<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2020-30-1-61-68</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-1281</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Протективное действие беклометазона дипропионата при моделировании хронической обструктивной болезни легких</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The protective effect of beclomethasone dipropionate in the modeling of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4678-3904</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титова</surname><given-names>О. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titova</surname><given-names>O. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Титова Ольга Николаевна – д. м. н., профессор, директор Научно-исследовательского института пульмонологии</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8тел.: (812) 338-78-40 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol'ga N. Titova, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Director of Pulmonology Research Institute</p><p>ul. L'va Tolstogo 6–8, Saint-Petersburg, 197089tel.: (812) 338-78-40 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">titova-on@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1166-9717</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузубова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzubova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузубова Наталия Анатольевна – д. м. н., заместитель директора Научно-исследовательского института пульмонологии</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8тел.: (812) 338-66-16 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nataliya A. Kuzubova, Doctor of Medicine, Deputy Director, Pulmonology Research Institute</p><p>ul. L'va Tolstogo 6–8, Saint-Petersburg, 197089tel.: (812) 338-66-16 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kuzubova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6887-0166</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лебедева Елена Сергеевна – к. б. н., ведущий научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательского института пульмонологии</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6–8тел.: (812) 338-78-20 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena S. Lebedeva, Candidate of Biology, Leading Researcher, Pulmonology Research Institute</p><p>ul. L'va Tolstogo 6–8, Saint-Petersburg, 197089tel.: (812) 338-78-20 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">osmelena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П.Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician I.P.Pavlov First Federal Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Титова О.Н., Кузубова Н.А., Лебедева Е.С., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Титова О.Н., Кузубова Н.А., Лебедева Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Titova O.N., Kuzubova N.A., Lebedeva E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1281">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1281</self-uri><abstract/><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"/><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких</kwd><kwd>ингаляционные глюкокортикостероиды</kwd><kwd>беклометазона дипропионат</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</kwd><kwd>inhaled glucocorticosteroids</kwd><kwd>Beclomethasone dipropionate</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Публикация осуществлена при финансовой поддержке компании «Кьези Фармасьютикалс». Мнение автора может не совпадать с позицией компании. Компания «Кьези Фармасьютикалс» не несет ответственности за возможные нарушения авторских прав и иных прав третьих лиц в результате публикации и распространения данной информации.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This publication is supported by Chiesi Pharmaceuticals. The author's opinion could differ from the position of the company. Chiesi Pharmaceuticals is not responsible for any possible pyracy and other violations of stakeholders' rights and right of other third parties resulted from this publication and the information spread.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2019 Report. Available at: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GOLD-2019-v1.7-FINAL-14Nov2018WMS.pdf [Accessed: September 6, 2019].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2019 Report. Available at: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GOLD-2019-v1.7-FINAL-14Nov2018WMS.pdf [Accessed: September 6, 2019].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rutgers S.R., Postma D.S., ten Hacken N.H. et al. Ongoing airway inflammation in patients with COPD who do not currently smoke. Thorax. 2000; 55 (1): 12–18. DOI:10.1136/thorax.55.1.12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rutgers S.R., Postma D.S., ten Hacken N.H. et al. Ongoing airway inflammation in patients with COPD who do not currently smoke. Thorax. 2000; 55 (1): 12–18. DOI: 10.1136/thorax.55.1.12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnes P.J. Inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: a controversy. Respiration. 2010; 80 (2): 89–95. DOI: 10.1159/000315416.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnes P.J. Inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: a controversy. Respiration. 2010; 80 (2): 89–95. DOI: 10.1159/000315416.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aisanov Z., Avdeev S., Arkhipov V. et al. Russian guidelines for the management of COPD: algorithm of pharmacologic treatment. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2018; 13: 183–187. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S153770.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aisanov Z., Avdeev S., Arkhipov V. et al. Russian guidelines for the management of COPD: algorithm of pharmacologic treatment. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2018; 13: 183–187. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S153770.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agusti A., Fabbri L.M., Singh D. et al. Inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: friend or foe? Eur. Respir. J. 2018; 52 (6). pii: 1801219. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01219-2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agusti A., Fabbri L.M., Singh D. et al. Inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: friend or foe? Eur. Respir. J. 2018; 52 (6). pii: 1801219. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01219-2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cataldo D., Derom E., Liistro G. et al. Overuse of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: five questions for withdrawal in daily practice. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2018; 13: 2089–2099. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S164259.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cataldo D., Derom E., Liistro G. et al. Overuse of inhaled corticosteroids in COPD: five questions for withdrawal in daily practice. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2018; 13: 2089–2099. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S164259.