<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2006-5-82-96</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-1498</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Легочная гиперинфляция у больных хронической
обструктивной болезнью легких</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>С.Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2006</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>10</month><year>2006</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Авдеев
                 С., 2006</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2006</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Авдеев
                 С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Авдеев
                 С.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1498">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1498</self-uri></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases (GOLD). Global strategy for diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI / WHO workshop report. Publication Number 2701, April 2001: 1-100. Updated 2005. GOLD website (www.goldcopd.com).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases (GOLD). Global strategy for diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI / WHO workshop report. Publication Number 2701, April 2001: 1-100. Updated 2005. GOLD website (www.goldcopd.com).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ZuWallack R. Clinical interpretation of health-related quality of life outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. Rev. 2002; 12 (83): 65-66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ZuWallack R. Clinical interpretation of health-related quality of life outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. Rev. 2002; 12 (83): 65-66.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Donnell D.E. Hyperinflation, dyspnea, and exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2006; 3: 180-184.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Donnell D.E. Hyperinflation, dyspnea, and exercise intolerance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2006; 3: 180-184.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolkove N., Dajczman E., Colacone A. et al. The relationship between pulmonary function and dyspnea in obstructive lung disease. Chest 1989; 96: 1247-1251.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolkove N., Dajczman E., Colacone A. et al. The relationship between pulmonary function and dyspnea in obstructive lung disease. Chest 1989; 96: 1247-1251.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hay J.G., Stone P., Carter J. et al. Bronchodilator reversibility, exercise performance and breathlessness in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 1992; 5: 659-664.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hay J.G., Stone P., Carter J. et al. Bronchodilator reversibility, exercise performance and breathlessness in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 1992; 5: 659-664.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belman M.J., Botnick W.C., Shin J.W. Inhaled bronchodilators reduce dynamic hyperinflation during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1996; 153: 967-975.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belman M.J., Botnick W.C., Shin J.W. Inhaled bronchodilators reduce dynamic hyperinflation during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1996; 153: 967-975.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Donnell D.E., Lam M., Webb K.A. Spirometric correlates of improvement in exercise performance after anticholinergic therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 160: 542-549.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Donnell D.E., Lam M., Webb K.A. Spirometric correlates of improvement in exercise performance after anticholinergic therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 160: 542-549.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черняк А.В., Авдеев С.Н., Пашкова Т.Л., Айсанов З.Р. Бронходилатационный тест у больных с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких. Пульмонология 2003; 1: 50-56.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Черняк А.В., Авдеев С.Н., Пашкова Т.Л., Айсанов З.Р. Бронходилатационный тест у больных с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких. Пульмонология 2003; 1: 50-56.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stokes W. A treatise on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the chest. Part 1. Diseases of the lung and windpipe. London: The New Sydenham Society; 1837. 168-169. www.medcyclopaedia.com</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stokes W. A treatise on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the chest. Part 1. Diseases of the lung and windpipe. London: The New Sydenham Society; 1837. 168-169. www.medcyclopaedia.com</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Donnell D.E. Introduction. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2006; 3: 175.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Donnell D.E. Introduction. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2006; 3: 175.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dixon W.E., Brodie T.G. Contributions to the physiology of the lungs. 1. The bronchial muscles, their innervation, and the action of drugs upon them. J. Physiol. 1903; 29:97-173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dixon W.E., Brodie T.G. Contributions to the physiology of the lungs. 1. The bronchial muscles, their innervation, and the action of drugs upon them. J. Physiol. 1903; 29:97-173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Comroe J.H. The lung: clinical physiology and pulmonary function tests (based on the 1954 Beaumont lecture). Chicago, Illinois: Year Book Medical Publishers; 1955.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Comroe J.H. The lung: clinical physiology and pulmonary function tests (based on the 1954 Beaumont lecture). Chicago, Illinois: Year Book Medical Publishers; 1955.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вотчал Б.Е. Эмфизема легких. В кн. Молчанов Н.С. (ред.). Болезни органов дыхания. М.: Медицина; 1964. 247-282.