<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2006-6-12-52</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-1506</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Руководство по диагностике и лечению легочнойартериальной гипертензии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Редакционная</surname><given-names>Статья</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2006</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2006</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Редакционная С., 2006</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2006</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Редакционная С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Редакционная С.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1506">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1506</self-uri><abstract><p>.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simonneau G., Galie N., Rubin L. et al. Clinical classification of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiot. 2004; 43: S5-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simonneau G., Galie N., Rubin L. et al. Clinical classification of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiot. 2004; 43: S5-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">D'Alonzo G.E., Barst R.J., Ayres SM et al. Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Results from a national prospective registry. Ann. Intern. Med. 1991; 115: 343-349.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">D'Alonzo G.E., Barst R.J., Ayres SM et al. Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Results from a national prospective registry. Ann. Intern. Med. 1991; 115: 343-349.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rubin L.J. Primary pulmonary hypertension, N. Eng. J. Med. 1997; 336: 111-117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubin L.J. Primary pulmonary hypertension, N. Eng. J. Med. 1997; 336: 111-117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galie N., Manes A., Uguccioni L. et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension: insights into pathogenesis from epidemiology. Chest 1998; 114 (3 Suppl): 184S-94S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galie N., Manes A., Uguccioni L. et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension: insights into pathogenesis from epidemiology. Chest 1998; 114 (3 Suppl): 184S-94S.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pietra G.G., Edwards W.D., Kay J.M. et al. Histopathology of primary pulmonary hypertension. A qualitative and quantitative study of pulmonary blood vessels from 58 patients in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Registry [see com ments]. Circulation 1989; 80: 1198-1206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pietra G.G., Edwards W.D., Kay J.M. et al. Histopathology of primary pulmonary hypertension. A qualitative and quantitative study of pulmonary blood vessels from 58 patients in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Registry [see com ments]. Circulation 1989; 80: 1198-1206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pietra G.G., Capion F., Stewart S. et al. Pathologic assessment of vascutopathies in pulmonary hypertension. 2004. 525-532.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pietra G.G., Capion F., Stewart S. et al. Pathologic assessment of vascutopathies in pulmonary hypertension. 2004. 525-532.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Humbert M., Morrell N., Archer S. et al. Cellular and molecular pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiot. 2004: 43: 513-524.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Humbert M., Morrell N., Archer S. et al. Cellular and molecular pathobiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiot. 2004: 43: 513-524.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lane K.B., Machado R.D., Pauciulo M.W. et al. Heterozygous germline mutations in BMPR2, encoding a TGF-beta receptor, cause familial primary pulmonary hypertension. The International PPH Consortium, Not Genet 2000; 26: 81-84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lane K.B., Machado R.D., Pauciulo M.W. et al. Heterozygous germline mutations in BMPR2, encoding a TGF-beta receptor, cause familial primary pulmonary hypertension. The International PPH Consortium, Not Genet 2000; 26: 81-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deng Z., Morse J.H., Slager SL et al. Familial primary pulmonary hypertension (gene PPH1) is caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-ll gene. Am. J. Hum. Genetr. 2000; 67: 737-744.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deng Z., Morse J.H., Slager SL et al. Familial primary pulmonary hypertension (gene PPH1) is caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor-ll gene. Am. J. Hum. Genetr. 2000; 67: 737-744.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Budhiraja R., Tuder R.M., Hassoun P.M. Endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2004; 109: 159-165.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Budhiraja R., Tuder R.M., Hassoun P.M. Endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2004; 109: 159-165.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barst R., McGoon M., Torbicki A. et al. Diagnosis and differential assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 43: S40-47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barst R., McGoon M., Torbicki A. et al. Diagnosis and differential assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 43: S40-47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoeper M., Oudiz R., Peacock A. et al. Endpoints and clinical trial designs in pulmonary arterial hypertension: clinical and regulatory perspectives. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 43: 548-555.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoeper M., Oudiz R., Peacock A. et al. Endpoints and clinical trial designs in pulmonary arterial hypertension: clinical and regulatory perspectives. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 43: 548-555.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galie N., Manes A., Branzi A. Prostanoids for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Med. 2003; 2: 123-137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galie N., Manes A., Branzi A. Prostanoids for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Med. 2003; 2: 123-137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galie N., Manes A., Branzi A. The endothelin system in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cardiovasc. Res. 2004; 61: 227-237.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galie N., Manes A., Branzi A. The endothelin system in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cardiovasc. Res. 2004; 61: 227-237.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sastry B.K.S., Narasimhan C., Reddy N.K. et al. Clinical efficacy of sildenafil in primary pulmonary hypertension*1: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 43: 1149-1153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sastry B.K.S., Narasimhan C., Reddy N.K. et al. Clinical efficacy of sildenafil in primary pulmonary hypertension*1: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 43: 1149-1153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) of the European Society of Cardiology. Recommendations for Task Force Creation and Report Production A document for Task Force members and expert panels responsible for the creation and production of Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) of the European Society of Cardiology; 2003. http:// www.escardio.org</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) of the European Society of Cardiology. Recommendations for Task Force Creation and Report Production A document for Task Force members and expert panels responsible for the creation and production of Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) of the European Society of Cardiology; 2003. http:// www.escardio.org</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hatano S., Strasser T. World Health Organization 1975 primary pulmonary hypertension. Geneva: WHO; 1975.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hatano S., Strasser T. World Health Organization 1975 primary pulmonary hypertension. Geneva: WHO; 1975.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fishman A.P. Primary pulmonary arterial hypertension: a look back. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 43: S2-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fishman A.P. Primary pulmonary arterial hypertension: a look back. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 43: S2-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Humbert M., Nunes H., Sitbon 0. el al. Risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Ctin. Chest Med. 2001: 22: 459-475.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Humbert M., Nunes H., Sitbon 0. el al. Risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Ctin. Chest Med. 2001: 22: 459-475.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoeper M.M., Niedermeyer J., Hoffmeyer F. et al. Pulmonary hypertension after splenectomy? Ann. Intern. Med. 1999; 130: 506-509.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoeper M.M., Niedermeyer J., Hoffmeyer F. et al. Pulmonary hypertension after splenectomy? Ann. Intern. Med. 1999; 130: 506-509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Castro 0., Hoque M., Brown B.D. Pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease: cardiac catheterization results and survival. Blood 2003; 101: 1257-1261.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Castro 0., Hoque M., Brown B.D. Pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease: cardiac catheterization results and survival. Blood 2003; 101: 1257-1261.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atichartakarn V., Likittanasombat K., Chuncharunee S. et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in previously splenectomized patients with beta-thalassemic disorders. Int. J. Hematol. 2003; 78: 139-145.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atichartakarn V., Likittanasombat K., Chuncharunee S. et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in previously splenectomized patients with beta-thalassemic disorders. Int. J. Hematol. 2003; 78: 139-145.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dingli D., Utz J.P., Krowka M.J. et al. Unexplained pulmonary hyperten sion in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Chest 2001; 120: 801-808.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dingli D., Utz J.P., Krowka M.J. et al. Unexplained pulmonary hyperten sion in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Chest 2001; 120: 801-808.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Humbert M., Labrune P., Simonneau G. et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension and type I glycogen storage disease: the serotonin hypothesis. Eur. Respir. J. 2002; 20: 59-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Humbert M., Labrune P., Simonneau G. et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension and type I glycogen storage disease: the serotonin hypothesis. Eur. Respir. J. 2002; 20: 59-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dawson A., Elias D.J., Rubenson D. et al. Pulmonary hypertension developing after alglucerase therapy in two patients with type 1 Gaucher disease complicated by the hepatopulmonary syndrome. Ann. Intern. Med. 1996: 125: 901-904.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dawson A., Elias D.J., Rubenson D. et al. Pulmonary hypertension developing after alglucerase therapy in two patients with type 1 Gaucher disease complicated by the hepatopulmonary syndrome. Ann. Intern. Med. 1996: 125: 901-904.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trembath R.C., Thomson J.R., Machado R.D. et al. Clinical and molecular genetic features of pulmonary hypertension in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. N. Eng. J. Med. 2001; 345: 325-334.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trembath R.C., Thomson J.R., Machado R.D. et al. Clinical and molecular genetic features of pulmonary hypertension in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. N. Eng. J. Med. 2001; 345: 325-334.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daliento L., Somerville J., Presbitero P. et al. Eisenmenger syndrome. Factors relating to deterioration and death. Eur. Heart. J. 1998; 19: 1845-1855.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daliento L., Somerville J., Presbitero P. et al. Eisenmenger syndrome. Factors relating to deterioration and death. Eur. Heart. J. 1998; 19: 1845-1855.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Besterman E. Atrial septal defects with pulmonary hypertension. Br. Heart J. 1961; 23: 587-598.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Besterman E. Atrial septal defects with pulmonary hypertension. Br. Heart J. 1961; 23: 587-598.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoffman J.E., Rudolph A.M. The natural history of ventricular septal defects in infancy. Am. J. Cardiol. 1985; 16: 634-653.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoffman J.E., Rudolph A.M. The natural history of ventricular septal defects in infancy. Am. J. Cardiol. 1985; 16: 634-653.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steele P., Fuster V., Cohen M. et al. Isolated atrial septal defect with pulmonary vascular obstructive disease: long-term follow-up and prediction of outcome after surgical correction. Circulation 1987; 76: 1037-1042.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steele P., Fuster V., Cohen M. et al. Isolated atrial septal defect with pulmonary vascular obstructive disease: long-term follow-up and prediction of outcome after surgical correction. Circulation 1987; 76: 1037-1042.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vogel M., Berger F., Kramer A. et al. Incidence of secondary pulmonary hypertension in adults with atrial septal or sinus venosus defects. Heart 1999; 82: 30-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vogel M., Berger F., Kramer A. et al. Incidence of secondary pulmonary hypertension in adults with atrial septal or sinus venosus defects. Heart 1999; 82: 30-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kidd L., Driscoll D., Gersony W. et al. Second natural history study of congenital heart defects. Results of treatment of patients with ventricular septat defects. Circulation 1993; 87: 138-151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kidd L., Driscoll D., Gersony W. et al. Second natural history study of congenital heart defects. Results of treatment of patients with ventricular septat defects. Circulation 1993; 87: 138-151.