pulmoПульмонологияPULMONOLOGIYA0869-01892541-9617Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC10.18093/0869-0189-2012-0-6-96-102pulmo-141Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL STUDIESАвдеевС. Н.AvdeevS. N.

д. м. н., проф., руководитель клинического отдела 

105077, Москва, ул. 11-я Парковая, 32, корп. 4. Тел. /факс: 8 (495) 465-52-64.

БаймакановаГ. Е.BaymakanovaG. E.

д. м. н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории интенсивной терапии и дыхательной недостаточности 

105077, Москва, ул. 11-я Парковая, 32, корп. 4. Тел. / факс: 8 (495) 465-74-15.

ЗубаироваП. А.ZubairovaP. A.

к. м. н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории интенсивной терапии и дыхательной недостаточности 

105077, Москва, ул. 11-я Парковая, 32, корп. 4. Тел. / факс: 8 (495) 465-74-15.

ФГБУ "НИИ пульмонологии" ФМБА РоссииRussian Federation2012281220120696102Copyright © Авдеев С.Н., Баймаканова Г.Е., Зубаирова П.А., 20122012Авдеев С.Н., Баймаканова Г.Е., Зубаирова П.А.Avdeev S.N., Baymakanova G.E., Zubairova P.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/141ReferencesGlobal Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global strategy for diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO workshop report. Last updated 2011. www.goldcopd.orgGlobal Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Global strategy for diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO workshop report. Last updated 2011. www.goldcopd.orgCelli B.R., MacNee W. ATS / ERS Task Force. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS / ERS position paper. Eur. Respir. J. 2004; 23: 932–946.Celli B.R., MacNee W. ATS / ERS Task Force. Standards for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with COPD: a summary of the ATS / ERS position paper. Eur. Respir. J. 2004; 23: 932–946.Buist A.S., McBurnie M.A., Vollmer W.M. et al. International variation in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD Study): a population-based prevalence study. Lancet 2007; 370: 741–750.Buist A.S., McBurnie M.A., Vollmer W.M. et al. International variation in the prevalence of COPD (the BOLD Study): a population-based prevalence study. Lancet 2007; 370: 741–750.Mannino D.M., Homa D.M., Akinbami L.J. et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease surveillance – United States, 1971–2000. Morbid. Mortal. Wkly Rep. Surveill Summ. 2002; 51: 1–16.Mannino D.M., Homa D.M., Akinbami L.J. et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease surveillance – United States, 1971–2000. Morbid. Mortal. Wkly Rep. Surveill Summ. 2002; 51: 1–16.Murray C.J., Lopez A.D. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997; 349: 1498–1504.Murray C.J., Lopez A.D. Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997; 349: 1498–1504.Hurst J.R., Vestbo J., Anzueto A. et al. Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010; 363: 1128–1138.Hurst J.R., Vestbo J., Anzueto A. et al. Susceptibility to exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010; 363: 1128–1138.Stanford R.H., Shen Y., McLaughlin T. Cost of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the emergency department and hospital: an analysis of administrative data from 218 US hospitals. Treat. Respir. Med. 2006; 5: 343–349.Stanford R.H., Shen Y., McLaughlin T. Cost of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the emergency department and hospital: an analysis of administrative data from 218 US hospitals. Treat. Respir. Med. 2006; 5: 343–349.O'Donnell D.E., Parker C.M. COPD exacerbations: Pathophysiology. Thorax 2006; 61; 354–361.O'Donnell D.E., Parker C.M. COPD exacerbations: Pathophysiology. Thorax 2006; 61; 354–361.Donaldson G.C., Seemungal T.A.R., Bhowmik A., Wedzicha J.A. Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2002; 57: 847–852.Donaldson G.C., Seemungal T.A.R., Bhowmik A., Wedzicha J.A. Relationship between exacerbation frequency and lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2002; 57: 847–852.Seemungal T.A.R., Donaldson G.C., Paul E.A. et al. Effect of exacerbation on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 151: 1418–1422.Seemungal T.A.R., Donaldson G.C., Paul E.A. et al. Effect of exacerbation on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 151: 1418–1422.Miravitlles M., Murio C., Guerrero T. et al. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and COPD. Chest 2002; 121: 1449–1455.Miravitlles M., Murio C., Guerrero T. et al. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and COPD. Chest 2002; 121: 1449–1455.Celli B.R., Barnes P.J. Effect of exacerbation on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2007; 29: 1224–1238.Celli B.R., Barnes P.J. Effect of exacerbation on quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2007; 29: 1224–1238.Donaldson G.C., Hurst J.R., Smith C.J. et al. Increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke following exacerbation of COPD. Chest 2010; 137: 1091–1097.Donaldson G.C., Hurst J.R., Smith C.J. et al. Increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke following exacerbation of COPD. Chest 2010; 137: 1091–1097.Seneff M.G., Wagner D.P., Wagner R.P. et al. Hospital and 1-year survival of patients admitted to intensive care units with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J.A.M.A. 1995; 274: 1852–1857.Seneff M.G., Wagner D.P., Wagner R.P. et al. Hospital and 1-year survival of patients admitted to intensive care units with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J.A.M.A. 1995; 274: 1852–1857.Zielinski J., MacNee W., Wedzicha J. et al. Causes of death in patients with COPD and chronic respiratory failure. Monaldi Arch. Chest Dis. 1997; 52: 43–47.Zielinski J., MacNee W., Wedzicha J. et al. Causes of death in patients with COPD and chronic respiratory failure. Monaldi Arch. Chest Dis. 1997; 52: 43–47.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care (partial update). National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. www.nice.org.ukChronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults in primary and secondary care (partial update). National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. www.nice.org.ukRogers D.F. Mucoactive agents for airway mucus hypersecretory diseases. Respir. Care 2007; 52: 1176–1193.Rogers D.F. Mucoactive agents for airway mucus hypersecretory diseases. Respir. Care 2007; 52: 1176–1193.Hogg J.C., Chu F.S., Tan W.C. et al. Survival after lung volume reduction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: insights from small airway pathology. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007; 176: 454–459.Hogg J.C., Chu F.S., Tan W.C. et al. Survival after lung volume reduction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: insights from small airway pathology. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2007; 176: 454–459.Rogers D.F., Barnes P.J. Treatment of airway mucus hypersecretion. Ann. Med. 2006; 38: 116–125.Rogers D.F., Barnes P.J. Treatment of airway mucus hypersecretion. Ann. Med. 2006; 38: 116–125.Hogg J.C., Chu F., Utokaparch S. et al. The nature of smallairway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004; 350: 2645–2653.Hogg J.C., Chu F., Utokaparch S. et al. The nature of smallairway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004; 350: 2645–2653.James A.L., Wenzel S. Clinical relevance of airway remodelling in airway diseases. Eur. Respir. J. 2007; 30: 134–155.James A.L., Wenzel S. Clinical relevance of airway remodelling in airway diseases. Eur. Respir. J. 2007; 30: 134–155.Macklem P.T., Proctor D.F., Hogg J.C. The stability of peripheral airways. Respir. Physiol. 1970; 8: 191–203.Macklem P.T., Proctor D.F., Hogg J.C. The stability of peripheral airways. Respir. Physiol. 1970; 8: 191–203.Poole P.J., Black P.N. Oral mucolytic drugs for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review. Br. Med. J. 2001; 322: 1271–1274.Poole P.J., Black P.N. Oral mucolytic drugs for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review. Br. Med. J. 2001; 322: 1271–1274.Poole P., Black P.N. Mucolytic agents for chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2006; 19 (3): JulCD001287.Poole P., Black P.N. Mucolytic agents for chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2006; 19 (3): JulCD001287.Zuin R., Palamidese A., Negrin R. et al. High dose N-Acetylcysteine in patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin. Drug Invest. 2005; 25: 401–408.Zuin R., Palamidese A., Negrin R. et al. High dose N-Acetylcysteine in patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin. Drug Invest. 2005; 25: 401–408.Фархутдинов У.Р., Фархутдинов Р.Р., Петряков В.В. и др. Влияние муколитической терапии на продукцию активных форм кислорода в крови у больных с обострением хронической обструктивной болезни легких. Тер. арх. 2010; 3: 29–32.Фархутдинов У.Р., Фархутдинов Р.Р., Петряков В.В. и др. Влияние муколитической терапии на продукцию активных форм кислорода в крови у больных с обострением хронической обструктивной болезни легких. Тер. арх. 2010; 3: 29–32.Marchioni C.F., Polu J.M., Taytard A. et al. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of erdosteine in patients affected by chronic bronchitis during an infective exacerbation phase and receiving amoxycillin as basic treatment (ECOBES, European Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis Erdosteine Study). Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1995; 33: 612–618.Marchioni C.F., Polu J.M., Taytard A. et al. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of erdosteine in patients affected by chronic bronchitis during an infective exacerbation phase and receiving amoxycillin as basic treatment (ECOBES, European Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis Erdosteine Study). Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1995; 33: 612–618.Davies L., Calverley P.M.A. The evidence for the use of oral mucolytic agents in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Br. Med. Bull. 2010; 93: 217–227.Davies L., Calverley P.M.A. The evidence for the use of oral mucolytic agents in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Br. Med. Bull. 2010; 93: 217–227.Hooper C., Calvert J. The role for S-carboxymethylcysteine (carbocisteine) in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intern. J. COPD 2008; 3: 659–669.Hooper C., Calvert J. The role for S-carboxymethylcysteine (carbocisteine) in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intern. J. COPD 2008; 3: 659–669.Anthonisen N.R., Manfreda J., Warren C.P. et al. Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 1987; 106: 196–204.Anthonisen N.R., Manfreda J., Warren C.P. et al. Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 1987; 106: 196–204.Borg G. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1982; 14: 377–381.Borg G. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1982; 14: 377–381.Quanjer P.H., Tammeling G.J., Cotes J.E. et al. Lung volumes and forced ventilatory flows. Eur. Respir. J. 1993; 6 (Suppl. 16): 5–40.Quanjer P.H., Tammeling G.J., Cotes J.E. et al. Lung volumes and forced ventilatory flows. Eur. Respir. J. 1993; 6 (Suppl. 16): 5–40.Vestbo J. Epidemiological studies in mucus hypersecretion. In: Chadwick D.J., Goode J.A., eds. Novartis foundation symposium 248: Mucus hypersecration in respiratory disease. Malden: Wiley; 2002. 277–282.Vestbo J. Epidemiological studies in mucus hypersecretion. In: Chadwick D.J., Goode J.A., eds. Novartis foundation symposium 248: Mucus hypersecration in respiratory disease. Malden: Wiley; 2002. 277–282.Авдеев С.Н. Значение мукоактивных препаратов в терапии хронической обструктивной болезни легких. Пульмонология 2011; 4: 118–124.Авдеев С.Н. Значение мукоактивных препаратов в терапии хронической обструктивной болезни легких. Пульмонология 2011; 4: 118–124.Havez R., Degand P., Roussel P. et al. Biochemical mechanism of action of cysteine derivatives on bronchial mucus. Poumon 1977; 26: 81–90.Havez R., Degand P., Roussel P. et al. Biochemical mechanism of action of cysteine derivatives on bronchial mucus. Poumon 1977; 26: 81–90.Puchelle E., Aug F., Polu J.M. Effect of the mucoregulator s-carboxymethyl-cysteine in patients with chronic bronchitis. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1978; 14: 177–184.Puchelle E., Aug F., Polu J.M. Effect of the mucoregulator s-carboxymethyl-cysteine in patients with chronic bronchitis. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1978; 14: 177–184.Colombo B., Turconi P., Daffonchino L. et al. Stimulation of Cl– secretion by the mucoactive drug S-carboxymethylcysteine lysine – salt in the isolated rabbit trachea. Eur. Respir. J. 1994; 7: 1622–1628.Colombo B., Turconi P., Daffonchino L. et al. Stimulation of Cl– secretion by the mucoactive drug S-carboxymethylcysteine lysine – salt in the isolated rabbit trachea. Eur. Respir. J. 1994; 7: 1622–1628.Asti C., Melillo G., Caselli G.F. et al. Effectiveness of carbocysteine lysine salt monohydrate on models of airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Pharmacol. Res. 1995; 31: 387–392.Asti C., Melillo G., Caselli G.F. et al. Effectiveness of carbocysteine lysine salt monohydrate on models of airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Pharmacol. Res. 1995; 31: 387–392.Carpagnano G.E., Resta O., Foschino4Barbaro M.P. et al. Exhaled interleukine-6 and 8-isoprostane in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effect of carbocysteine lysine salt monohydrate (SCMC-Lys). Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2004; 505: 169–175.Carpagnano G.E., Resta O., Foschino4Barbaro M.P. et al. Exhaled interleukine-6 and 8-isoprostane in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effect of carbocysteine lysine salt monohydrate (SCMC-Lys). Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2004; 505: 169–175.Pinamonti S., Venturoli L., Leis M. et al. Antioxidant activity of carbocysteine lysine salt monohydrate. Panminerva Med. 2001; 43: 215–220.Pinamonti S., Venturoli L., Leis M. et al. Antioxidant activity of carbocysteine lysine salt monohydrate. Panminerva Med. 2001; 43: 215–220.Brandolini L., Allegretti M., Berdini V. et al. Carbocysteine lysine salt monohydrate (SCMC-Lys) is a selective scavenger of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). Eur. Cytokine Netw. 2003; 14: 20–26.Brandolini L., Allegretti M., Berdini V. et al. Carbocysteine lysine salt monohydrate (SCMC-Lys) is a selective scavenger of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). Eur. Cytokine Netw. 2003; 14: 20–26.Yasuda H., Yamaya M., Sasaki T. et al. Carbocisteine inhibits rhinovirus infection in human tracheal epithelial cells. Eur. Respir. J. 2006; 28: 51–58.Yasuda H., Yamaya M., Sasaki T. et al. Carbocisteine inhibits rhinovirus infection in human tracheal epithelial cells. Eur. Respir. J. 2006; 28: 51–58.Asada M., Yoshida M., Hatachi Y. et al. L-carbocisteine inhibits respiratory syncytial virus infection in human tracheal epithelial cells. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2012; 180: 112–118.Asada M., Yoshida M., Hatachi Y. et al. L-carbocisteine inhibits respiratory syncytial virus infection in human tracheal epithelial cells. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 2012; 180: 112–118.Zheng C.H., Ahmed K., Rikitomi N. et al. The effects of S-carboxymethylcysteine and N-acetylcysteine on the adherence of Moraxella catarrhalis to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. Microbiol. and Immunol. 1999; 43: 107–113.Zheng C.H., Ahmed K., Rikitomi N. et al. The effects of S-carboxymethylcysteine and N-acetylcysteine on the adherence of Moraxella catarrhalis to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. Microbiol. and Immunol. 1999; 43: 107–113.Cakan G., Turkoz M., Turan T. et al. S-carboxymethylcysteine inhibits the attachment of streptococcus pneumonia to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. Microbial Pathogenes. 2003; 34: 261–265.Cakan G., Turkoz M., Turan T. et al. S-carboxymethylcysteine inhibits the attachment of streptococcus pneumonia to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. Microbial Pathogenes. 2003; 34: 261–265.Braga P.C., Scaglione F., Scarpazza G. et al. Comparison between penetration of amoxicillin combined with carbocysteine and amoxicillin alone in pathological bronchial secretions and pulmonary tissue. Int. J. Clin. Pharm. Res. 1985; 5: 331–340.Braga P.C., Scaglione F., Scarpazza G. et al. Comparison between penetration of amoxicillin combined with carbocysteine and amoxicillin alone in pathological bronchial secretions and pulmonary tissue. Int. J. Clin. Pharm. Res. 1985; 5: 331–340.Katayama N., Fujimura M., Ueda A. et al. Effects of carbocysteine on antigen-induced increases in cough sensitivity and bronchial responsiveness in guinea pigs. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2001; 297: 975–980.Katayama N., Fujimura M., Ueda A. et al. Effects of carbocysteine on antigen-induced increases in cough sensitivity and bronchial responsiveness in guinea pigs. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2001; 297: 975–980.Ischiura Y., Fujimura M., Yamamori C. et al. Effect of carbocysteine on cough reflex to capsaicin in asthmatic patients. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2003; 55: 504–510.Ischiura Y., Fujimura M., Yamamori C. et al. Effect of carbocysteine on cough reflex to capsaicin in asthmatic patients. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2003; 55: 504–510.Allegra L., Cordaro C., Grassi C. Prevention of acute exacer- bations of chronic obstructive bronchitis with carbocysteine lysine salt monohydrate: A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Respiration 1996; 63: 174–180.Allegra L., Cordaro C., Grassi C. Prevention of acute exacer- bations of chronic obstructive bronchitis with carbocysteine lysine salt monohydrate: A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Respiration 1996; 63: 174–180.Zheng J.P., Kang J., Huang S.G. et al. Effect of carbocisteine on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PEACE study): a randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet 2008; 371: 2013–2018.Zheng J.P., Kang J., Huang S.G. et al. Effect of carbocisteine on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PEACE study): a randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet 2008; 371: 2013–2018.Yasuda H., Yamaya M., Sasaki T. et al. Carbocysteine reduces frequency of common colds and exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2006; 54: 378–380.Yasuda H., Yamaya M., Sasaki T. et al. Carbocysteine reduces frequency of common colds and exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2006; 54: 378–380.Tatsumi K. Carbocysteine improves quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2007; 55: 1884–1887.Tatsumi K. Carbocysteine improves quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2007; 55: 1884–1887.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.