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вотчал Б.Е. Эмфизема легких. В кн. Молчанов Н.С. (ред.). Болезни органов дыхания. М.: Медицина; 1964. 247-282.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Potter W.A., Olafsson S., Hyatt R.E. Ventilatory mechanics and expiratory flow limitation during exercise in patients with obstructive lung disease. J. Clin. Invest. 1971; 50: 910-919.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potter W.A., Olafsson S., Hyatt R.E. Ventilatory mechanics and expiratory flow limitation during exercise in patients with obstructive lung disease. J. Clin. Invest. 1971; 50: 910-919.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Macklem P.T. Hyperinflation. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1984; 129: 1-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macklem P.T. Hyperinflation. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1984; 129: 1-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Donnell D.E., Webb K.A. Exertional breathlessness in patients with chronic airflow limitation. The role of lung hyperinflation. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993; 148: 1351-1357.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Donnell D.E., Webb K.A. Exertional breathlessness in patients with chronic airflow limitation. The role of lung hyperinflation. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993; 148: 1351-1357.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calverley P.M.A., Koulouris N.G. Flow limitation and dynamic hyperinflation: key concepts in modern respiratory physiology. Eur. Respir. J. 2005; 25:186-199.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calverley P.M.A., Koulouris N.G. Flow limitation and dynamic hyperinflation: key concepts in modern respiratory physiology. Eur. Respir. J. 2005; 25:186-199.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">www.medcyclopaedia.com</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">www.medcyclopaedia.com</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gibson G.J. Pulmonary hyperinflation a clinical overview. Eur. Respir. J. 1996; 9: 2640-2649.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gibson G.J. Pulmonary hyperinflation a clinical overview. Eur. Respir. J. 1996; 9: 2640-2649.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferguson G. Why does the lung hyperinflate? Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2006; 3: 176-179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferguson G. Why does the lung hyperinflate? Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2006; 3: 176-179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milic-Emili J. Dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation and intrinsic PEEP: consequences and management in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Recenti. Progr. Med. 1990; 81: 733-737.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milic-Emili J. Dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation and intrinsic PEEP: consequences and management in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Recenti. Progr. Med. 1990; 81: 733-737.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hyatt R.E. The interrelationship of pressure, flow and volume during various respiratory maneuvers in normal and emphysematous patients. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1961; 83: 676-683.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hyatt R.E. The interrelationship of pressure, flow and volume during various respiratory maneuvers in normal and emphysematous patients. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1961; 83: 676-683.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Similowski T., Yan S., Gauthier A.P. et al. Contractile properties of the human diaphragm during chronic hyperinflation. N. Engl. J. Med. 1991; 325: 917-923.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Similowski T., Yan S., Gauthier A.P. et al. Contractile properties of the human diaphragm during chronic hyperinflation. N. Engl. J. Med. 1991; 325: 917-923.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Donnell D.E., Bain D.J., Webb K.A. Factors contributing to relief of exertional breathlessness during hyperoxia in chronic airflow limitation. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997; 155: 530-535.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Donnell D.E., Bain D.J., Webb K.A. Factors contributing to relief of exertional breathlessness during hyperoxia in chronic airflow limitation. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997; 155: 530-535.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Donnell D.E., Lam M., Webb K.A. Spirometric correlates of improvement in exercise performance after anticholinergic therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 160: 542-549.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Donnell D.E., Lam M., Webb K.A. Spirometric correlates of improvement in exercise performance after anticholinergic therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 160: 542-549.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдеев С.Н., Чучалин А.Г. Дыхательная недостаточность при хронической обструктивной болезни легких. В кн.: Чучалин А.Г. (ред.). Хронические обструктивные болезни легких. М.: ЗАО "Издво "БИНОМ"; СПб.: Невский диалект; 1998. 249-275.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Авдеев С.Н., Чучалин А.Г. Дыхательная недостаточность при хронической обструктивной болезни легких. В кн.: Чучалин А.Г. (ред.). Хронические обструктивные болезни легких. М.: ЗАО "Издво "БИНОМ"; СПб.: Невский диалект; 1998. 249-275.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдеев С.Н. Роль легочной гиперинфляции в патогенезе ХОБЛ. Эффективность поддерживающей терапии в уменьшении легочной гиперинфляции. Пульмонология 2004; 6: 101-110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Авдеев С.Н. Роль легочной гиперинфляции в патогенезе ХОБЛ. Эффективность поддерживающей терапии в уменьшении легочной гиперинфляции. Пульмонология 2004; 6: 101-110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдеев С.Н. Легочная гиперинфляция у больных ХОБЛ. Consilium Medicum 2006; 8 (3): 75-80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Авдеев С.