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neumayer U., Stone S., Somerville J. Small ventricular septal defects in adults. Eur. Heart J. 1988; 19: 1573-1582.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neumayer U., Stone S., Somerville J. Small ventricular septal defects in adults. Eur. Heart J. 1988; 19: 1573-1582.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wood P. Primary pulmonary hypertension, with special reference to the vasoconstrictive factor. Br. Heart J. 1958; 20: 557-565.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wood P. Primary pulmonary hypertension, with special reference to the vasoconstrictive factor. Br. Heart J. 1958; 20: 557-565.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuan J.X., Aldinger A.M., Juhaszova M. et al. Dysfunctional voltage-gated K+ channels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 1998; 98: 1400-1406.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuan J.X., Aldinger A.M., Juhaszova M. et al. Dysfunctional voltage-gated K+ channels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 1998; 98: 1400-1406.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petkov V., Mosgoeller W., Ziesche R. et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide as a new drug for treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. J. Clin. Invest. 2003; 111: 1339-1346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petkov V., Mosgoeller W., Ziesche R. et al. Vasoactive intestinal peptide as a new drug for treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. J. Clin. Invest. 2003; 111: 1339-1346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cowan K.N., Heilbut A., Humpl T. et al. Complete reversal of fatal pulmonary hypertension in rats by a serine elastase inhibitor. Nat. Med. 2000; 6: 698-702.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cowan K.N., Heilbut A., Humpl T. et al. Complete reversal of fatal pulmonary hypertension in rats by a serine elastase inhibitor. Nat. Med. 2000; 6: 698-702.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Du L., Sullivan C.C., Chu D. et al. Signaling molecules in nonfamilial pulmonary hypertension. N. Efig. J. Med. 2003; 348: 500-509.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Du L., Sullivan C.C., Chu D. et al. Signaling molecules in nonfamilial pulmonary hypertension. N. Efig. J. Med. 2003; 348: 500-509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dorfmuller P., Perros F., Balabanian K. et al. Inflammation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2003: 22: 358-363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dorfmuller P., Perros F., Balabanian K. et al. Inflammation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2003: 22: 358-363.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eddahibi S., Humbert M., Fadel E. et al. Serotonin transporter overexpression is responsible for pulmonary artery smooth muscle hyperplasia in primary pulmonary hypertension. J. Clin. Invest. 2001; 108: 1141-1450.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eddahibi S., Humbert M., Fadel E. et al. Serotonin transporter overexpression is responsible for pulmonary artery smooth muscle hyperplasia in primary pulmonary hypertension. J. Clin. Invest. 2001; 108: 1141-1450.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Friedman R., Mears J.G., Barst R.J. Continuous infusion of prostacyclin normalizes plasma markers of endothelial cell injury and platelet aggregation in primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 1997; 96: 2782-2784.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Friedman R., Mears J.G., Barst R.J. Continuous infusion of prostacyclin normalizes plasma markers of endothelial cell injury and platelet aggregation in primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 1997; 96: 2782-2784.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eisenberg P.R., Lucore C., Kaufman L. et al. Fibrinopeptide: A levels indicative of pulmonary vascular thrombosis in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 1990; 82: 841-847.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eisenberg P.R., Lucore C., Kaufman L. et al. Fibrinopeptide: A levels indicative of pulmonary vascular thrombosis in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 1990; 82: 841-847.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christman B.W., McPherson C.D., Newman J.H. et al. An imbalance between the excretion of thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites in pulmonary hypertension [see comments]. N. Eng. J. Med. 1992; 327: 70-75.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christman B.W., McPherson C.D., Newman J.H. et al. An imbalance between the excretion of thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites in pulmonary hypertension [see comments]. N. Eng. J. Med. 1992; 327: 70-75.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomson J.R., Trembath R.C. Primary pulmonary hypertension: the pressure rises for a gene. J. Clin. Pathol. 2000; 53: 899-903.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomson J.R., Trembath R.C. Primary pulmonary hypertension: the pressure rises for a gene. J. Clin. Pathol. 2000; 53: 899-903.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsukada T., Yokoyama K., Arai T. et al. Evidence of association of the ecNOS gene polymorphism with plasma NO metabolite levels in humans. Biochem. Biophys. Respir. Commun. 1998; 245: 190-193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsukada T., Yokoyama K., Arai T. et al. Evidence of association of the ecNOS gene polymorphism with plasma NO metabolite levels in humans. Biochem. Biophys. Respir. Commun. 1998; 245: 190-193.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pearson D.L., Dawling S., Walsh W.F. et al. Neonatal pulmonary hypertension - ureacycle intermediates, nitric oxide production, and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase function. N. Eng. J. Med. 2001; 344: 1832-1838.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pearson D.L., Dawling S., Walsh W.F. et al. Neonatal pulmonary hypertension - ureacycle intermediates, nitric oxide production, and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase function. N. Eng. J. Med. 2001; 344: 1832-1838.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chaouat A., Coulet F., Favre С. et al. Endoglin germline mutation in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and dexfenfluramine-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Thorax 2004; 59: 446-448.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chaouat A., Coulet F., Favre С. et al. Endoglin germline mutation in a patient with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and dexfenfluramine-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Thorax 2004; 59: 446-448.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rich S., Dantzker D.R., Ayres S.M. et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension. A national prospective study. Ann. Intern. Med. 1987; 107: 216-223.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rich S., Dantzker D.R., Ayres S.M. et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension. A national prospective study. Ann. Intern. Med. 1987; 107: 216-223.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MacGregor A.J., Canavan R., Knight С. et al. Pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis: risk factors for progression and consequences for survival. Rheumatol. (Oxford) 2001; 40: 453-459.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">MacGregor A.J., Canavan R., Knight С. et al. Pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis: risk factors for progression and consequences for survival. Rheumatol. (Oxford) 2001; 40: 453-459.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ahearn G.S., Tapson V.F., Rebeiz A. et al. Electrocardiography to define clinical status in primary pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to collagen vascular disease. Chest 2002; 122: 524-527.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahearn G.S., Tapson V.F., Rebeiz A. et al. Electrocardiography to define clinical status in primary pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to collagen vascular disease. Chest 2002; 122: 524-527.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ommen S.R., Nishimura R.A., Hurrell D.G. et al. Assessment of right atrial pressure with 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography: a simultaneous catheterization and echocardiographic study. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2000; 75: 24-29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ommen S.R., Nishimura R.A., Hurrell D.G. et al. Assessment of right atrial pressure with 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography: a simultaneous catheterization and echocardiographic study. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2000; 75: 24-29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borgeson D.D., Seward J.B., Miller Jr F.A. et al. Frequency of Doppler measurable pulmonary artery pressures. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 1996; 9: 832-837.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borgeson D.D., Seward J.B., Miller Jr F.A. et al. Frequency of Doppler measurable pulmonary artery pressures. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 1996; 9: 832-837.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Denton C.P., Cailes J.B., Phillips G.D. et al. Comparison of Doppler echocardiography and right heart catheterization to assess pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis. Br. J. Rheumatol. 1997; 36: 239-243.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denton C.P., Cailes J.B., Phillips G.D. et al. Comparison of Doppler echocardiography and right heart catheterization to assess pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis. Br. J. Rheumatol. 1997; 36: 239-243.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vachiery J.L., Brimioulle S., Crasset V. et al. False-positive diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension by Doppler echocardiography. Eur. Respir. J. 1998; 12: 1476-1478.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vachiery J.L., Brimioulle S., Crasset V. et al. False-positive diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension by Doppler echocardiography. Eur. Respir. J. 1998; 12: 1476-1478.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McQuillan B.M., Picard M.H., Leavitt M. et al. Clinical correlates and reference intervals for pulmonary artery systolic pressure among echocardiographically normal subjects. Circulation 2001; 104: 2797-2802.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McQuillan B.M., Picard M.H., Leavitt M. et al. Clinical correlates and reference intervals for pulmonary artery systolic pressure among echocardiographically normal subjects. Circulation 2001; 104: 2797-2802.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mukerjee D., St.George D., Knight С. et al. Echocardiography and pulmonary function as" screening tests for pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatol. 2004; 43: 461-466.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mukerjee D., St.George D., Knight С. et al. Echocardiography and pulmonary function as" screening tests for pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatol. 2004; 43: 461-466.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hinderliter A.L., Willis P.W., Barst R.J. et al. Effects of long-term infusion of prostacyclin (epoprostenol) on echocardiographic measures of right ventricular structure and function in primary pulmonary hypertension. Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group [see comments]. Circulation 1997; 95: 1479-1486.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hinderliter A.L., Willis P.W., Barst R.J. et al. Effects of long-term infusion of prostacyclin (epoprostenol) on echocardiographic measures of right ventricular structure and function in primary pulmonary hypertension. Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group [see comments]. Circulation 1997; 95: 1479-1486.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galie N., Hinderliter A.L., Torbicki A. et al. Effects of the oral endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan on echocardiographic and doppler measures in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2O03; 41: 1380-1386.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galie N., Hinderliter A.L., Torbicki A. et al. Effects of the oral endothelin-receptor antagonist bosentan on echocardiographic and doppler measures in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2O03; 41: 1380-1386.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pauwels R.A., Buist A.S., Calverley P.M. et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163: 1256-1276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pauwels R.A., Buist A.S., Calverley P.M. et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163: 1256-1276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kazerooni E.A., Martinez F.J., Flint A. et al. Thinsection CT obtained at 10 mm increments versus limited three level thin section CT for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: correlation with pathologic scoring. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 1997; 169: 977-983.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kazerooni E.A., Martinez F.J., Flint A. et al. Thinsection CT obtained at 10 mm increments versus limited three level thin section CT for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: correlation with pathologic scoring. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 1997; 169: 977-983.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fedullo P.F., Auger W.R., Kerr K.M. et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. N. Eng. J. Med. 2001; 345: 1465-1472.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedullo P.F., Auger W.R., Kerr K.M. et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. N. Eng. J. Med. 2001; 345: 1465-1472.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Resten A., Maitre S., Capron F. et al. Pulmonary hypertension: CT findings in pulmonary venoocclusive disease. J. Radiol. 2003; 84: 1739-1745.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Resten A., Maitre S., Capron F. et al. Pulmonary hypertension: CT findings in pulmonary venoocclusive disease. J. Radiol. 2003; 84: 1739-1745.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ley S., Kreitner K.F., Fink С. et al. Assessment of pulmonary hypertension by CT and MR imaging. Eur. Radiol. 2004; 14: 359-368.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ley S., Kreitner K.F., Fink С. et al. Assessment of pulmonary hypertension by CT and MR imaging. Eur. Radiol. 