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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2020-30-3-295-304</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-1324</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фиксированная обструкция дыхательных путей у больных бронхиальной астмой</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fixed airflow obstruction in patients with asthma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1544-4336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеева</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергеева Галина Раисовна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры пульмонологии.</p><p>195015, Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная ул., 41; тел.: (812) 970-72-14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina R. Sergeeva - Candidate of Medicine,, Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonology.</p><p>Ul. Kirochnaya 41, Saint-Petersburg, 191015; tel.: (812) 9707214</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergeevagr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8574-6869</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emel'yanov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Емельянов Александр Викторович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии.</p><p>195015, Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная ул., 41; тел.: (812) 970-71-88</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr V. Emel'yanov - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Head of Department of Pulmonology.</p><p>Ul. Kirochnaya 41, Saint-Petersburg, 191015; tel.: (812) 9707188</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">emelav@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4616-3166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лешенкова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leshenkova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лешенкова Евгения Владиславовна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры пульмонологии.</p><p>195015, Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная ул., 41; тел.: (812) 970-72-14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eugenia V. Leshenkova - Candidate of Medicine,, Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonology.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leshenkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Знахуренко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Znakhurenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Знахуренко Антонина Александровна – ассистент кафедры пульмонологии.</p><p>195015, Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная ул., 41; тел.: (812) 970-72-14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Antonina A. Znakhurenko - Assistant Professor, Department of Pulmonology.</p><p>Ul. Kirochnaya 41, Saint-Petersburg, 191015; tel.: (812) 9707214</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">znakhurenko@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асатиани</surname><given-names>Н. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Asatiani</surname><given-names>N. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Асатиани Нана Зауриевна – аспирант кафедры пульмонологии.</p><p>195015, Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная ул., 41; тел.: (812) 970-72-14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nana Z. Asatiani - postgraduate student, Department of Pulmonology.</p><p>Ul. Kirochnaya 41, Saint-Petersburg, 191015; tel.: (812) 9707214</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nanuchiasatiani@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9455-1043</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>А. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>A. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Румянцев Александр Шаликович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры факультетской терапии.</p><p>199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., 7 / 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander Sh. Rumyantsev - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Faculty therapy Department.</p><p>Universitetskaya naberezhnaya 7/9, Saint-Petersburg, 199034; tel.: (911) 267-74-13</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rash.56@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И.Мечникова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I.Mechnikov State North-West Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg Federal State University; Ministry of Education and Sciences of Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>295</fpage><lpage>304</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сергеева Г.Р., Емельянов А.В., Лешенкова Е.В., Знахуренко А.А., Асатиани Н.З., Румянцев А.Ш., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сергеева Г.Р., Емельянов А.В., Лешенкова Е.В., Знахуренко А.А., Асатиани Н.З., Румянцев А.Ш.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sergeeva G.R., Emel'yanov A.V., Leshenkova E.V., Znakhurenko A.A., Asatiani N.Z., Rumyantsev A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1324">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1324</self-uri><abstract><p>По данным международных рекомендаций последних лет предлагается выделять бронхиальную астму (БА) с фиксированной обструкцией (ФО) в качестве отдельного фенотипа.</p><p>Целью исследования явились клинико-функциональная характеристика и выявление факторов риска формирования фенотипа БА + ФО.