<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2020-30-3-312-319</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-1386</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Discussions</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ожирение у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких: предпосылки к выделению отдельного фенотипа</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obesity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: prerequisites for the isolation of a separate phenotype</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овсянников</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovsyannikov</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Овсянников Евгений Сергеевич – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры факультетской терапии.</p><p>394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10; тел.: (473) 263-81-30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniy S. Ovsyannikov - Candidate of Medicine, Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, Department of General Internal Medicine.</p><p>Ul. Studencheskaya 10, Voronezh, 394622; tel.: (473) 263-81-30</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ovses@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдеев Сергей Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корр. Российской академии наук, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии.</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; тел.: (495) 708-35-76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Avdeev - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of Department of Pulmonology.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_avdeev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Будневский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budnevskiy</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Будневский Андрей Валериевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой факультетской терапии.</p><p>394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10; тел.: (473) 263-81-30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Budnevskiy - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Vice-Rector for Science and Innovation Head of Department of General Internal Medicine.</p><p>Ul. Studencheskaya 10, Voronezh, 394622; tel.: (473) 263-81-30</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">budnev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н.Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N.Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М.Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Healthcare Ministry of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>312</fpage><lpage>319</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Овсянников Е.С., Авдеев С.Н., Будневский А.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Овсянников Е.С., Авдеев С.Н., Будневский А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ovsyannikov E.S., Avdeev S.N., Budnevskiy A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1386">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1386</self-uri><abstract><p>Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) характеризуется высокой летальностью и выраженным влиянием на качество жизни (КЖ) пациента, представляя собой серьезную проблему здравоохранения. По данным различных исследований; распространенность ожирения при ХОБЛ, которое может оказывать существенное влияние на течение заболевания, достигает 50 %. </p><p>Целью исследования явилась оценка особенностей течения заболевания, выраженности симптомов, КЖ, сопутствующих заболеваний и функции легких у больных ХОБЛ с ожирением.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Больные ХОБЛ (n= 176), включенные в исследование, были разделены на 2 группы: 1-я (n= 88: 71 мужчина, 17 женщин; средний возраст – 62,40 ± 8,83 года) – больные ХОБЛ с нормальной массой тела; 2-я (n= 88: 64 мужчины, 24 женщины; средний возраст – 62,94 ± 5,96 года) – больные ХОБЛ с ожирением. Степень бронхиальной обструкции при ХОБЛ (II–IV, группа D) у включенных в исследование пациентов устанавливалась согласно критериям Глобальной стратегии диагностики, лечения и профилактики ХОБЛ (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease – GOLD). Оценивались число обострений ХОБЛ за последние 12 мес. Для оценки выраженности кашля, продукции мокроты, одышки, общей слабости использовалась визуальная аналоговая шкала (ВАШ). Также применялись модифицированная шкала выраженности одышки (Medical Research Council – mMRC), тест оценки ХОБЛ (COPD Assessment Test – CAT) и вопросник о контроле над ХОБЛ (COPD Control Questionnaire – CCQ), проводились спирометрия, 6-минутый шаговый тест (6-МШТ), оценивалось КЖ с помощью опросника SF-36, определялся индекс BODE.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показано, что частота обострений ХОБЛ за предыдущий год, при которых не потребовалась госпитализация, и госпитализаций в стационар по поводу обострения ХОБЛ, у больных 1-й группы была достоверно выше и составила 1,21 ± 0,83 и 0,96 ± 0,42 (р = 0,016) и 1,82 ± 0,94 и 1,5 ± 0,81 случаев (р = 0,0145) соответственно. У больных 2-й группы выраженность одышки, продукции мокроты и общей слабости по ВАШ, а также одышки по mMRC были достоверно ниже. У больных 2-й группы отмечены достоверно более высокие показатели объема форсированного выдоха за 1-ю секунду (ОФВ1), форсированной жизненной емкости легких (ФЖЕЛ) и индекса Тиффно. У больных 1-й группы отмечен также более высокий показатель индекса BODE – 6,23 ± 2,81 и 4,53 ± 2,11 соответственно (р = 0,0000).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Установлено, что для больных ХОБЛ с ожирением характерны низкие показатели выраженности симптомов при относительно высоких значениях ОФВ1, ФЖЕЛ, относительно низкий риск обострений ХОБЛ и госпитализаций и низкий индекс BODE при частом сочетании с сахарным диабетом и гипертонической болезнью.