2004; 14: 359-368.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dartevelle P., Fadel E., Mussot S. et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2004; 23: 637-648.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dartevelle P., Fadel E., Mussot S. et al. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2004; 23: 637-648.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rich S., Kieras K., Groves В. et al. Antinuclear antibodies in primary pulmonary hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1986; 8: 1307-1311.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rich S., Kieras K., Groves В. et al. Antinuclear antibodies in primary pulmonary hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1986; 8: 1307-1311.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albrecht T., Blomley M.J., Cosgrove D.O. et al. Noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic cirrhosis by transit-time analysis of an ultrasound contrast agent. Lancet 1999; 353: 1579-1583.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albrecht T., Blomley M.J., Cosgrove D.O. et al. Noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic cirrhosis by transit-time analysis of an ultrasound contrast agent. Lancet 1999; 353: 1579-1583.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naeije R. Hepatoputmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension. Swiss Medical Weekly 2003; 133: 163-169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naeije R. Hepatoputmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension. Swiss Medical Weekly 2003; 133: 163-169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyamoto S., Nagaya N., Satoh T. et al. Clinical correlates and prognostic significance of six-minute walk test in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Comparison with cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 161: 487-492.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyamoto S., Nagaya N., Satoh T. et al. Clinical correlates and prognostic significance of six-minute walk test in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Comparison with cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 161: 487-492.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wensel R., Opitz C.F., Anker S.D. et al. Assessment of survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension: importance of cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Circulation 2002; 106: 319-324.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wensel R., Opitz C.F., Anker S.D. et al. Assessment of survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension: importance of cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Circulation 2002; 106: 319-324.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galie N., Manes A., Branzi A. The new clinical trials on pharmacological treatment in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2002; 20: 1037-1049.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galie N., Manes A., Branzi A. The new clinical trials on pharmacological treatment in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2002; 20: 1037-1049.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peacock A., Naeije R., Galie N. et al. End-points for clinical trials in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2004; 23: 947-953.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peacock A., Naeije R., Galie N. et al. End-points for clinical trials in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2004; 23: 947-953.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guyatt G.H., Sullivan M.J., Thompson P.J. et al. The 6-minute walk: a new measure of exercise capacity in patients with chronic failure. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1985; 132: 919-923.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guyatt G.H., Sullivan M.J., Thompson P.J. et al. The 6-minute walk: a new measure of exercise capacity in patients with chronic failure. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1985; 132: 919-923.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paciocco G., Martinez F., Bossone E. et al. Oxygen desaturation on the six-minute walk test and mortality in untreated primary pulmonary hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 17: 647-652.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paciocco G., Martinez F., Bossone E. et al. Oxygen desaturation on the six-minute walk test and mortality in untreated primary pulmonary hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 17: 647-652.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barst R.J., McGoon M., Me Laughlin VV. et al. Beraprost therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2003; 41: 2115-2125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barst R.J., McGoon M., Me Laughlin VV. et al. Beraprost therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2003; 41: 2115-2125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barst R.J., Langleben D., Frost A. et al. Sitaxsentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 169: 441-447.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barst R.J., Langleben D., Frost A. et al. Sitaxsentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 169: 441-447.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandoval J., Gaspar J., Pulido T. et al. Graded balloon dilation atrial septostomy in severe primary pulmonary hypertension. A therapeutic alternative for patients nonresponsive to vasodilator treatment. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998; 32: 297-304.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandoval J., Gaspar J., Pulido T. et al. Graded balloon dilation atrial septostomy in severe primary pulmonary hypertension. A therapeutic alternative for patients nonresponsive to vasodilator treatment. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998; 32: 297-304.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McLaughlin W., Shillington A., Rich S. Survival in primary pulmonary hypertension: the impact of epoprostenol therapy. Circulation 2002; 106: 1477-1482.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McLaughlin W., Shillington A., Rich S. Survival in primary pulmonary hypertension: the impact of epoprostenol therapy. Circulation 2002; 106: 1477-1482.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McLaughlin V., Sitbon O., Rubin L. et al. The effect of first-line Bosentan on survival of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003;1 67: A442.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McLaughlin V., Sitbon O., Rubin L. et al. The effect of first-line Bosentan on survival of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003;1 67: A442.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rich S., Kaufmann E., Levy P.S. The effect of high doses of calcium-channel blockers on survival in primary pulmonary hypertension [see comments]. N. Eng. J. Med. 1992; 327: 76-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rich S., Kaufmann E., Levy P.S. The effect of high doses of calcium-channel blockers on survival in primary pulmonary hypertension [see comments]. N. Eng. J. Med. 1992; 327: 76-81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sitbon O., Humbert M., Jagot J.L. et al. Inhaled nitric oxide as a screening agent for safely identifying responders to oral calcium-channel blockers in primary pulmonary hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 1998; 12: 265-270.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sitbon O., Humbert M., Jagot J.L. et al. Inhaled nitric oxide as a screening agent for safely identifying responders to oral calcium-channel blockers in primary pulmonary hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 1998; 12: 265-270.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sitbon O., Humbert M., Loos V. et al. Who benefits from long-term calcium-channel blocker therapy in primary pulmonary hypertension? Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sitbon O., Humbert M., Loos V. et al. Who benefits from long-term calcium-channel blocker therapy in primary pulmonary hypertension? Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 167.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weir E.K., Rubin L.J., Ayres S.M. et al. The acute administration of vasodilators in primary pulmonary hypertension. Experience from the National Institutes of Health Registry on Primary Pulmonary Hypertension. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1989; 140: 1623-1630.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weir E.K., Rubin L.J., Ayres S.M. et al. The acute administration of vasodilators in primary pulmonary hypertension. Experience from the National Institutes of Health Registry on Primary Pulmonary Hypertension. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1989; 140: 1623-1630.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galie N., Ussia G., Passarelli P. et al. Role of pharmacologic tests in the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Cardiol. 1995; 75: 55A-62A.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galie N., Ussia G., Passarelli P. et al. Role of pharmacologic tests in the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Cardiol. 1995; 75: 55A-62A.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McLaughlin V.V., Genthner D.E., Panella M.M. et al. Reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance with long- term epoprostenol (prostacyclin) therapy in primary pulmonary hypertension [see comments]. N. Eng. J. Med. 1998; 338: 273-277.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McLaughlin V.V., Genthner D.E., Panella M.M. et al. Reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance with long- term epoprostenol (prostacyclin) therapy in primary pulmonary hypertension [see comments]. N. Eng. J. Med. 1998; 338: 273-277.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galie N., Seeger W., Naeije R. et al. Comparative analysis of clinical trials and evidencebased treatment algorithm in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 43: S81-88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galie N., Seeger W., Naeije R. et al. Comparative analysis of clinical trials and evidencebased treatment algorithm in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 43: S81-88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit86"><label>86</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nootens M., Kaufman E., Rich S. Short-term effectiveness of nifedipine in secondary pulmonary hypertension. 1993. 1476.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nootens M., Kaufman E., Rich S. Short-term effectiveness of nifedipine in secondary pulmonary hypertension. 1993. 1476.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit87"><label>87</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sitbon O., Humbert M., Nunes H. et al. Long-term intravenous epoprostenol infusion in primary pulmonary hypertension: prognostic factors and survival. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2O02; 4O: 780-788.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sitbon O., Humbert M., Nunes H. et al. Long-term intravenous epoprostenol infusion in primary pulmonary hypertension: prognostic factors and survival. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2O02; 4O: 780-788.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit88"><label>88</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eysmann S.B., Palevsky H.I., Reichek N. et al. Two-dimensional and Dopplerechocardiographic and cardiac catheterization correlates of survival in primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 1989; 80: 353-360.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eysmann S.B., Palevsky H.I., Reichek N. et al. Two-dimensional and Dopplerechocardiographic and cardiac catheterization correlates of survival in primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 1989; 80: 353-360.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit89"><label>89</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raymond R.J., Hinderiiter A.L., Willis P.W. et at. Echocardiographic predictors of adverse outcomes in primary pulmonary hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2002; 39: 1214-1219.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raymond R.J., Hinderiiter A.L., Willis P.W. et at. Echocardiographic predictors of adverse outcomes in primary pulmonary hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2002; 39: 1214-1219.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit90"><label>90</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tei C., Dujardin K.S., Hodge D.O. et al. Doppler echocardiographic index for assessment of global right ventricular function [see comments]. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 1996; 9:838-847.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tei C., Dujardin K.S., Hodge D.O. et al. Doppler echocardiographic index for assessment of global right ventricular function [see comments]. J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr. 1996; 9:838-847.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit91"><label>91</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yeo T.C., Dujardin K.S., Tei C. et al. Value of a Doppler-derived index combining systolic and diastolic time intervals in predicting outcome in primary pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Cardiol. 1998; 81: 1157-1161.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeo T.C., Dujardin K.S., Tei C. et al. Value of a Doppler-derived index combining systolic and diastolic time intervals in predicting outcome in primary pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Cardiol. 1998; 81: 1157-1161.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit92"><label>92</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raffy О., Azarian R. Brenot F. et al. Clinical significance of the pulmonary vasodilator response during short-term infusion of prostacyclin in primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 1996; 93: 484-488.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raffy О., Azarian R. Brenot F. et al. Clinical significance of the pulmonary vasodilator response during short-term infusion of prostacyclin in primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 1996; 93: 484-488.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit93"><label>93</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voelkel M.A., Wynne K.M., Badesch D.B. et al. Hyperuricemia in severe pulmonary hypertension. Chest 2000; 117: 19-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voelkel M.A., Wynne K.M., Badesch D.B. et al. Hyperuricemia in severe pulmonary hypertension. Chest 2000; 117: 19-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit94"><label>94</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagaya N., Nishikimi T., Uematsu M. et al. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide as a prognostic indicator in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2000; 102: 865-870.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagaya N., Nishikimi T., Uematsu M. et al. Plasma brain natriuretic peptide as a prognostic indicator in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2000; 102: 865-870.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit95"><label>95</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nootens M., Kaufmann E., Rector T. et al. Neurohormonal activation in patients with right ventricular failure from pulmonary hypertension: relation to hemodynamic variables and endothelin levels. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1995; 26: 1581-1585.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nootens M., Kaufmann E., Rector T. et al. Neurohormonal activation in patients with right ventricular failure from pulmonary hypertension: relation to hemodynamic variables and endothelin levels. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1995; 26: 1581-1585.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit96"><label>96</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rubens C., Ewert R., Halank M. et al. Bigendothelin-1 and endothelin-1 plasma levels are correlated with the severity of primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest 2001; 120:1562-1569.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubens C., Ewert R., Halank M. et al. Bigendothelin-1 and endothelin-1 plasma levels are correlated with the severity of primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest 2001; 120:1562-1569.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit97"><label>97</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Torbicki A., Kurzyna M., Kuca P. et al. Detectable serum cardiac troponin T as a marker of poor prognosis among patients with chronic precapillary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2003; 108: 844-848.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Torbicki A., Kurzyna M., Kuca P. et al. Detectable serum cardiac troponin T as a marker of poor prognosis among patients with chronic precapillary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2003; 108: 844-848.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit98"><label>98</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galie N. Do we need controlled clinical trials in pulmonary arterial hypertension? Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 17: 1-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galie N. Do we need controlled clinical trials in pulmonary arterial hypertension? Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 17: 1-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit99"><label>99</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Badesch B.D., Abman S.H., Ahearn G.S. et al. Medical therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. ACCP Evidence-Based Guidelines for Clinical Practice. Chest 2004; 126: 355-625.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Badesch B.D., Abman S.H., Ahearn G.S. et al. Medical therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. ACCP Evidence-Based Guidelines for Clinical Practice. Chest 2004; 126: 355-625.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit100"><label>100</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manes A., Galie N., Branzi A.Women and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. (Monograph.) 2003; 8: 219-227.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manes A., Galie N., Branzi A.Women and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. (Monograph.) 2003; 8: 219-227.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit101"><label>101</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nelson D.M., Main E., Crafford W. et al. Peripartum heart failure due to primary pulmonary hypertension. Obstet. Gynecol. 1983; 62: 58s-63s.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nelson D.M., Main E., Crafford W. et al. Peripartum heart failure due to primary pulmonary hypertension. Obstet. Gynecol. 1983; 62: 58s-63s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit102"><label>102</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weiss B.M., Zemp L., Seifert B. et al. Outcome of pulmonary vascular disease in pregnancy: a systematic overview from 1978 through 1996. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998; 31: 1650-1657.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weiss B.M., Zemp L., Seifert B. et al. Outcome of pulmonary vascular disease in pregnancy: a systematic overview from 1978 through 1996. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998; 31: 1650-1657.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit103"><label>103</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nootens M., Rich S. Successful management of labor and delivery in primary pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Cardiol. 1993; 71: 1124-1125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nootens M., Rich S. Successful management of labor and delivery in primary pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Cardiol. 1993; 71: 1124-1125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit104"><label>104</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Expert consensus document on management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Eur. Heart. J. 2003; 24: 761-781.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Expert consensus document on management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Eur. Heart. J. 2003; 24: 761-781.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit105"><label>105</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abenhaim L. Moride Y., Brenot F. et al. Appetite-suppressant drugs and the risk of primary pulmonary hypertension. International Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group [see comments]. N. Eng. J. Med. 1996; 335: 609-616.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abenhaim L. Moride Y., Brenot F. et al. Appetite-suppressant drugs and the risk of primary pulmonary hypertension. International Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group [see comments]. N. Eng. J. Med. 1996; 335: 609-616.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit106"><label>106</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deanfield J., Thaulow E., Warnes C. et al. Management of grown up congenital heart disease. Eur. Heart J. 2003; 24: 1035-1084.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deanfield J., Thaulow E., Warnes C. et al. Management of grown up congenital heart disease. Eur. Heart J. 2003; 24: 1035-1084.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit107"><label>107</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanguinetti M., Galie N., Magelli C. et al. Precapillary pulmonary hypertension: effect of Captopril. G. Ital. Cardiol 1982; 12: 436-441.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanguinetti M., Galie N., Magelli C. et al. Precapillary pulmonary hypertension: effect of Captopril. G. Ital. Cardiol 1982; 12: 436-441.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit108"><label>108</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Girgis A., Sanson-Fisher R.W. Breaking bad news: consensus guidelines for medical practitioners. J. Clin. Oncol. 1995; 13: 2449-1256.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Girgis A., Sanson-Fisher R.W. Breaking bad news: consensus guidelines for medical practitioners. J. Clin. Oncol. 1995; 13: 2449-1256.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit109"><label>109</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stewart M., Davidson K., Meade D. et al. Group support for couples coping with a cardiac condition. J. Adv. Nurs. 2001; 33: 190-199.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stewart M., Davidson K., Meade D. et al. Group support for couples coping with a cardiac condition. J. Adv. Nurs. 2001; 33: 190-199.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit110"><label>110</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moser K.M., Fedullo P.F., Finkbeiner W.E. et al. Do patients with primary pulmonary hypertension develop extensive central thrombi? Circulation 1995; 91: 741-745.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moser K.M., Fedullo P.F., Finkbeiner W.E. et al. Do patients with primary pulmonary hypertension develop extensive central thrombi? Circulation 1995; 91: 741-745.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit111"><label>111</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fuster V., Steele P.M., Edwards W.D. et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension: natural history and the importance of thrombosis. Circulation 1984; 70: 580-587.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fuster V., Steele P.M., Edwards W.D. et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension: natural history and the importance of thrombosis. Circulation 1984; 70: 580-587.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit112"><label>112</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frank H., Mlczoch J., Huber K. et al. The effect of anticoagulant therapy in primary and anorectic drug-induced pulmonary hypertension. Chest 1997; 112: 714-721.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frank H., Mlczoch J., Huber K. et al. The effect of anticoagulant therapy in primary and anorectic drug-induced pulmonary hypertension. Chest 1997; 112: 714-721.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit113"><label>113</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Badesch D.B., Tapson V.F., McGoon M.D. et al. Continuous intravenous epoprostenol for pulmonary hypertension due to the scleroderma spectrum of disease. A randomized, controlled trial [see comments]. Ann. Intern. Med. 2000; 132: 425-434.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Badesch D.B., Tapson V.F., McGoon M.D. et al. Continuous intravenous epoprostenol for pulmonary hypertension due to the scleroderma spectrum of disease. A randomized, controlled trial [see comments]. Ann. Intern. Med. 2000; 132: 425-434.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit114"><label>114</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandoval J., Aguirre J.S., Pulido T. et al. Nocturnal oxygen therapy in patients with the eisenmenger syndrome. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 164: 1682-1687.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandoval J., Aguirre J.S., Pulido T. et al. Nocturnal oxygen therapy in patients with the eisenmenger syndrome. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 164: 1682-1687.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit115"><label>115</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rich S., Seidlitz M., Dodin E. et al. The short-term effects of digoxin in patients with right ventricular dysfunction from pulmonary hypertension. Chest 1998; 114: 787-792.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rich S., Seidlitz M., Dodin E. et al. The short-term effects of digoxin in patients with right ventricular dysfunction from pulmonary hypertension. Chest 1998; 114: 787-792.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit116"><label>116</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naeije R., Vachiery F. Medical treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Clin. Chest Med. 2004; 22: 517-527.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naeije R., Vachiery F. Medical treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Clin. Chest Med. 2004; 22: 517-527.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit117"><label>117</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rich S., Brundage B.H. High-dose calcium channel-blocking therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension: evidence for long-term reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure and regression of right ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation 1987; 76: 135-141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rich S., Brundage B.H. High-dose calcium channel-blocking therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension: evidence for long-term reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure and regression of right ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation 1987; 76: 135-141.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit118"><label>118</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barst R.J., Maislin G., Fishman A.P. Vasodilator therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension in children. Circulation 1999; 99: 1197-1208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barst R.J., Maislin G., Fishman A.P. Vasodilator therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension in children. Circulation 1999; 99: 1197-1208.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit119"><label>119</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rich S., Kaufmann E. High dose titration of calcium channel blocking agents for primary pulmonary hypertension: guidelines for short-term drug testing. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1991; 18: 1323-1327.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rich S., Kaufmann E. High dose titration of calcium channel blocking agents for primary pulmonary hypertension: guidelines for short-term drug testing. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1991; 18: 1323-1327.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit120"><label>120</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jones D.A., Benjamin C.W., Linseman D.A. Activation of thromboxane and prostacyclin receptors elicits opposing effects on vascular smooth muscle cell growth and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades. Mol. Pharmacol. 1995; 48: 890-896.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jones D.A., Benjamin C.W., Linseman D.A. Activation of thromboxane and prostacyclin receptors elicits opposing effects on vascular smooth muscle cell growth and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades. Mol. Pharmacol. 1995; 48: 890-896.