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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2020-30-3-344-349</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-1321</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дорназа альфа в лечении COVID-19: разрушение нейтрофильных внеклеточных ловушек</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dornase alfa in the treatment of COVID-19: destruction of neutrophil extracellular traps</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амелина</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Amelina</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Амелина Елена Львовна – кандидат медицинских наук, заведующая лабораторией муковисцидоза.</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28; тел.: (926) 205-03-91</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena L. Amelina - Candidate of Medicine, head of the cystic fibrosis laboratory.</p><p>Orekhovyy bul'var 28, Moscow, 115682; tel.: 8(926) 205-03-91</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eamelina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0503-6371</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каширская</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashirskaya</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каширская Наталия Юрьевна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории генетической эпидемиологии.</p><p>115478, Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1; тел.: (910) 440-05-63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya Yu. Kashirskaya - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Principal Researcher at Laboratory of Genetic Epidemiology.</p><p>Ul. Moskvorech'e 1, Moscow, 1115478; tel.: (910) 440-05-63</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kashirskayanj@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмарина</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmarina</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шмарина Галина Владимировна – кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной биологии.</p><p>115478, Москва, ул. Москворечье, 1; тел.: (915) 450-95-86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina V. Shmarina, Candidate of Medicine, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Biology</p><p>Ul. Moskvorech'e 1, Moscow, 1115478; tel.: (915) 450-95-86</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sakmarariver@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9642-0947</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красовский</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasovskiy</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Красовский Станислав Александрович – кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории муковисцидоза.</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28; тел.: (495) 965-23-24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav A. Krasovskiy, Candidate of Medicine, Senior scientist of the Cystic fibrosis Laboratory.</p><p>Orekhovyy bul'var 28, Moscow, 115682; tel.: (926) 273-76-34</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sa_krasovsky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-4467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудлай</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudlay</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудлай Дмитрий Анатольевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, генеральный директор.</p><p>601125, Владимирская область, поселок Вольгинский, ул. Заводская, стр. 273; (495) 988-47-94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Kudlay, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, General Director.</p><p>Ul. Zavodskaya, build. 273, Vol'ginsky, Vladimir Region, 601125; tel.: (495) 988-47-94</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dakudlay@generium.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1179-3881</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маркова Оксана Анатольевна - начальник научного отдела управления клинических исследований.</p><p>601125, Владимирская область, поселок Вольгинский, ул. Заводская, стр. 273; (495) 988-47-94</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana A. Markova, Head of the Scientific division of Department of clinical research.</p><p>Ul. Zavodskaya, build. 273, Vol'ginsky, Vladimir Region, 601125; tel.: (495) 988-47-94</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">oamarkova@generium.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Авдеев Сергей Николаевич – доктор медицинских наук, член-корр. Российской академии наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии Первый МГМУ им. И.М.Сеченова, руководитель клинического отдела НИИП.</p><p>115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28; 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; тел.: (495) 395-63-93</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Avdeev, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of Pulmonology Department, I.M.Sechenov FMSMU; Head of Clinical Division, Federal Pulmonology Research Institute, FMBAR.</p><p>Orekhovyy bul'var 28, Moscow, 115682; Ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991; tel.: (495) 395-63-93</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_avdeev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Медико-генетический научный центр имени академика Н.П. Бочкова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician N.P.Bochkov Federal Medical Genetic Academic Center, Russian Academy of Science</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Акционерное общество ГЕНЕРИУМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>GENERIUM Joint-Stock Company</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М.Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia; I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>344</fpage><lpage>349</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Амелина Е.Л., Каширская Н.Ю., Шмарина Г.В., Красовский С.А., Кудлай Д.А., Маркова О.А., Авдеев С.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Амелина Е.Л., Каширская Н.Ю., Шмарина Г.В., Красовский С.А., Кудлай Д.А., Маркова О.А., Авдеев С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Amelina E.L., Kashirskaya N.Y., Shmarina G.V., Krasovskiy S.A., Kudlay D.A., Markova O.A., Avdeev S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1321">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1321</self-uri><abstract><p>При тяжелом или фатальном течении COVID-19 быстрая репликация вируса приводит к развитию аберрантной воспалительной реакции, одним из проявлений которой является т. н. цитокиновый шторм, характеризующийся повышением концентрации в плазме ряда цитокинов, которые поддерживают нейтрофильную активность и стимулируют эндотелиальные клетки. Эти данные подтверждены результатами патологоанатомических работ и указывают на нейтрофильную инфильтрацию легочной ткани c образованием особых структур – нейтрофильных внеклеточных ловушек (neutrophil extracellular traps – NET) у умерших пациентов с COVID-19. В статье рассматриваются возможные механизмы действия препарата дорназа альфа, разработанного для лечения больных муковисцидозом, при приеме которого не только снижается уровень активности нейтрофилов, но и замедляется высвобождение и ускоряется клиренс внеклеточных ловушек из нитей ДНК при лечении пациентов с COVID-19. Предложен протокол возможного применения отечественного препарата дорназа альфа при лечении пациентов с COVID-19.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the severe or fatal course of COVID-19, rapid virus replication gives rise to exuberant inflammatory response including cytokine storm, characterized by elevated plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines that support neutrophil activity and stimulate endothelial cells. Рost mortem examinations confirm these data, indicating extensive neutrophil infiltration and accumulation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET)s in lung tissues of patients who have died from COVID-19. In this paper the possibility of therapy with dornase-alfa in COVID-19 patients is discussed. Designed to treat cystic fibrosis lung disease, this drug can reduce neutrophil activity, slow down the NET release and accelerate the NET clearance in the airways of COVID-19 patients. The authors also present the protocol of COVID-19 therapy with dornase-alfa produced by Russian manufacturer.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>нейтрофильные внеклеточные ловушки</kwd><kwd>нетоз</kwd><kwd>дорназа альфа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>neutrophil extracellular traps</kwd><kwd>netosis</kwd><kwd>dornase alpha</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen N., Zhou M., Dong X. et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10223): 507–513. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen N., Zhou M., Dong X. et al. 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