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Обследованы взрослые амбулаторные пациенты с БА (n = 432) и сочетанием БА и хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ) вне обострения (n = 58). Выполнялись сбор анамнеза, объективное обследование, спирометрия с оценкой обратимости обструкции (спирограф 2120 Vitalograph, Великобритания), оценка атопического статуса (кожные пробы или специфические IgE в сыворотке крови). Определялось содержание эозинофилов и нейтрофилов в периферической крови (импедансным методом на автоматическом гемоанализаторе). Оксид азота выдыхаемого воздуха измерялся на хемилюминесцентном газоанализаторе (Logan 4100, Великобритания). Оценивались контроль над БА и качество жизни пациентов при помощи русскоязычных версий теста по контролю над БА (Asthma Control Questionnaire – ACQ-5) и респираторного вопросника госпиталя Святого Георгия (St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire – SGRQ) соответственно. Статистический анализ проводился с использованием параметрических и непараметрических методов при помощи пакета прикладных программ Statistica 10. Статистически значимой считалась величина двустороннего р &lt; 0,05.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Среди больных БА без ХОБЛ встречаемость ФО составила 31 %, при этом наиболее часто (60 %) ФО выявлялась при БА тяжелого течения и реже – при легком (7 %) и среднетяжелом (36 %) течении болезни. Среди пациентов с сочетанием БА и ХОБЛ преобладало тяжелое течение заболевания – 77 %. Пациенты с ФО были старше и длительность заболевания у них была больше. Наличие ФО сопровождалось более низкими показателями функции легких, большей частотой положительных маркеров эозинофильного воспаления, худшими показателями контроля над БА и качества жизни, более высокой потребностью в препаратах «неотложной помощи» и лекарственных средствах для поддерживающего лечения БА, в т. ч. биологической терапии, бόльшим использованием ресурсов здравоохранения. К факторам риска возникновения ФО у больных БА относятся дебют БА в возрасте до 25 лет (отношение шансов (odds ratio – OR) – 1,6), сенсибилизация к клещам домашней пыли (ОR – 1,8), пассивное курение (ОR – 6,5), перенесенные в течение жизни пневмонии (ОR – 3,0).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Сочетание БА + ФО может рассматриваться в качестве отдельного фенотипа заболевания с более тяжелым течением и менее благоприятным прогнозом.</p></sec><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>According to international guidelines in recent years, it has been proposed that bronchial asthma (BA) with fixed airflow obstructions (FAO) be identified as a separate phenotype.</p><p>The aim of the study was the clinical and functional characterization and identification of risk factors for the formation of the phenotype BA with FAO.</p><sec><title>Materials</title><p>Materials. We examined adult outpatients with BA (n = 432) and a combination of BA and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) without exacerbation (n = 58). Anamnesis collection, objective examination, spirometry with the assessment of obstruction reversibility (spirograph 2120 Vitalograph, UK), atopic status assessment (skin samples or specific IgE in serum) were performed. The level of eosinophils and neutrophils in peripheral blood was determined (by the impedance method on the automatic haemoanalyzer). Nitric oxide of exhaled air was measured by a chemiluminescent gas analyzer (Logan 4100, UK). BA control and quality of life of patients were evaluated using the Russian language versions of the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5) and the St. George's Hospital Respiratory Questionnaire (St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire – SGRQ) respectively. Statistical analysis was carried out using parametric and non-parametric methods using the application program package Statistica 10. The value of bilateral p &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Among patients with BA without COPD, the incidence of FAO was 31%, with the most frequent (60%) FAO was found in severe BA and less often – in the mild (7%) and medium (36%) course of the disease. Among patients with a combination of BA and COPD, a severe course of the disease prevailed – 77%. Patients with FAO were older and had a longer duration of disease. The presence of FAO was accompanied by lower rates of pulmonary function, a higher frequency of positive markers of eosinophilic inflammation, worse indicators of control over BA and quality of life, a higher need for “emergency” drugs and drugs to support the treatment of BA, including biological therapy, increased use of healthcare resources. The risk factors for FAO in patients with BA include the debut of BA under 25 years of age (odds ratio (OR) – 1.6), sensitization to ticks of house dust (OR – 1.8), passive smoking (OR – 6.5), suffered during the life of pneumonia (OR - 3.0).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The combination of BA + FAO can be considered as a separate phenotype of the disease with a more severe course and less favorable prognosis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>фиксированная обструкция дыхательных путей</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>fixed airway obstruction</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. 2020 GINA Report. Available at: www.ginasthma.org</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. 2020 GINA Report. 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