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is highly lethal and has a pronounced impact on the patient's quality of life (QoL), representing a serious public healthcare problem. According to various studies, the prevalence of obesity in COPD, which can have a significant effect on the course of the disease, reaches 50%.</p><p>The aim of the study was to assess the disease course characteristics, symptom severity, QoL, concomitant diseases, and lung function in obese COPD patients.</p><sec><title>Materials</title><p>Materials. Patients included in the study (n = 176) of COPD patients (GOLD II – IV, group D) were divided into 2 groups: 1st (n = 88: 71 men, 17 women; mean age 62.40 ± 8.83 years) – normal weight COPD patients; 2nd (n = 88: 64 men, 24 women; mean age 62.94 ± 5.96 years) – obese COPD patients. The number of COPD exacerbations in the last 12 months has been estimated. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the severity of coughing, sputum production, shortness of breath, general weakness. Modified shortness of breath severity scale (Medical Research Council – mMRC), COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and the Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease control Questionnaire (CCQ) were also used, spirometry, 6-minute step test (6-MST) was performed, QoL was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire, and BODE index was determined.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It was shown that the frequency of exacerbations of COPD for the previous year, which did not require hospitalization, and hospitalizations to the inpatient department for exacerbation of COPD, in patients of the 1st group was significantly higher and was 1.21 ± 0.83 and 0.96 ± 0.42 (p = 0.016) and 1.82 ± 0.94 and 1.5 ± 0.81 cases (p = 0.0145) respectively. In patients of the 2nd group the dyspnea severity, sputum production and general weakness according to VAS and the dyspnea according to mMRC scale were significantly lower. In patients of the 2nd group reliably higher indices of the forced expiratory volume in the 1st second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and Tiffno index were noted. Patients of the 1st group also have higher index BODE – 6.23 ± 2.81 and 4.53 ± 2.11 respectively (p = 0.0000).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. It was found that patients with COPD with obesity have low indices of symptom severity at relatively high values of FEV1, FVC, relatively low risk of acute COPD and hospitalization, and low BODE index at frequent combination with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>спирометрия</kwd><kwd>качество жизни</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>spirometry</kwd><kwd>quality of life</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mathers C.D., Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med. 2006; 3 (11): e442. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mathers C.D., Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med. 2006; 3 (11): e442. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айсанов З.Р., Авдеев С.Н., Архипов В.В. и др. Национальные клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению хронической обструктивной болезни легких: алгоритм принятия клинических решений. Пульмонология. 2017; 27 (1): 13–20. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2017-27-1-13-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aisanov Z.R., Avdeev S.N., Arkhipov V.V. et al. [National clinical guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a clinical decision-making algorithm]. Pul'monologiya. 2017; 27 (1): 13–20. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2017-27-1-13-20 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чучалин А.Г., Авдеев С.Н., Айсанов З.Р. и др. Российское респираторное общество. Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению хронической обструктивной болезни легких. Пульмонология. 2014; (3): 15–54. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2014-0-3-15-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chuchalin A.G., Avdeev S.N., Aisanov Z.R et al. [Russian Respiratory Society. Federal guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Pul'monologiya. 2014; (3): 15–54. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2014-0-3-15-54 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lozano R., Naghavi M., Foreman K. et al. Global and regional mortify from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012; 380 (9859): 2095–2128. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lozano R., Naghavi M., Foreman K. et al. Global and regional mortify from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012; 380 (9859): 2095–2128. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adeloye D., Chua S., Lee C. et al. Global and regional estimates of COPD prevalence: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Glob. Health. 2015; 5 (2): 020415.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adeloye D., Chua S., Lee C. et al. Global and regional estimates of COPD prevalence: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Glob. Health. 2015; 5 (2): 020415.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Manen J.G., Bindels P.J.E., Jzermans C.J. et al. Prevalence of comorbidity in patients with a chronic airway obstruction and controls over the age of 40. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2001; 54 (3): 287–293. DOI: 10.1016/S0895-4356(01)00346-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Manen J.G., Bindels P.J.E., Jzermans C.J. et al. Prevalence of comorbidity in patients with a chronic airway obstruction and controls over the age of 40. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2001; 54 (3): 287–293. DOI: 10.1016/S0895-4356(01)00346-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Будневский А.В., Малыш Е.Ю. Клинико-патогенетические взаимосвязи сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и хронической обструктивной болезни легких. Кардиология. 2017; 57 (4): 89–93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Budnevskiy A.V., Malysh E.Yu. [Clinico-pathogenetic relationship of cardiovascular diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Kardiologiya. 