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit121"><label>121</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barst R.J., Rubin U., Long W.A. et al. A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension. The Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group [see comments]. N. Eng. J. Med. 1996; 334: 296-302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barst R.J., Rubin U., Long W.A. et al. A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension. The Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group [see comments]. N. Eng. J. Med. 1996; 334: 296-302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit122"><label>122</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rubin L.J., Mendoza J., Hood M. et al. Treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with continuous intravenous prostacyclin (epoprostenot). Results of a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 1990; 112: 485-491.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubin L.J., Mendoza J., Hood M. et al. Treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with continuous intravenous prostacyclin (epoprostenot). Results of a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 1990; 112: 485-491.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit123"><label>123</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robbins I.M., Gaine S.P., Schilz R. et al. Epoprostenol for treatment of pulmonary hypertension in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus [see comments]. Chest 2000; 117: 14-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robbins I.M., Gaine S.P., Schilz R. et al. Epoprostenol for treatment of pulmonary hypertension in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus [see comments]. Chest 2000; 117: 14-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit124"><label>124</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mclaughlin W., Genthner D.E., Panella M.M. et al. Compassionate use of continuous prostacyclin in the management of secondary pulmonary hypertension: a case series [see comments]. Ann. Intern. Med. 1999; 130: 740-743.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mclaughlin W., Genthner D.E., Panella M.M. et al. Compassionate use of continuous prostacyclin in the management of secondary pulmonary hypertension: a case series [see comments]. Ann. Intern. Med. 1999; 130: 740-743.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit125"><label>125</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenzweig E.B., Kerstein D., Barst R.J. Long-term prostacyclin for pulmonary hypertension with associated congenital heart defects. Circulation 1999; 99: 1858-1865.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenzweig E.B., Kerstein D., Barst R.J. Long-term prostacyclin for pulmonary hypertension with associated congenital heart defects. Circulation 1999; 99: 1858-1865.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit126"><label>126</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuo P.C., Johnson L.B., Plotkin J.S. et al. Continuous intravenous infusion of epoprostenol for the treatment of portopulmonary hypertension. Transplantation 1997; 63: 604-606.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuo P.C., Johnson L.B., Plotkin J.S. et al. Continuous intravenous infusion of epoprostenol for the treatment of portopulmonary hypertension. Transplantation 1997; 63: 604-606.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit127"><label>127</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakst A.E., Gaine S.P., Rubin L.J. Continuous intravenous epoprostenol therapy for pulmonary hypertension in Gaucher's disease. Chest 1999; 116: 1127-1129.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakst A.E., Gaine S.P., Rubin L.J. Continuous intravenous epoprostenol therapy for pulmonary hypertension in Gaucher's disease. Chest 1999; 116: 1127-1129.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit128"><label>128</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aguilar R.V., Farber H.W. Epoprostenol (prostacyclin) therapy in HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 162:1846-1850.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aguilar R.V., Farber H.W. Epoprostenol (prostacyclin) therapy in HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2000; 162:1846-1850.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit129"><label>129</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Higenbottam T., Butt A.Y., McMahon A. et al. Long-term intravenous prostaglandin (epoprostenol or iloprost) for treatment of severe pulmonary hypertension. Heart 1998; 80: 151-155.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Higenbottam T., Butt A.Y., McMahon A. et al. Long-term intravenous prostaglandin (epoprostenol or iloprost) for treatment of severe pulmonary hypertension. Heart 1998; 80: 151-155.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit130"><label>130</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simonneau G., Barst R.J., Galie N. et al. Continuous subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 165: 800-804.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simonneau G., Barst R.J., Galie N. et al. Continuous subcutaneous infusion of treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 165: 800-804.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit131"><label>131</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mclaughlin V.V., Gaine S.P., Barst R.J. et al. Efficacy and safety of treprostinil: an epoprostenol analog for primary pulmonary hypertension. J.. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2003; 41: 293-299.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mclaughlin V.V., Gaine S.P., Barst R.J. et al. Efficacy and safety of treprostinil: an epoprostenol analog for primary pulmonary hypertension. J.. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2003; 41: 293-299.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit132"><label>132</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vachiery J.L., Hill N., Zwicke D. et al. Transitioning from i.v. epoprostenol to subcutaneous treprostinit in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest 2002; 121: 1561-1565.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vachiery J.L., Hill N., Zwicke D. et al. Transitioning from i.v. epoprostenol to subcutaneous treprostinit in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest 2002; 121: 1561-1565.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit133"><label>133</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galie N., Humbert M., Vachiery J.L. et al. Effects of beraprost sodium, an oral prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2002; 39: 1496-1502.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galie N., Humbert M., Vachiery J.L. et al. Effects of beraprost sodium, an oral prostacyclin analogue, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2002; 39: 1496-1502.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit134"><label>134</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoeper M.M., Olschewski H., Ghofrani H.A. et al. A comparison of the acute hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide and aerosolized iloprost in primary pulmonary hypertension. German PPH study group. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2000; 35: 176-182.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoeper M.M., Olschewski H., Ghofrani H.A. et al. A comparison of the acute hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide and aerosolized iloprost in primary pulmonary hypertension. German PPH study group. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2000; 35: 176-182.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit135"><label>135</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olschewski H., Simonneau G., Galie N. et al. Inhaled Iloprost in severe pulmonary hypertension. N. Eng. J. Med. 2002; 347: 322-329.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olschewski H., Simonneau G., Galie N. et al. Inhaled Iloprost in severe pulmonary hypertension. N. Eng. J. Med. 2002; 347: 322-329.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit136"><label>136</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoeper M.M., Schwarze M., Ehlerding S. et al. Long-term treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with aerosolized iloprost, a prostacyctin analogue. N. Eng. J. Med. 2000; 342: 1866-1870.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoeper M.M., Schwarze M., Ehlerding S. et al. Long-term treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with aerosolized iloprost, a prostacyctin analogue. N. Eng. J. Med. 2000; 342: 1866-1870.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit137"><label>137</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olschewski H., Ghofrani H.A., Walmrath D. et al. Inhaled prostacyclin and iloprost in severe pulmonary hypertension secondary to lung fibrosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 160: 600-607.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olschewski H., Ghofrani H.A., Walmrath D. et al. Inhaled prostacyclin and iloprost in severe pulmonary hypertension secondary to lung fibrosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 160: 600-607.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit138"><label>138</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Higenbottam T.W., Butt A.Y., Dinh7Xaun A.T. et al. Treatment of pulmonary hypertension with the continuous infusion of a prostacyclin analogue, iloprost. Heart 1998; 79: 175-179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Higenbottam T.W., Butt A.Y., Dinh7Xaun A.T. et al. Treatment of pulmonary hypertension with the continuous infusion of a prostacyclin analogue, iloprost. Heart 1998; 79: 175-179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit139"><label>139</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ewert R., Opitz C., Wensel R. et al. Iloprost as inhalational and intravenous long-term treatment of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Register of the Berlin Study Group for Pulmonary Hypertension. Z. Kardiol. 2000; 89: 987-999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ewert R., Opitz C., Wensel R. et al. Iloprost as inhalational and intravenous long-term treatment of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Register of the Berlin Study Group for Pulmonary Hypertension. Z. Kardiol. 2000; 89: 987-999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit140"><label>140</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stewart D.J., Levy R.D., Cernacek P. et al. Increased plasma endothelin-1 in pulmonary hypertension: marker or mediator of disease? Ann. Intern. Med. 1941: 114: 464-469.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stewart D.J., Levy R.D., Cernacek P. et al. Increased plasma endothelin-1 in pulmonary hypertension: marker or mediator of disease? Ann. Intern. Med. 1941: 114: 464-469.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit141"><label>141</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giaid A., Yanagisawa M., Langleben D. et al. Expression of endothelin-1 in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension. N. Eng. J. Мed. 1993; 328: 1732-1739.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giaid A., Yanagisawa M., Langleben D. et al. Expression of endothelin-1 in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension. N. Eng. J. Мed. 1993; 328: 1732-1739.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit142"><label>142</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clozel M., Breu V., Gray G.A. et al. In vivo pharmacology of Ro 46-2005, the first synthetic nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonist: implications for endothelin physiology. J. Cardlovasc. Pharmacol. 1993; 22: S377-S379.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clozel M., Breu V., Gray G.A. et al. In vivo pharmacology of Ro 46-2005, the first synthetic nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonist: implications for endothelin physiology. J. Cardlovasc. Pharmacol. 1993; 22: S377-S379.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit143"><label>143</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Channick R., Badesch D.B., Tapson V.F. et al. Effects of the dual endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a placebo-controlled study. J. Heart Lung. Transplant. 20O1; 2O: 262-263.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Channick R., Badesch D.B., Tapson V.F. et al. Effects of the dual endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with pulmonary hypertension: a placebo-controlled study. J. Heart Lung. Transplant. 20O1; 2O: 262-263.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit144"><label>144</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rubin L.J., Badesch D.B., Barst R.J. et al. Bosentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. N. Eng. J. Med. 2002; 346: 896-903.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubin L.J., Badesch D.B., Barst R.J. et al. Bosentan therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. N. Eng. J. Med. 2002; 346: 896-903.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit145"><label>145</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fattinger K., Funk C., Pantze M. et al. The endothelin antagonist bosentan inhibits the canalicular bile salt export pump: A potential mechanism for hepatic adverse reactions. Gin. Pharmacol. Therapeutics 2001; 69: 223-231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fattinger K., Funk C., Pantze M. et al. The endothelin antagonist bosentan inhibits the canalicular bile salt export pump: A potential mechanism for hepatic adverse reactions. Gin. Pharmacol. Therapeutics 2001; 69: 223-231.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit146"><label>146</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sitbon 0., Badesch D.B., Channick R.N. et al. Effects of the dual endothetin receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a 1-year follow-up study. Chest 2003;124: 247-254.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sitbon 0., Badesch D.B., Channick R.N. et al. Effects of the dual endothetin receptor antagonist bosentan in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a 1-year follow-up study. Chest 2003;124: 247-254.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit147"><label>147</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim N.S., Channick R., Rubin L.J. Successful withdrawal of chronic epoprostenol therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest 2003; 124: 1612-1615.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim N.S., Channick R., Rubin L.J. Successful withdrawal of chronic epoprostenol therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest 2003; 124: 1612-1615.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit148"><label>148</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barst R.J., Ivy D., Dingemanse J. et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of bosentan in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2003; 73: 372-382.