P. et al. Efficacy and safety of budesonide and formoterol in one pressurized metered�dose inhaler in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results of a 6�month randomized clinical trial. Drugs 2008; 68 (14): 1975-2000Tashkin D.P., Celli B., Senn S. et al. A 4�year trial of tiotropi� um in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N. Eng. J. Med. 2008; 359: 1543-1554Tashkin D.P., Celli B., Senn S. et al. A 4�year trial of tiotropi� um in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N. Eng. J. Med. 2008; 359: 1543-1554Celli В., Cote C.G., Marin J.M. et al. Cardiovascular safety of tiotropium in patients with COPD. Chest 2010; 137 (1): 20-30Celli В., Cote C.G., Marin J.M. et al. Cardiovascular safety of tiotropium in patients with COPD. Chest 2010; 137 (1): 20-30Ford P.A. Treatment effects of low�dose theophylline COPD combined with an inhaled corticosteroid. Chest 2010; 137 (6): 1338-1344Ford P.A. Treatment effects of low�dose theophylline COPD combined with an inhaled corticosteroid. Chest 2010; 137 (6): 1338-1344
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.