2017; 57 (4): 89–93 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Провоторов В.М., Будневский А.В., Семенкова Г.Г., Шишкина Е.С. Провоспалительные цитокины при сочетании ишемической болезни сердца и хронической обструктивной болезни легких. Клиническая медицина. 2015; 93 (2): 5–9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Provotorov V.M., Budnevskiy A.V., Semenkova G.G., Shishkina E.S. [Proinflammatory cytokines in combination of coronary heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Klinicheskaya meditsina. 2015; 93 (2): 5–9 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2019 Report. Available at: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GOLD-2019-v1.7-FINAL-14Nov2018-WMS.pdf [Accessed: January 20, 2019].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2019 Report. Available at: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GOLD-2019-v1.7-FINAL-14Nov2018-WMS.pdf [Accessed: January 20, 2019].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aisanov Z., Avdeev S., Arkhipov V. et al. Russian guidelines for the management of COPD: algorythm of pharmacologic treatment. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2018; 13: 183–187. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S153770.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aisanov Z., Avdeev S., Arkhipov V. et al. Russian guidelines for the management of COPD: algorythm of pharmacologic treatment. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2018; 13: 183–187. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S153770.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eisner M.D., Blanc P.D., Sidney S. et al. Body composition and functional limitation in COPD. Respir. Res. 2007; 8: 7. DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-8-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eisner M.D., Blanc P.D., Sidney S. et al. Body composition and functional limitation in COPD. Respir. Res. 2007; 8: 7. DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-8-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Landbo C., Prescott E., Lange P. et al. Prognostic value of nutritional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 160 (6): 1856–1861. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.160.6.9902115.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Landbo C., Prescott E., Lange P. et al. Prognostic value of nutritional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 160 (6): 1856–1861. DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.160.6.9902115.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Divo M.J., Cabrera C., Casanova C. et al. Comorbidity distribution, clinical expression and survival in COPD patients with different body mass index. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2014; 1 (2): 229–238. DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.1.2.2014.0117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Divo M.J., Cabrera C., Casanova C. et al. Comorbidity distribution, clinical expression and survival in COPD patients with different body mass index. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2014; 1 (2): 229–238. DOI: 10.15326/jcopdf.1.2.2014.0117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кочетова Е.В. CAT-тест у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких. Туберкулез и болезни легких. 2017; 95 (12): 18–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kochetova E.V. [CAT test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Tuberkulez i bolezni legkikh. 2017; 95 (12): 18–21 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Отс О.Н., Малиев Б.М., Чушкин М.И. и др. Использование тестов с ходьбой в пульмонологии. Терапевтический архив. 2012; 84 (3): 62–67.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ots O.N., Maliev B.M., Chushkin M.I. et al. [Use of walk tests in pulmonology]. Terapevticheskiy arkhiv. 2012; 84 (3): 62–67 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чушкин М.И., Белевский А.С., Мещерякова Н.Н., Ярцев С.С. Использование анкеты SF-36 для оценки качества жизни лиц, излеченных от туберкулеза легких. Пульмонология. 2009; (6): 87–89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chushkin M.I., Belevskiy A.S., Meshcheryakova N.N., Yartsev S.S. [Using the SF-36 questionnaire to assess the quality of life in patients with treated pulmonary tuberculosis]. Pul'monologiya. 2009; (6): 87–89 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кочетова Е.В. Индекс BODE и риск остеопоротических переломов у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких. Туберкулез и болезни легких. 2016; 94 (7): 30–33. DOI: 10.21292/2075-1230-2016-94-7-30-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kochetova E.V. [BODE index and risk of osteoporotic fractures in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Tuberkulez i bolezni legkikh. 2016; 94 (7): 30–33. DOI: 10.21292/2075-1230-2016-94-7-30-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cao C., Wang R., Wang J. et al. Body mass index and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012; 7 (8): e43892. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043892.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cao C., Wang R., Wang J. et al. Body mass index and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2012; 7 (8): e43892. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043892.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lambert A.A., Putcha N., Drummond M.B. et al. Obesity is associated with increased morbidity in moderate to severe COPD. Chest. 2017; 151 (1): 68–77. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.08.1432.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lambert A.A., Putcha N., Drummond M.B. et al. Obesity is associated with increased morbidity in moderate to severe COPD. Chest. 2017; 151 (1): 68–77. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.08.1432.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cecere L.M., Littman A.J., Slatore C.G. et al. Obesity and COPD: associated symptoms, health-related quality of life, and medication use. COPD. 2011; 8 (4): 275–284. DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2011.586660.