Н. Легочная гиперинфляция у больных ХОБЛ. Consilium Medicum 2006; 8 (3): 75-80.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murariu C., Ghezzo H., Milic-Emili J., Gautier H. Exercise limitation in obstructive lung disease. Chest 1998; 114: 965-968.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murariu C., Ghezzo H., Milic-Emili J., Gautier H. Exercise limitation in obstructive lung disease. Chest 1998; 114: 965-968.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marin J.M., Carrizo S.J., Gascon M. et al. Inspiratory capacity, dynamic hyperinflation, breathlessness and exercise performance during the 6-minute-walk test in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163: 1395-1399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marin J.M., Carrizo S.J., Gascon M. et al. Inspiratory capacity, dynamic hyperinflation, breathlessness and exercise performance during the 6-minute-walk test in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001; 163: 1395-1399.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casanova C., Cote C., de Torres J.P. et al. The inspiratory to total lung capacity ratio predicts mortality in patients with COPD. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005; 171: 591-597.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Casanova C., Cote C., de Torres J.P. et al. The inspiratory to total lung capacity ratio predicts mortality in patients with COPD. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005; 171: 591-597.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kilburn K.H., Asmundsson T. Anteroposterior chest diameter in emphysema. Arch. Intern. Med. 1969; 123: 379-382.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kilburn K.H., Asmundsson T. Anteroposterior chest diameter in emphysema. Arch. Intern. Med. 1969; 123: 379-382.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gilmartin J.J., Gibson G.J. Abnormalities of chest wall motion in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. Thorax 1984; 39: 264-271.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gilmartin J.J., Gibson G.J. Abnormalities of chest wall motion in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. Thorax 1984; 39: 264-271.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoover C.F. The diagnostic significance of inspiratory movements of the costal margins. Am. J. Med. Sci. 1920; 159: 633-646.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoover C.F. The diagnostic significance of inspiratory movements of the costal margins. Am. J. Med. Sci. 1920; 159: 633-646.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garcia-Pachon E. Paradoxical movement of the lateral ribmargin (Hoover sign) for detecting obstructive airway disease. Chest 2002; 122: 651-655.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garcia-Pachon E. Paradoxical movement of the lateral ribmargin (Hoover sign) for detecting obstructive airway disease. Chest 2002; 122: 651-655.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Capria M.E., D' Negri C., De Vito E.L. Relationship between Hoover sign, functional and variables, and curvature radius in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. Medicina (B. Aires) 2003; 63: 369-376.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Capria M.E., D' Negri C., De Vito E.L. Relationship between Hoover sign, functional and variables, and curvature radius in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. Medicina (B. Aires) 2003; 63: 369-376.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cassart M., Pettiaux N., Gevenois P.A. et al. Effect of chronic hyperinflation on diaphragm length and surface area. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 1997; 156: 504-508.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cassart M., Pettiaux N., Gevenois P.A. et al. Effect of chronic hyperinflation on diaphragm length and surface area. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 1997; 156: 504-508.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Decramer M. Hyperinflation and respiratory muscle interaction. Eur. Respir. J. 1997; 10: 934-941.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Decramer M. Hyperinflation and respiratory muscle interaction. Eur. Respir. J. 1997; 10: 934-941.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Fregonezi G.A., Resqueti V.R., Guell Rous R. Pursed lip breathing. Arch. Bronconeumol. 2004; 40: 279-282.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Fregonezi G.A., Resqueti V.R., Guell Rous R. Pursed lip breathing. Arch. Bronconeumol. 2004; 40: 279-282.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bianchi R., Gigliotti F., Romagnoli I. et al. Chest wall kinematics and breathlessness during pursed-lip breathing in patients with COPD. Chest 2004; 125: 459-465.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bianchi R., Gigliotti F., Romagnoli I. et al. Chest wall kinematics and breathlessness during pursed-lip breathing in patients with COPD. Chest 2004; 125: 459-465.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mueller R.E., Petty T.L., Filley G.F. Ventilation and arterial blood gas changes induced by pursed lips breathing. J. Appl. Physiol. 1970; 28: 784-789.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mueller R.E., Petty T.L., Filley G.F. Ventilation and arterial blood gas changes induced by pursed lips breathing. J. Appl. Physiol. 1970; 28: 784-789.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Breslin E.H. The pattern of respiratory muscle recruitment during pursed-lips breathing. Chest 1992; 101: 75-78.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Breslin E.H. The pattern of respiratory muscle recruitment during pursed-lips breathing. Chest 1992; 101: 75-78.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spahija J.A., Grassino A. Effects of pursed-lips breathing and expiratory resistive loading in healthy subjects. J. Appl. Physiol. 1996; 80: 1772-1784.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spahija J.A., Grassino A. Effects of pursed-lips breathing and expiratory resistive loading in healthy subjects. J. Appl. Physiol. 1996; 80: 1772-1784.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campbell E.J. Respiratory failure: simple bedside tests of lung function. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 1962; 55: 566-569.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campbell E.J. Respiratory failure: simple bedside tests of lung function. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 1962; 55: 566-569.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Campbell E.J. Physical signs of diffuse airways obstruction and lung distention. Thorax 1969; 24: 1-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Campbell E.J. Physical signs of diffuse airways obstruction and lung distention. Thorax 1969; 24: 1-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maitre B., Similowski T., Derenne J.-P. Physical examination of the adult patient with respiratory diseases: inspection and palpation. Eur. Respir. J. 1995; 8: 1584-1593.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maitre B., Similowski T., Derenne J.-P. Physical examination of the adult patient with respiratory diseases: inspection and palpation. Eur. Respir. J. 1995; 8: 1584-1593.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stubbing D.G., Mathur P.N., Roberts R.S., Campbell E.J.M. Some physical signs in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1982; 125: 549-552.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stubbing D.G., Mathur P.N., Roberts R.S., Campbell E.J.M. Some physical signs in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1982; 125: 549-552.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Straus S.E., McAlister F.A., Sackett D.L. et al. The accuracy of patient history, wheezing, and laryngeal measurements in diagnosing of obstructive airway diseases. J. A. M. A. 2000; 283: 1853-1857.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Straus S.E., McAlister F.A., Sackett D.L. et al. The accuracy of patient history, wheezing, and laryngeal measurements in diagnosing of obstructive airway diseases. J. A. M. A. 2000; 283: 1853-1857.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burki N.K., Krumpelman J.L. Correlation of pulmonary function with the chest roentgenogram in chronic airways obstruction. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1980; 121: 217-223.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burki N.K., Krumpelman J.L. Correlation of pulmonary function with the chest roentgenogram in chronic airways obstruction. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1980; 121: 217-223.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nicklaus T.M., Stowell D.W., Christiansen W.R. et al. The accuracy of the roentgenologic diagnosis of chronic pulmonary emphysema. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1966; 93: 889-899.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nicklaus T.M., Stowell D.W., Christiansen W.R. et al. The accuracy of the roentgenologic diagnosis of chronic pulmonary emphysema. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1966; 93: 889-899.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pratt P.C. Role of conventional chest radiography in diagnosis and exclusion of emphysema. Am. J. Med. 1987; 82: 998-1006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pratt P.C. Role of conventional chest radiography in diagnosis and exclusion of emphysema. Am. J. Med. 1987; 82: 998-1006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reich S.B., Weinshelbaum A., Iwee J. Correlation of radiographic measurements and pulmonary function tests in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Roentgenol. 1985; 144: 695-699.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reich S.B., Weinshelbaum A., Iwee J. Correlation of radiographic measurements and pulmonary function tests in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Roentgenol. 1985; 144: 695-699.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thurlbeck W.M., Simon G. Radiographic appearance of the chest in emphysema. Am. J. Roentgenol. 1978; 130: 429-440.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thurlbeck W.M., Simon G. Radiographic appearance of the chest in emphysema. Am. J. Roentgenol. 1978; 130: 429-440.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sutinen S., Christoforidis A.J., Klugh G.A. et al. Roentgenologic criteria for the recognition of non-symptomatic pulmonary emphysema: Correlation between roentgenologic findings and pulmonary pathology. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1965; 91: 69-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sutinen S., Christoforidis A.J., Klugh G.A. et al. Roentgenologic criteria for the recognition of non-symptomatic pulmonary emphysema: Correlation between roentgenologic findings and pulmonary pathology. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1965; 91: 69-76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pratt P.C., Klugh G.A. A method for the determination of total lung capacity from posteroanterior and lateral chest roentgenograms. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1967; 96: 548-552.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pratt P.C., Klugh G.A. A method for the determination of total lung capacity from posteroanterior and lateral chest roentgenograms. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1967; 96: 548-552.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodenstein D.O., Sopwith T., Denison D.M., Stanescu D.C. Reevaluation of the radiographic method for measurement of total lung capacity. Bull. Eur. Physiopathol. Respir. 1985; 21: 521-525.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodenstein D.O., Sopwith T., Denison D.M., Stanescu D.C. Reevaluation of the radiographic method for measurement of total lung capacity. Bull. Eur. Physiopathol. Respir. 1985; 21: 521-525.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rothpearl A., Varma A.O., Goodman K. Radiographic measures of hyperinflation in clinical emphysema. Discrimination of patients from controls and relationship to physiologic and mechanical lung function. Chest 1988; 94: 907-913.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rothpearl A., Varma A.O., Goodman K. Radiographic measures of hyperinflation in clinical emphysema. Discrimination of patients from controls and relationship to physiologic and mechanical lung function. Chest 1988; 94: 907-913.