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barst R.J., Ivy D., Dingemanse J. et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of bosentan in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2003; 73: 372-382.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit149"><label>149</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barst R.J., Rich S., Widlitz A. et al. Clinical efficacy of sitaxsentan, an endothelin-A receptor antagonist, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: open-label pilot study. Chest 2002; 121: 1860-1868.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barst R.J., Rich S., Widlitz A. et al. Clinical efficacy of sitaxsentan, an endothelin-A receptor antagonist, in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: open-label pilot study. Chest 2002; 121: 1860-1868.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit150"><label>150</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rubin L.J., Galie N., Badesch B.D. et al. Ambrisentan improves exercise capacity and clinical measures in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Am. J. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 169: A210. 06_2006_end.qxd 09.01.2007 14:32 Page 49 Руководство по диагностике и лечению легочной артериальной гипертензии 50 Пульмонология 6'2006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubin L.J., Galie N., Badesch B.D. et al. Ambrisentan improves exercise capacity and clinical measures in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Am. J. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 169: A210. 06_2006_end.qxd 09.01.2007 14:32 Page 49 Руководство по диагностике и лечению легочной артериальной гипертензии 50 Пульмонология 6'2006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit151"><label>151</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corbin J.D., Francis S.H. Cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase-5: target of sildenafil. J. Biol. Chem. 1999; 274: 13729-13732.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corbin J.D., Francis S.H. Cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase-5: target of sildenafil. J. Biol. Chem. 1999; 274: 13729-13732.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit152"><label>152</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manes A., Tantini B., Galie N. et al. Effects of sildenafil on growth and viability of cultured human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2OO3; 41: 223A.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manes A., Tantini B., Galie N. et al. Effects of sildenafil on growth and viability of cultured human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2OO3; 41: 223A.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit153"><label>153</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poison J.B., Strada S.J. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and vascular smooth muscle. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxico.l 1996;.36: 403-427.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poison J.B., Strada S.J. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and vascular smooth muscle. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxico.l 1996;.36: 403-427.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit154"><label>154</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohen A.H., Hanson K., Morris К. et al. Inhibition of cyclic 3/-5/-guanosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase selectively vasodilates the pulmonary circulation in chronically hypoxic rats. J. Clin. Invest. 1996; 97: 172-179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohen A.H., Hanson K., Morris К. et al. Inhibition of cyclic 3/-5/-guanosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase selectively vasodilates the pulmonary circulation in chronically hypoxic rats. J. Clin. Invest. 1996; 97: 172-179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit155"><label>155</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanson K.A., Burns F., Rybalkin S.D. et al. Developmental changes in lung cGMP phosphodiesterase-5 activity, protein, and message. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 158: 279-288.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanson K.A., Burns F., Rybalkin S.D. et al. Developmental changes in lung cGMP phosphodiesterase-5 activity, protein, and message. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 158: 279-288.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit156"><label>156</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanson K.A., Ziegler J.W., Rybalkin S.D. et al. Chronic pulmonary hypertension increases fetal lung cGMP phosphodiesterase activity. Am. J. Physiol. 1998; 275: L931-L941.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanson K.A., Ziegler J.W., Rybalkin S.D. et al. Chronic pulmonary hypertension increases fetal lung cGMP phosphodiesterase activity. Am. J. Physiol. 1998; 275: L931-L941.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit157"><label>157</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prasad S., Wilkinson J., Gatzoulis M.A. Sildenafil in primary pulmonary hypertension. N. Eng. J. Med. 2000; 343: 1342.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prasad S., Wilkinson J., Gatzoulis M.A. Sildenafil in primary pulmonary hypertension. N. Eng. J. Med. 2000; 343: 1342.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit158"><label>158</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhatia S., Frantz R.P., Severson C.J. et al. Immediate and long-term hemodynamic and clinical effects of sildenafil in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension receiving vasodilator therapy. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2003; 78: 1207-1213.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhatia S., Frantz R.P., Severson C.J. et al. Immediate and long-term hemodynamic and clinical effects of sildenafil in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension receiving vasodilator therapy. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2003; 78: 1207-1213.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit159"><label>159</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Michelakis E.D., Tymchak W., Noga M. et al. Long-term treatment with oral sildenafil is safe and improves functional capacity and hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation 2003; 108: 2066-2069.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Michelakis E.D., Tymchak W., Noga M. et al. Long-term treatment with oral sildenafil is safe and improves functional capacity and hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation 2003; 108: 2066-2069.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit160"><label>160</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghofrani H.A., Schermuly R.T., Rose F. et al. Sildenafil for long-term treatment of nonoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 167:1139-1141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghofrani H.A., Schermuly R.T., Rose F. et al. Sildenafil for long-term treatment of nonoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 167:1139-1141.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit161"><label>161</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghofrani H.A., Wiedemann R., Rose F. et al. Sildenafil for treatment of lung fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 895-900.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghofrani H.A., Wiedemann R., Rose F. et al. Sildenafil for treatment of lung fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 895-900.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit162"><label>162</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghofrani A., for the Sildenafil 1140 Study Group. Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in pulmonary arterial hypertension: results of a multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial; Am. Coll. Chest Physicians; 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghofrani A., for the Sildenafil 1140 Study Group. Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in pulmonary arterial hypertension: results of a multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial; Am. Coll. Chest Physicians; 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit163"><label>163</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Humbert M., Barst R., Robbins I. et al. Combination of Epoprosterol and Bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension: BREATHE-2. Eur. Respir. J. 2004; 24: 353-359.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Humbert M., Barst R., Robbins I. et al. Combination of Epoprosterol and Bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension: BREATHE-2. Eur. Respir. J. 2004; 24: 353-359.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit164"><label>164</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoeper M., Taha N., Bekjarova A. et al. Bosentan treatment in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension receiving nonparenteral prostanoids. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 330-334.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoeper M., Taha N., Bekjarova A. et al. Bosentan treatment in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension receiving nonparenteral prostanoids. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 330-334.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit165"><label>165</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghofrani H.A., Rose F., Schermuly R.T. et al. Oral sildenafil as long-term adjunct therapy to inhaled iloprost in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2003; 42: 158-164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghofrani H.A., Rose F., Schermuly R.T. et al. Oral sildenafil as long-term adjunct therapy to inhaled iloprost in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2003; 42: 158-164.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit166"><label>166</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Austen W.G., Morrow A.G., Berry W.B. Experimental studies of the surgical treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Sur. 1964; 48: 448-455.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Austen W.G., Morrow A.G., Berry W.B. Experimental studies of the surgical treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Sur. 1964; 48: 448-455.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit167"><label>167</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rozkovec A., Montanes P., Oakley C.M. Factors that influence the outcome of primary pulmonary hypertension. Br. Heart J. 1986; 55: 449-458.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rozkovec A., Montanes P., Oakley C.M. Factors that influence the outcome of primary pulmonary hypertension. Br. Heart J. 1986; 55: 449-458.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit168"><label>168</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandoval J., Rothman A., Pulido T. Atrial septostomy for pulmonary hypertension. Clin. Chest. Med. 2001; 22: 547-560.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandoval J., Rothman A., Pulido T. Atrial septostomy for pulmonary hypertension. Clin. Chest. Med. 2001; 22: 547-560.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit169"><label>169</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klepetko W., Mayer E., Sandoval J. et al. Interventional and surgical modalities of treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 43: S73-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klepetko W., Mayer E., Sandoval J. et al. Interventional and surgical modalities of treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 43: S73-80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit170"><label>170</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hertz M.l., Taylor D.O., Trulock E.P. et al. The registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Nineteenth Official Report 2002. J. Heart Lung. Transplant. 2002; 21: 950-970.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hertz M.l., Taylor D.O., Trulock E.P. et al. The registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Nineteenth Official Report 2002. J. Heart Lung. Transplant. 2002; 21: 950-970.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit171"><label>171</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Long W. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn syndrome. In: Long WA, editor. Fetal and neonatal cardiology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1989. 627-655.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Long W. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn syndrome. In: Long WA, editor. Fetal and neonatal cardiology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1989. 627-655.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit172"><label>172</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weigel T.J., Hageman J.R. National survey of diagnosis and management of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. J. Perinatol. 1990; 10: 369-375.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weigel T.J., Hageman J.R. National survey of diagnosis and management of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. J. Perinatol. 1990; 10: 369-375.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit173"><label>173</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clark R.H., Kueser T.J., Walker M.W. et al. Low-dose nitric oxide therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Clinical Inhaled Nitric Oxide Research Group. N. Eng. J. Med. 20O0; 342: 469-474.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clark R.H., Kueser T.J., Walker M.W. et al. Low-dose nitric oxide therapy for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Clinical Inhaled Nitric Oxide Research Group. N. Eng. J. Med. 20O0; 342: 469-474.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit174"><label>174</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walsh M.C., Stork E.K. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Rational therapy based on pathophysiology. Clin Perinatol 2001; 28: 609-627.. vii.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walsh M.C., Stork E.K. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Rational therapy based on pathophysiology. Clin Perinatol 2001; 28: 609-627.. vii.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit175"><label>175</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandoval J., Bauerle O., Gomez A. et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension in children: clinical characterization and survival. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1995; 25: 466-474.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandoval J., Bauerle O., Gomez A. et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension in children: clinical characterization and survival. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1995; 25: 466-474.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit176"><label>176</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaine S.P., Rubin L.J. Primary pulmonary hypertension. Lancet 1998; 352: 719-725. [published erratum appears in Lancet 1999 Jan 2;353(9146):74].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaine S.P., Rubin L.J. Primary pulmonary hypertension. Lancet 1998; 352: 719-725. [published erratum appears in Lancet 1999 Jan 2;353(9146):74].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit177"><label>177</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barst R., Ivy D., Widlitz A.C. et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of bosentan in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2003; 73: 372-382.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barst R., Ivy D., Widlitz A.C. et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of bosentan in pediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2003; 73: 372-382.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit178"><label>178</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abrams D., Schulze7Neick I., Magee A.G. Sildenafil as a selective pulmonary vasodilator in childhood primary pulmonary hypertension. Heart 2000; 84: E4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abrams D., Schulze7Neick I., Magee A.G. Sildenafil as a selective pulmonary vasodilator in childhood primary pulmonary hypertension. Heart 2000; 84: E4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit179"><label>179</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vongpatanasin W., Brickner M.E., Hillis L.D. et al. The Eisenmenger syndrome in adults. Ann. Intern. Med. 1998; 128: 745-755.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vongpatanasin W., Brickner M.E., Hillis L.D. et al. The Eisenmenger syndrome in adults. Ann. Intern. Med. 1998; 128: 745-755.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit180"><label>180</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hopkins W.E., Ochoa L.L., Richardson G.W. et al. Comparison of the hemodynamics and survival of adults with severe primary pulmonary hypertension or Eisenmenger syndrome. J. Heart Lung. Transplant. 1996; 15: 100-105.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hopkins W.E., Ochoa L.L., Richardson G.W. et al. Comparison of the hemodynamics and survival of adults with severe primary pulmonary hypertension or Eisenmenger syndrome. J. Heart Lung. Transplant. 1996; 15: 100-105.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit181"><label>181</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berman E.B., Barst R.J. Eisenmenger's syndrome: current management. Pros. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2002; 45: 129-138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berman E.B., Barst R.J. Eisenmenger's syndrome: current management. Pros. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2002; 45: 129-138.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit182"><label>182</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sandoval J., Aguirre J.S., Pulido T. et al. Nocturnal oxygen therapy in patients with the Eisenmenger syndrome. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 164: 1682-1687.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sandoval J., Aguirre J.S., Pulido T. et al. Nocturnal oxygen therapy in patients with the Eisenmenger syndrome. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 164: 1682-1687.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit183"><label>183</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brickner M.E., Hillis L.D., Lange R.A. Congenital heart-sease'in admits. Second of two parts. N EngJ Med 2000:342:334-42. [published erratum appears in N. Engl. J. Med. 2000 Mar 30;342(13):988].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brickner M.E., Hillis L.D., Lange R.A. Congenital heart-sease'in admits. Second of two parts. N EngJ Med 2000:342:334-42. [published erratum appears in N. Engl. J. Med. 2000 Mar 30;342(13):988].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit184"><label>184</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hadengue A., Benhayoun M.K., Lebrec D. et al. Pulmonary hypertension complicating portal hypertension: prevalence and relation to splanchnic hemodynamics. Castroenterotogy 1991; 100: 520-528.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hadengue A., Benhayoun M.K., Lebrec D. et al. Pulmonary hypertension complicating portal hypertension: prevalence and relation to splanchnic hemodynamics. Castroenterotogy 1991; 100: 520-528.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit185"><label>185</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herve P., Lebrec D., Brenot F. et al. Pulmonary vascular disorders in portal hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 1998; 11: 1153-1166.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herve P., Lebrec D., Brenot F. et al. Pulmonary vascular disorders in portal hypertension. Eur. Respir. J. 1998; 11: 1153-1166.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit186"><label>186</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoeper M.M., Krowka M.J., Strassburg C.P. Portopulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome. Lancet 2004; 363: 1461-1468.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoeper M.M., Krowka M.J., Strassburg C.P. Portopulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome. Lancet 2004; 363: 1461-1468.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit187"><label>187</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McDonnell P.J., Toye P.A., Hutchins G.M. Primary pulmonary hypertension and cirrhosis: are they related. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1983; 127: 437-441.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McDonnell P.J., Toye P.A., Hutchins G.M. Primary pulmonary hypertension and cirrhosis: are they related. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1983; 127: 437-441.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit188"><label>188</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The International Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study (IPPHS). Chest 1994; 105: 37S-41S.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The International Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study (IPPHS). Chest 1994; 105: 37S-41S.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit189"><label>189</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lebrec О., Capron JP., Dhumeaux D. et al. Pulmonary hypertension complicating portal hypertension. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1979:120:849-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebrec О., Capron JP., Dhumeaux D. et al. Pulmonary hypertension complicating portal hypertension. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1979:120:849-56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit190"><label>190</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ruttner J.R., Bartschi J.P., Niedermann R. et al. Plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy and liver cirrhosis. Thorax 1980; 35: 133-136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ruttner J.R., Bartschi J.P., Niedermann R. et al. Plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy and liver cirrhosis. Thorax 1980; 35: 133-136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit191"><label>191</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuo P.C., Plotkin J.S., Johnson L.B. et al. Distinctive clinical features of portopulmonary hypertension [see comments]. Chest 1997; 112: 980-986.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuo P.C., Plotkin J.S., Johnson L.B. et al. Distinctive clinical features of portopulmonary hypertension [see comments]. Chest 1997; 112: 980-986.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit192"><label>192</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robalino B.D., Moodie D.S. Association between primary pulmonary hypertension and portal hypertension: analysis of its pathophysiology and clinical, laboratory and hemodynamic manifestations. J. Am. ColI. Cardiol. 1991; 17: 492-498.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robalino B.D., Moodie D.S. Association between primary pulmonary hypertension and portal hypertension: analysis of its pathophysiology and clinical, laboratory and hemodynamic manifestations. J. Am. ColI. Cardiol. 1991; 17: 492-498.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit193"><label>193</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plotkin J.S., Kuo P.C., Rubin L.J. et al. Successful use of chronic epoprostenol as a bridge to liver transplantation in severe portopulmonary hypertension. Transplantation 1998; 65: 457-459.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plotkin J.S., Kuo P.C., Rubin L.J. et al. Successful use of chronic epoprostenol as a bridge to liver transplantation in severe portopulmonary hypertension. Transplantation 1998; 65: 457-459.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit194"><label>194</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krowka M.J., Frantz R.P., McGoon M.D. et al. Improvement in pulmonary hemodynamics during intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin): A study of 15 patients with moderate to severe portopulmonary hypertension. Hepatology 1999; 30: 641-648.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krowka M.J., Frantz R.P., McGoon M.D. et al. Improvement in pulmonary hemodynamics during intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin): A study of 15 patients with moderate to severe portopulmonary hypertension. Hepatology 1999; 30: 641-648.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit195"><label>195</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Findlay J.Y., Plevak D.J., Krowka M.J. et al. Progressive splenomegaly after epoprostenol therapy in portopulmonary hypertension. Liver Transpl. Surg. 1999; 5: 362-365.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Findlay J.Y., Plevak D.J., Krowka M.J. et al. Progressive splenomegaly after epoprostenol therapy in portopulmonary hypertension. Liver Transpl. Surg. 1999; 5: 362-365.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit196"><label>196</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krowka M.J., Plevak D.J., Findlay J.Y. et al. Pulmonary hemodynamics and perioperative cardiopulmonary-related mortality in patients with portopulmonary hypertension undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2000; 6: 443-450.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krowka M.J., Plevak D.J., Findlay J.Y. et al. Pulmonary hemodynamics and perioperative cardiopulmonary-related mortality in patients with portopulmonary hypertension undergoing liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2000; 6: 443-450.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit197"><label>197</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tan H.P., Markowitz J.S., Montgomery R.A. et al. Liver transplantation in patients with severe portopulmonary hypertension treated with preoperative chronic intravenous epoprostenol. Liver Transpl. 2001; 7: 745-749.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tan H.P., Markowitz J.S., Montgomery R.A. et al. Liver transplantation in patients with severe portopulmonary hypertension treated with preoperative chronic intravenous epoprostenol. Liver Transpl. 2001; 7: 745-749.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit198"><label>198</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pirenne J., Verleden G., Nevens F. et al. Combined liver and (heart) lung transplantation in liver transplant candidates with refractory portopulmonary hypertension. Transplantation 2002; 73: 140-142.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pirenne J., Verleden G., Nevens F. et al. Combined liver and (heart) lung transplantation in liver transplant candidates with refractory portopulmonary hypertension. Transplantation 2002; 73: 140-142.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit199"><label>199</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schott R., Chaouat A., Launoy A. et al. Improvement of pulmonary hypertension after liver transplantation. Chest 1999; 115: 1748-1749.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schott R., Chaouat A., Launoy A. et al. Improvement of pulmonary hypertension after liver transplantation. Chest 1999; 115: 1748-1749.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit200"><label>200</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitchell D.M., Miller R.F. AIDS and the lung: update 1995. 2. New developments in the pulmonary diseases affecting HIV infected individuals. Thorax 1995; 50: 294-302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitchell D.M., Miller R.F. AIDS and the lung: update 1995. 2. New developments in the pulmonary diseases affecting HIV infected individuals. Thorax 1995; 50: 294-302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit201"><label>201</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mehta N.J., Khan I.A., Mehta R.N. et al. HIV-related pulmonary hypertension: analytic review of 131 cases. Chest 2000; 118: 1133-1141.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mehta N.J., Khan I.A., Mehta R.N. et al. HIV-related pulmonary hypertension: analytic review of 131 cases. Chest 2000; 118: 1133-1141.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit202"><label>202</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mehta N.J., Khan I.A., Mehta R.N. et al. Acute coronary syndrome in patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease. Angiology 2002; 53: 545-549.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mehta N.J., Khan I.A., Mehta R.N. et al. Acute coronary syndrome in patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease. Angiology 2002; 53: 545-549.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit203"><label>203</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Opravil M., Pechere M., Speich R. et al. HIV-associated primary pulmonary hypertension. A case control study. Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997; 155: 990-995.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Opravil M., Pechere M., Speich R. et al. HIV-associated primary pulmonary hypertension. A case control study. Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997; 155: 990-995.