pulmoПульмонологияPULMONOLOGIYA0869-01892541-9617Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC10.18093/0869-0189-2020-30-1-81-91pulmo-1286Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWСовременные подходы к ведению пациентов с бронхоэктазиейModern approaches to the management of patients with bronchoectasiaАнаевЭ. Х.AnaevE. Kh.

Анаев Эльдар Хусеевич – д. м. н., профессор кафедры пульмонологии

117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, 1тел.: (910) 434-76-92 

El'dar Kh. Anaev, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Department of Pulmonology

ul. Ostrovityanova 1, Moscow, 117997tel.: (910) 434-76-92 

el_anaev@hotmail.comФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияN.I.Pirogov Federal Russian National Research Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of RussiaRussian Federation2020210420203018191Copyright © Анаев Э.Х., 20202020Анаев Э.Х.Anaev E.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1286

Бронхоэктазия (БЭ) – это хроническое гетерогенное заболевание легких, характеризующееся рецидивирующей инфекцией, воспалением, постоянным кашлем и отделением мокроты. Ранняя диагностика БЭ является одной из основных рекомендаций руководства Европейского респираторного общества (European Respiratory Society – ERS). Для этого необходимо выявление особенностей истории болезни и проведение мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии (МСКТ) органов грудной клетки. Несмотря на комплексное обследование, у большей части пациентов классифицируется идиопатическая БЭ. В руководстве ERS для выявления причин БЭ предлагается минимальный набор анализов, включающий определение иммуноглобулинов сыворотки, тесты на аллергический бронхолегочный аспергиллез и общий анализ крови. Другие исследования рекомендуется проводить на основании анамнеза заболевания и рентгенологических особенностей, что указывает на важность распознавания врачами разных специальностей клинических фенотипов БЭ, при которых требуется проведение специальных исследований. В статье представлены алгоритмы первоначального обследования и ведения пациентов с БЭ, в частности МСКТ-семиотика и клинические особенности, при помощи которых можно установить конкретные причины.

The bronchoectasia (BE) is a chronic heterogeneous lung disease characterized by recurrent infection, inflammation, persistent cough and sputum discharge. The early BE diagnosis is one of the main recommendations of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines, which requires medical history collection and multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of thoracic organs. Despite the complex examination, in most patients BE is classified as idiopathic. The minimum set of tests, including serum immunoglobulins, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis tests and hematology is proposed in ERS guideline for detection of BE causes. Other examinations are recommended to perform based on disease history and radiological characteristics, indicating the importance of BE clinical phenotype identification by different healthcare specialists, for which special examinations are required. Initial examination algorithms and management of patients with BE, in particular, MSCT-semiotics and clinical features, which could help to identify specific reasons are presented in the article.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.