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spence D.P.S, Kelley Y.J., Ahmed J. et al. Critical evaluation of computerized X-ray planimetry for the measurement of lung volumes. Thorax 1995; 50: 383-386.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spence D.P.S, Kelley Y.J., Ahmed J. et al. Critical evaluation of computerized X-ray planimetry for the measurement of lung volumes. Thorax 1995; 50: 383-386.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown M.S., McNittGray M.F., Goldin J.G. et al. Automated measurement of single and total lung volume from CT. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 1999; 23: 632-640.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown M.S., McNittGray M.F., Goldin J.G. et al. Automated measurement of single and total lung volume from CT. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 1999; 23: 632-640.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davy H. Researches, chemical and philosophical, chiefly concerning nitrous oxide, or dephlogisticated nitrous air, and its respiration. London: Johnson; 1800.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davy H. Researches, chemical and philosophical, chiefly concerning nitrous oxide, or dephlogisticated nitrous air, and its respiration. London: Johnson; 1800.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brown R., Enright P., Leith D. Multiple-breath helium dilution measurements of lung volumes in adults. Eur. Respir. J. 1998; 11: 246-255.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brown R., Enright P., Leith D. Multiple-breath helium dilution measurements of lung volumes in adults. Eur. Respir. J. 1998; 11: 246-255.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cala S.J., Kenyon C.M., Ferrigno G. et al. Chest wall and lung volume estimation by optical reflectance motion analysis. J. Appl. Physiol. 1996; 81: 2680-2689.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cala S.J., Kenyon C.M., Ferrigno G. et al. Chest wall and lung volume estimation by optical reflectance motion analysis. J. Appl. Physiol. 1996; 81: 2680-2689.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stanescu D.C., Rodenstein D., Cauberghs M. et al. Failure of body plethysmography in bronchial asthma. J. Appl. Physiol. 1982; 52: 939-948.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stanescu D.C., Rodenstein D., Cauberghs M. et al. Failure of body plethysmography in bronchial asthma. J. Appl. Physiol. 1982; 52: 939-948.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fairshter R.D. Airway hysteresis in normal subjects and individuals with chronic airflow obstruction. J. Appl. Physiol. 1985; 58: 1505-1510.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fairshter R.D. Airway hysteresis in normal subjects and individuals with chronic airflow obstruction. J. Appl. Physiol. 1985; 58: 1505-1510.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang S., Kaminski D., Sliwinski P. Reliability of inspiratory capacity for estimating end expiratory lung volume changes during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997; 156: 55-59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang S., Kaminski D., Sliwinski P. Reliability of inspiratory capacity for estimating end expiratory lung volume changes during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997; 156: 55-59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tantucci C., Duguet A., Similowski T. et al. Effect of salbutamol on dynamic hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Eur. Respir. J. 1998; 12: 799-804.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tantucci C., Duguet A., Similowski T. et al. Effect of salbutamol on dynamic hyperinflation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Eur. Respir. J. 1998; 12: 799-804.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duranti R., Filippelli M., Bianchi R., et al. Inspiratory capacity and decrease in lung hyperinflation with albuterol in COPD. Chest 2002; 122: 2009-2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duranti R., Filippelli M., Bianchi R., et al. Inspiratory capacity and decrease in lung hyperinflation with albuterol in COPD. Chest 2002; 122: 2009-2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dolmage T.E., Goldstein R.S. Repeatability of inspiratory capacity during incremental exercise in patients with severe COPD. Chest 2002; 121: 708-714.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolmage T.E., Goldstein R.S. Repeatability of inspiratory capacity during incremental exercise in patients with severe COPD. Chest 2002; 121: 708-714.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pellegrino R., Brusasco V. Lung hyperinflation and flow limitation in chronic airway obstruction. Eur. Respir. J. 1997; 10: 543-549.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pellegrino R., Brusasco V. Lung hyperinflation and flow limitation in chronic airway obstruction. Eur. Respir. J. 1997; 10: 543-549.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hadcroft J., Calverley P.M.A. Alternative methods for assessing bronchodilatator reversibility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2001; 56: 713-720.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hadcroft J., Calverley P.M.A. Alternative methods for assessing bronchodilatator reversibility in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2001; 56: 713-720.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gelb A.F., Gutierrez C.A., Weisman I.M. et al. Simplified detection of dynamic hyperinflation. Chest 2004; 126; 1855-1860.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gelb A.F., Gutierrez C.A., Weisman I.M. et al. Simplified detection of dynamic hyperinflation. Chest 2004; 126; 1855-1860.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brantigan O., Mueller E. Surgical treatment of pulmonary emphysema. Am. Surg. 1957; 23: 789-804.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brantigan O., Mueller E. Surgical treatment of pulmonary emphysema. Am. Surg. 1957; 23: 789-804.