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit204"><label>204</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Humbert M., Monti G., Fartoukh M. et al. Platelet-derived growth factor expression in primary pulmonary hypertension: comparison of HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative patients. Eur. Respir. J. 1998; 11: 554-559.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Humbert M., Monti G., Fartoukh M. et al. Platelet-derived growth factor expression in primary pulmonary hypertension: comparison of HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative patients. Eur. Respir. J. 1998; 11: 554-559.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit205"><label>205</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ehrenreich H., Rieckmann P., Sinowatz F. et al. Potent stimulation of monocytic endothelin-1 production by HIV-1 glycoprotein 120. J. Immunol. 1993; 150: 4601-4609.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ehrenreich H., Rieckmann P., Sinowatz F. et al. Potent stimulation of monocytic endothelin-1 production by HIV-1 glycoprotein 120. J. Immunol. 1993; 150: 4601-4609.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit206"><label>206</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mette S.A., Palevsky H.I., Pietra G.G. et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A possible viral etiology for some forms of hypertensive pulmonary arteriopathy. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1992; 145: 1196-1200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mette S.A., Palevsky H.I., Pietra G.G. et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A possible viral etiology for some forms of hypertensive pulmonary arteriopathy. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1992; 145: 1196-1200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit207"><label>207</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tuder R.M., Groves B., Badesch D.B. et al. Exuberant endothelial cell growth and elements of inflammation are present in plexiform lesions of pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Pathol. 1994; 144: 275-285.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tuder R.M., Groves B., Badesch D.B. et al. Exuberant endothelial cell growth and elements of inflammation are present in plexiform lesions of pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Pathol. 1994; 144: 275-285.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit208"><label>208</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voelkel N.F., Cool C., Lee S.O. et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension between inflammation and cancer. Chest 1998; 114: 2255-2305.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voelkel N.F., Cool C., Lee S.O. et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension between inflammation and cancer. Chest 1998; 114: 2255-2305.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit209"><label>209</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nunes H., Humbert M., Sitbon О. et al. Prognostic factors for survival in human immunodeficiency virus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 167: 1433-1439.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nunes H., Humbert M., Sitbon О. et al. Prognostic factors for survival in human immunodeficiency virus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 167: 1433-1439.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit210"><label>210</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petitpretz P., Brenot F., Azarian R. et al. Pulmonary hypertension in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Comparison with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 1994; 89: 2722-2727.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petitpretz P., Brenot F., Azarian R. et al. Pulmonary hypertension in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Comparison with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 1994; 89: 2722-2727.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit211"><label>211</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Speich R., Jenni R., Opravil M. et al. Regression of HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension and long-term survival during antiretroviral therapy. Swiss Med. Wkly 2001; 131: 663-665.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Speich R., Jenni R., Opravil M. et al. Regression of HIV-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension and long-term survival during antiretroviral therapy. Swiss Med. Wkly 2001; 131: 663-665.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit212"><label>212</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sitbon О., Gressin V., Speich R. et al. Bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with HIV infection. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 22: 563s.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sitbon О., Gressin V., Speich R. et al. Bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with HIV infection. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 22: 563s.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit213"><label>213</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoeper M., Galie N., Simonneau G. et al. New treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 165: 1209-1216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoeper M., Galie N., Simonneau G. et al. New treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2002; 165: 1209-1216.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit214"><label>214</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mukerjee D., St. George D., Coleiro B. et al. Prevalence and outcome in systemic sclerosis associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: application of a registry approach. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2003; 62: 1088-1093.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mukerjee D., St. George D., Coleiro B. et al. Prevalence and outcome in systemic sclerosis associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: application of a registry approach. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2003; 62: 1088-1093.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit215"><label>215</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pan T.L., Thumboo J., Boey M.L. Primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2000; 9: 338-342.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pan T.L., Thumboo J., Boey M.L. Primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2000; 9: 338-342.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit216"><label>216</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanchez О., Humbert M., Sitbon О. et al. Treatment of pulmonary hypertension secondary to connective tissue diseases. Thorax 1999; 54: 273-277.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanchez О., Humbert M., Sitbon О. et al. Treatment of pulmonary hypertension secondary to connective tissue diseases. Thorax 1999; 54: 273-277.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit217"><label>217</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fagan K.A., Badesch D.B. Pulmonary hypertension associated with connective tissue disease. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2002; 45: 225-234.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fagan K.A., Badesch D.B. Pulmonary hypertension associated with connective tissue disease. Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2002; 45: 225-234.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit218"><label>218</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoshida S., Katayama M. Pulmonary hypertension in patients with connective tissue diseases. Nippon Rinsho 2001; 59: 1164-1167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoshida S., Katayama M. Pulmonary hypertension in patients with connective tissue diseases. Nippon Rinsho 2001; 59: 1164-1167.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit219"><label>219</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Humbert M., Sanchez О., Fartoukh M. et al. Short-term and long-term epoprostenol (prostacyclin) therapy In pulmonary hypertension secondary to connective tissue diseases: results of a pilot study. Eur. Respir. J. 1999; 13: 1351-1356.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Humbert M., Sanchez О., Fartoukh M. et al. Short-term and long-term epoprostenol (prostacyclin) therapy In pulmonary hypertension secondary to connective tissue diseases: results of a pilot study. Eur. Respir. J. 1999; 13: 1351-1356.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit220"><label>220</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuhn K.P., Byrne D.W., Arbogast P.G. et al. Outcome in 91 consecutive patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension receiving epoprostenol. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003: 167: 580-586.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuhn K.P., Byrne D.W., Arbogast P.G. et al. Outcome in 91 consecutive patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension receiving epoprostenol. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003: 167: 580-586.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit221"><label>221</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oudiz R., Schilz R., Barst R. et al. Treprostinit, a prostacyclin analogue, in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease. Chest 2004; 126: 420-427.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oudiz R., Schilz R., Barst R. et al. Treprostinit, a prostacyclin analogue, in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease. Chest 2004; 126: 420-427.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit222"><label>222</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holcomb Jr B.W., Loyd J.E., Ely E.W. et at. Pulmonary venoocclusive disease: a case series and new observations. Chest 2000; 118: 1671-1679.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holcomb Jr B.W., Loyd J.E., Ely E.W. et at. Pulmonary venoocclusive disease: a case series and new observations. Chest 2000; 118: 1671-1679.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit223"><label>223</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Langleben D., Heneghan J.M., Batten A.P. et al. Familial pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis resulting in primary pulmonary hypertension. Ann. Intern. Med. 1988; 109: 106-109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Langleben D., Heneghan J.M., Batten A.P. et al. Familial pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis resulting in primary pulmonary hypertension. Ann. Intern. Med. 1988; 109: 106-109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit224"><label>224</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Runo J.R., Vnencak7Jones C.L., Prince M. et al. Pulmonary venoocclusive disease caused by an inherited mutation in bone morphogenetic protein receptor II. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 167: 889-894.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Runo J.R., Vnencak7Jones C.L., Prince M. et al. Pulmonary venoocclusive disease caused by an inherited mutation in bone morphogenetic protein receptor II. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2003; 167: 889-894.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit225"><label>225</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dufour B., Maitre S., Humbert M. et al. High-resolution CT of the chest in four patients with pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis or pulmonary venoocclusive disease. Am. J. Roentgenol. 1998; 171: 1321-1324.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dufour B., Maitre S., Humbert M. et al. High-resolution CT of the chest in four patients with pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis or pulmonary venoocclusive disease. Am. J. Roentgenol. 1998; 171: 1321-1324.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit226"><label>226</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Resten A., Maitre S., Humbert M. et al. Pulmonary hypertension: CT of the chest in pulmonary venoocclusive disease. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2004; 183: 65-70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Resten A., Maitre S., Humbert M. et al. Pulmonary hypertension: CT of the chest in pulmonary venoocclusive disease. Am. J. Roentgenol. 2004; 183: 65-70.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit227"><label>227</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Swensen S.J., Tashjian J.H., Myers J.L. et al. Pulmonary venoocclusive disease: CT findings in eight patients. Am. J. Roentgenol. 1996; 167: 937-940.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Swensen S.J., Tashjian J.H., Myers J.L. et al. Pulmonary venoocclusive disease: CT findings in eight patients. Am. J. Roentgenol. 1996; 167: 937-940.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit228"><label>228</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rabiller A., Humbert M., Sitbon M. et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage as a diagnostic tool in pulmonary hypertension: occult alveolar hemorrhage is a common feature of pulmonary venoocclusive disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 167: A276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rabiller A., Humbert M., Sitbon M. et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage as a diagnostic tool in pulmonary hypertension: occult alveolar hemorrhage is a common feature of pulmonary venoocclusive disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 167: A276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit229"><label>229</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palmer S.M., Robinson L.J., Wang A. et al. Massive pulmonary edema and death after prostacyclin infusion in a patient with pulmonary venoocclusive disease. Chest 1998; 113: 237-240.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palmer S.M., Robinson L.J., Wang A. et al. Massive pulmonary edema and death after prostacyclin infusion in a patient with pulmonary venoocclusive disease. Chest 1998; 113: 237-240.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit230"><label>230</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Humbert M., Maitre S., Capron F. et al. Pulmonary edema complicating continuous intravenous prostacyclin in pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 157: 1681-1685.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Humbert M., Maitre S., Capron F. et al. Pulmonary edema complicating continuous intravenous prostacyclin in pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 157: 1681-1685.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