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cecere L.M., Littman A.J., Slatore C.G. et al. Obesity and COPD: associated symptoms, health-related quality of life, and medication use. COPD. 2011; 8 (4): 275–284. DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2011.586660.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacob A., Laurin C., Lavoie K.L. et al. The impact of body mass index on inpatient- versus outpatient-treated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Can. Respir. J. 2013; 20 (4): 237–242. DOI: 10.1155/2013/131072.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacob A., Laurin C., Lavoie K.L. et al. The impact of body mass index on inpatient- versus outpatient-treated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Can. Respir. J. 2013; 20 (4): 237–242. DOI: 10.1155/2013/131072.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Colak Y., Afzal S., Lange P., Nordestgaard B.G. High body mass index and risk of exacerbations and pneumonias in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: observational and genetic risk estimates from the Copenhagen General Population Study. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2016; 45 (5): 1551–1559. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw051.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Colak Y., Afzal S., Lange P., Nordestgaard B.G. High body mass index and risk of exacerbations and pneumonias in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: observational and genetic risk estimates from the Copenhagen General Population Study. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2016; 45 (5): 1551–1559. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw051.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carnethon M.R., De Chavez P.J., Biggs M.L. et al. Association of weight status with mortality in adults with incident diabetes. JAMA. 2012; 308 (6): 581–590. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2012.9282.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carnethon M.R., De Chavez P.J., Biggs M.L. et al. Association of weight status with mortality in adults with incident diabetes. JAMA. 2012; 308 (6): 581–590. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2012.9282.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kramer C.K., Zinman B., Retnakaran R. Are metabolically healthy overweight and obesity benign conditions? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 2013; 159 (11): 758–769. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-11-201312030-00008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kramer C.K., Zinman B., Retnakaran R. Are metabolically healthy overweight and obesity benign conditions? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 2013; 159 (11): 758–769. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-159-11-201312030-00008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sood A. Obesity, adipokines, and lung disease. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985). 2010; 108 (3): 744–753. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00838.2009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sood A. Obesity, adipokines, and lung disease. J. Appl. Physiol. (1985). 2010; 108 (3): 744–753. DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00838.2009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krommidas G., Kostikas K., Papatheodorou G. et al. Plasma leptin and adiponectin in COPD exacerbations: associations with inflammatory biomarkers. Respir. Med. 2010; 104 (1): 40–46. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.08.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krommidas G., Kostikas K., Papatheodorou G. et al. Plasma leptin and adiponectin in COPD exacerbations: associations with inflammatory biomarkers. Respir. Med. 2010; 104 (1): 40–46. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2009.08.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolk R., Bertolet M., Singh P. et al. Prognostic value of adipokines in predicting cardiovascular outcome: explaining the obesity paradox. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2016; 91 (7): 858–866. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.03.020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolk R., Bertolet M., Singh P. et al. Prognostic value of adipokines in predicting cardiovascular outcome: explaining the obesity paradox. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2016; 91 (7): 858–866. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.03.020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ochs-Balcom H.M., Grant B.J., Muti P. et al. Pulmonary function and abdominal adiposity in the general population. Chest. 2006; 129 (4): 853–862. DOI: 10.1378/chest.129.4.853.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ochs-Balcom H.M., Grant B.J., Muti P. et al. Pulmonary function and abdominal adiposity in the general population. Chest. 2006; 129 (4): 853–862. DOI: 10.1378/chest.129.4.853.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van den Bemt L., van Wayenburg C.A.M., Smeele I.J.M., Schermer T.R.J. Obesity in patients with COPD, an undervalued problem? Thorax. 2009; 64: 640. DOI: 10.1136/thx.2008.111716.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van den Bemt L., van Wayenburg C.A.M., Smeele I.J.M., Schermer T.R.J. Obesity in patients with COPD, an undervalued problem? Thorax. 2009; 64: 640. DOI: 10.1136/thx.2008.111716.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al Ghobain M. The effect of obesity on spirometry tests among healthy non-smoking adults. BMC Pulm. Med. 2012; 12: 10. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-12-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al Ghobain M. The effect of obesity on spirometry tests among healthy non-smoking adults. BMC Pulm. Med. 2012; 12: 10. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-12-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