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cooper J.D., Trulock E.P., Triantafillou A.N. et al. Bilateral pneumectomy (volume reduction) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 1995; 109: 106-116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cooper J.D., Trulock E.P., Triantafillou A.N. et al. Bilateral pneumectomy (volume reduction) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 1995; 109: 106-116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martinez F.J., Montes de Oca M., Whyte R.I. et al. Lung-volume reduction improves dyspnea, dynamic hyperinflation and respiratory muscle function. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997; 155:1984-1990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martinez F.J., Montes de Oca M., Whyte R.I. et al. Lung-volume reduction improves dyspnea, dynamic hyperinflation and respiratory muscle function. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997; 155:1984-1990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group. A randomized trial comparing lung-volume-reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003; 348: 2059-2073.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group. A randomized trial comparing lung-volume-reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema. N. Engl. J. Med. 2003; 348: 2059-2073.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keller C.A., Ruppel G., Hibbett A. et al. Thoracoscopic lung volume reduction surgery reduces dyspnea and improves exercise capacity in patients with emphysema. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997; 156: 60-67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keller C.A., Ruppel G., Hibbett A. et al. Thoracoscopic lung volume reduction surgery reduces dyspnea and improves exercise capacity in patients with emphysema. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1997; 156: 60-67.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fujimoto T., Teschler H., Hillejan L. et al. Long-term results of lung volume reduction surgery. Europ. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2002; 21: 483-488.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fujimoto T., Teschler H., Hillejan L. et al. Long-term results of lung volume reduction surgery. Europ. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2002; 21: 483-488.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hopkinson N.S., Toma T.P., Hansell D. et al. Effect of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction on dynamic hyperinflation and exercise in emphysema. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005; 171: 453-460.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hopkinson N.S., Toma T.P., Hansell D. et al. Effect of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction on dynamic hyperinflation and exercise in emphysema. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2005; 171: 453-460.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wan I.Y.P, Toma T.P., Geddes D.M. et al. Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction for end-stage emphysema: report on the first 98 patients. Chest 2006; 129: 518-526.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wan I.Y.P, Toma T.P., Geddes D.M. et al. Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction for end-stage emphysema: report on the first 98 patients. Chest 2006; 129: 518-526.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chrystyn H., Mulley B.A., Peak M.D. Dose response relation to oral theophylline in severe chronic obstructive airways disease. Brit. Med. J. 1988; 297:1506-1510.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chrystyn H., Mulley B.A., Peak M.D. Dose response relation to oral theophylline in severe chronic obstructive airways disease. Brit. Med. J. 1988; 297:1506-1510.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Marco F., Milic-Emili J., Boveri B. et al. Effect of inhaled bronchodilators on inspiratory capacity and dyspnoea at rest in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 21: 86-94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Marco F., Milic-Emili J., Boveri B. et al. Effect of inhaled bronchodilators on inspiratory capacity and dyspnoea at rest in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 21: 86-94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Celli B., ZuWallack R., Wang S., Kesten S. Improvement in resting inspiratory capacity and hyperinflation with tiotropium in COPD patients with increased static lung volumes. Chest 2003; 124: 1743-1748.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Celli B., ZuWallack R., Wang S., Kesten S. Improvement in resting inspiratory capacity and hyperinflation with tiotropium in COPD patients with increased static lung volumes. Chest 2003; 124: 1743-1748.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Donnell D.E., Fluge T., Gerken F. et al. Effects of tiotropium on lung hyperinflation, dyspnoea and exercise tolerance in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2004. 23: 832-840.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Donnell D.E., Fluge T., Gerken F. et al. Effects of tiotropium on lung hyperinflation, dyspnoea and exercise tolerance in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2004. 23: 832-840.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Donnell D.E., Voduc N., Fitzpatrick M., Webb K.A. Effect of salmeterol on the ventilatory response to exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2004; 24: 86-94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Donnell D.E., Voduc N., Fitzpatrick M., Webb K.A. Effect of salmeterol on the ventilatory response to exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2004; 24: 86-94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Noord S.A., Aumann J.L., Janssens E. et al. Effect of tiotropium with and without formoterol on airflow obstruction and resting hyperinflation in patients with COPD. Chest 2006; 129: 509-517.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Noord S.A., Aumann J.L., Janssens E. et al. Effect of tiotropium with and without formoterol on airflow obstruction and resting hyperinflation in patients with COPD. Chest 2006; 129: 509-517.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit86"><label>86</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Medical Research Council Working Party. Long term domiciliary oxygen therapy in chronic hypoxic cor pulmonale complicating chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Lancet 1981;1: 681-686.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medical Research Council Working Party. Long term domiciliary oxygen therapy in chronic hypoxic cor pulmonale complicating chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Lancet 1981;1: 681-686.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit87"><label>87</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dean N.C., Brown J.K., Himelman R.B. et al. Oxygen may improve dyspnea and endurance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and only mild hipoxemia. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1992; 146: 941-945.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dean N.C., Brown J.K., Himelman R.B. et al. Oxygen may improve dyspnea and endurance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and only mild hipoxemia. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1992; 146: 941-945.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit88"><label>88</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Woodcock A.A., Gross E.R., Geddes D.M. Oxygen relieves breathlessness in "pink puffers". Lancet 1981; 1: 907-909.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Woodcock A.A., Gross E.R., Geddes D.M. Oxygen relieves breathlessness in "pink puffers". Lancet 1981; 1: 907-909.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit89"><label>89</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Somfay A., Porszasz J., Lee S.M., Casaburi R. Dose-response effect of oxygen on hyperinflation and exercise endurance in nonhypoxaemic COPD patients. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 18: 77-84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Somfay A., Porszasz J., Lee S.M., Casaburi R. Dose-response effect of oxygen on hyperinflation and exercise endurance in nonhypoxaemic COPD patients. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 18: 77-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit90"><label>90</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alvisi V., Mirkovic T., Nesme P. et al. Acute effects of hyperoxia on dyspnea in hypoxemia patients with chronic airway obstruction at rest. Chest 2003; 123: 1038-1046.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alvisi V., Mirkovic T., Nesme P. et al. Acute effects of hyperoxia on dyspnea in hypoxemia patients with chronic airway obstruction at rest. Chest 2003; 123: 1038-1046.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit91"><label>91</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casaburi R., Porszasz J. Reduction of hyperinflation by pharmacologic and other interventions. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2006; 3: 185-189.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Casaburi R., Porszasz J. Reduction of hyperinflation by pharmacologic and other interventions. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2006; 3: 185-189.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit92"><label>92</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barach A.L. The use of helium in the treatment of asthma and obstructive lesions of the larynx and trachea. Ann. Intern. Med. 1935; 9: 739-765.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barach A.L. The use of helium in the treatment of asthma and obstructive lesions of the larynx and trachea. Ann. Intern. Med. 1935; 9: 739-765.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit93"><label>93</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gluck E.H., Onorato D.J., Castriotta R. Helium-oxygen mixtures in intubated patients with status asthmaticus and respiratory acidosis. Chest 1990; 98: 693-698.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gluck E.H., Onorato D.J., Castriotta R. Helium-oxygen mixtures in intubated patients with status asthmaticus and respiratory acidosis. Chest 1990; 98: 693-698.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit94"><label>94</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manthous C.A., Hall J.B., Melmed A., Caputo M.A. et al. Heliox improves pulsus paradoxus and peak expiratory flow in nonintubated patients with severe asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 1995; 151: 310- 314.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manthous C.A., Hall J.B., Melmed A., Caputo M.A. et al. Heliox improves pulsus paradoxus and peak expiratory flow in nonintubated patients with severe asthma. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 1995; 151: 310- 314.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit95"><label>95</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jolliet P., Tassaux D., Thouret J.M. et al. Beneficial effects of helium: oxygen vs. air:oxygen noninvasive pressure support in with decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 27: 2422-2429.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jolliet P., Tassaux D., Thouret J.M. et al. Beneficial effects of helium: oxygen vs. air:oxygen noninvasive pressure support in with decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 27: 2422-2429.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit96"><label>96</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Papamoschou D. Theoretical validation of the respiratory benefits of heliumoxygen mixtures. Respir. Physiol. 1995; l99: 183-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papamoschou D. Theoretical validation of the respiratory benefits of heliumoxygen mixtures. Respir. Physiol. 1995; l99: 183-90.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit97"><label>97</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oelberg D.A., Kacmarek R.M., Pappagianopoulos P.P. et al. Ventilatory and cardiovascular responses to inspired HeO2 during exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 158: 1876-1882.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oelberg D.A., Kacmarek R.M., Pappagianopoulos P.P. et al. Ventilatory and cardiovascular responses to inspired HeO2 during exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 158: 1876-1882.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit98"><label>98</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palange P., Valli G., Onorati P. et al. Effect of heliox on lung dynamic hyperinflation, dyspnea and exercise endurance capacity in COPD patients. J. Appl. Physiol. 2004; 97: 1637-1642.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palange P., Valli G., Onorati P. et al. Effect of heliox on lung dynamic hyperinflation, dyspnea and exercise endurance capacity in COPD patients. J. Appl. Physiol. 2004; 97: 1637-1642.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit99"><label>99</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laude E.A., Duffy N.C., Baveystock C. et al. The effect of helium and oxygen on exercise performance in COPD: a randomised crossover trial. A. J. R. C. C. M. In Press 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laude E.A., Duffy N.C., Baveystock C. et al. The effect of helium and oxygen on exercise performance in COPD: a randomised crossover trial. A. J. R. C. C. M. In Press 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit100"><label>100</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robert D., Gerald M., Leger P. et al. Ventilation mecanique a domicile des insuffisants respiratoires chroniques. Rev. Fr. Mal. Respir. 1983; 11: 923-936.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robert D., Gerald M., Leger P. et al. Ventilation mecanique a domicile des insuffisants respiratoires chroniques. Rev. Fr. Mal. Respir. 1983; 11: 923-936.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit101"><label>101</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leger P., Muir J.F. Selection of patients for long-term nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation: practical aspects. Eur. Respir. Monogr. 1998; 8: 328-347.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leger P., Muir J.F. Selection of patients for long-term nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation: practical aspects. Eur. Respir. Monogr. 1998; 8: 328-347.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit102"><label>102</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cuvelier A., Muir J.F. Noninvasive ventilation and obstructive lung disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 17: 1271-1281.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cuvelier A., Muir J.F. Noninvasive ventilation and obstructive lung disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2001; 17: 1271-1281.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit103"><label>103</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meecham Jones D.J., Paul E.A., Jones P.W., Wedzicha J.A. Nasal pressure support ventilation plus oxygen compared with oxygen therapy alone in hypercapnic COPD. Am. J. Respir. Rev. Crit. Care Med. 1995; 152: 538-544.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meecham Jones D.J., Paul E.A., Jones P.W., Wedzicha J.A. Nasal pressure support ventilation plus oxygen compared with oxygen therapy alone in hypercapnic COPD. Am. J. Respir. Rev. Crit. Care Med. 1995; 152: 538-544.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit104"><label>104</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elliott M.W., Mulvey D.A., Moxham J. et al. Domiciliary nocturnal nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in COPD: mechanisms underlying changes in arterial blood gas tensions. Eur. Respir. J. 1991; 4: 1044-1052.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elliott M.W., Mulvey D.A., Moxham J. et al. Domiciliary nocturnal nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in COPD: mechanisms underlying changes in arterial blood gas tensions. Eur. Respir. J. 1991; 4: 1044-1052.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit105"><label>105</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diaz O., Begin P., Torrealba. B. Effects of noninvasive ventilation on lung hyperinflation in stable hypercapnic COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2002; 20: 1490-1498.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diaz O., Begin P., Torrealba. B. Effects of noninvasive ventilation on lung hyperinflation in stable hypercapnic COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2002; 20: 1490-1498.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit106"><label>106</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Budweiser S., Heinemann F., Fischer W. et al. Long-term reduction of hyperinflation in stable COPD by noninvasive nocturnal home ventilation. Respir. Med. 2005; 99: 976-984.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Budweiser S., Heinemann F., Fischer W. et al. Long-term reduction of hyperinflation in stable COPD by noninvasive nocturnal home ventilation. Respir. Med. 2005; 99: 976-984.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit107"><label>107</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lacasse Y., Guyatt G.H., Goldstein R.S. The components of a respiratory rehabilitation program: a systematic overview. Chest 1997; 111: 1077-1088.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lacasse Y., Guyatt G.H., Goldstein R.S. The components of a respiratory rehabilitation program: a systematic overview. Chest 1997; 111: 1077-1088.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit108"><label>108</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lacasse Y., Wong E., Guyatt G.H. et al. Meta-analysis of respiratory rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Lancet 1996; 348: 1115-1119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lacasse Y., Wong E., Guyatt G.H. et al. Meta-analysis of respiratory rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Lancet 1996; 348: 1115-1119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit109"><label>109</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Porszasz J., Emtner M., Goto S. et al. Exercise training decreases exercise-induced hyperinflation in patients with COPD. Chest 2005; 128: 2025-2034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porszasz J., Emtner M., Goto S. et al. Exercise training decreases exercise-induced hyperinflation in patients with COPD. Chest 2005; 128: 2025-2034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