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crim C., Calverley P.M.A., Anderson J.A. et al. Pneumonia risk in COPD patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids alone or in combination: TORCH study results. Eur. Respir. J. 2009; 34 (3): 641–647. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00193908.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crim C., Calverley P.M.A., Anderson J.A. et al. Pneumonia risk in COPD patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids alone or in combination: TORCH study results. Eur. Respir. J. 2009; 34 (3): 641–647. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00193908.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vanfleteren L., Fabbri L.M., Papi A. et al. Triple therapy (ICS/LABA/LAMA) in COPD: time for a reappraisal. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2018; 13: 3971–3981. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S185975.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanfleteren L., Fabbri L.M., Papi A. et al. Triple therapy (ICS/LABA/LAMA) in COPD: time for a reappraisal. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2018; 13: 3971–3981. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S185975.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas B.J., Porritt R.A., Hertzog P.J. et al. Glucocorticosteroids enhance replication of respiratory viruses: effect of adjuvant interferon. Sci. Rep. 2014; 4: 7176. DOI: 10.1038/srep07176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas B.J., Porritt R.A., Hertzog P.J. et al. Glucocorticosteroids enhance replication of respiratory viruses: effect of adjuvant interferon. Sci. Rep. 2014; 4: 7176. DOI: 10.1038/srep07176.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Contoli M., Pauletti A., Rossi M.R. et al. Long-term effects of inhaled corticosteroids on sputum bacterial and viral loads in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2017; 50 (4): 1700451. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00451-2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Contoli M., Pauletti A., Rossi M.R. et al. Long-term effects of inhaled corticosteroids on sputum bacterial and viral loads in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2017; 50 (4): 1700451. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00451-2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pavord I.D., Lettis S., Locantore N. et al. Blood eosinophils and inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β-2 agonist efficacy in COPD. Thorax. 2016; 71 (2): 118–125. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavord I.D., Lettis S., Locantore N. et al. Blood eosinophils and inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β-2 agonist efficacy in COPD. Thorax. 2016; 71 (2): 118–125. DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bafadhel M., Pavord I.D., Russell R.E.K. Eosinophils in COPD: just another biomarker? Lancet Respir. Med. 2017; 5 (9): 747–759. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30217-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bafadhel M., Pavord I.D., Russell R.E.K. Eosinophils in COPD: just another biomarker? Lancet Respir. Med. 2017; 5 (9): 747–759. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(17)30217-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnes P.J. Role of HDAC2 in the pathophysiology of COPD. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2009; 71: 451–464. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.010908.163257.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnes P.J. Role of HDAC2 in the pathophysiology of COPD. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2009; 71: 451–464. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.010908.163257.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoonhorst S.J.M., ten Hacken N.H.T., Vonk J.M. et al. Steroid resistance in COPD? Overlap and differential antiinflammatory effects in smokers and ex-smokers. PLoS One. 2014; 9 (2): e87443. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087443.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoonhorst S.J.M., ten Hacken N.H.T., Vonk J.M. et al. Steroid resistance in COPD? Overlap and differential antiinflammatory effects in smokers and ex-smokers. PLoS One. 2014; 9 (2): e87443. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087443.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sims M.W., Tal-Singer R.M., Kierstein S. et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and inhaled steroids alter surfactant protein D (SP-D) levels: a cross-sectional study. Respir. Res. 2008; 9: 13. DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-9-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sims M.W., Tal-Singer R.M., Kierstein S. et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and inhaled steroids alter surfactant protein D (SP-D) levels: a cross-sectional study. Respir. Res. 2008; 9: 13. DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-9-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lebedeva E.S., Kuzubova N.A., Danilov L.N. et al. Experimental modelling of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 2012; 152 (5): 659–663. DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1601-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebedeva E.S., Kuzubova N.A., Danilov L.N. et al. Experimental modelling of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 2012; 152 (5): 659–663. DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1601-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федин А.Н., Кузубова Н.А., Данилов Л.Н., Лебедева Е.С. Нарушение функции нервных структур дыхательных путей у ингалированных диоксидом азота крыс. Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М.Сеченова. 2007; 93 (9): 1071–1077.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedin A.N., Kuzubova N.A., Danilov L.N., Lebedeva E.S. [Dysfunction of airway nervous structures in rats inhaled with nitrogen dioxide]. Rossiyskiy fiziologicheskiy zhurnal im. I.M.Sechenova. 2007; 93 (9): 1071–1077 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федин А.Н., Кузубова Н.А., Данилов Л.Н. и др. Бронхолитический эффект преднизолона у крыс, ингалированных диоксидом азота. Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М.Сеченова. 2010; 96 (3): 293–300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedin A.N., Kuzubova N.A., Danilov L.N. et al. [Broncholytic effect of prednisolone in the rats inhaled with nitrogen dioxide]. Rossiyskiy fiziologicheskiy zhurnal im. I.M.Sechenova. 2010; 96 (3): 293–300 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузубова Н.А., Федин А.Н., Лебедева Е.С., Платонова И.С. Влияние различных вариантов терапии на сокращение бронхов крыс с моделированной обструктивной болезнью легких. Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М.Сеченова. 2014; 100 (9): 1049–1058.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzubova N.A., Fedin A.N., Lebedeva E.S., Platonova I.S. [Effect of different therapy options on bronchial contraction in rats with modeled obstructive pulmonary disease]. Rossiyskiy fiziologicheskiy zhurnal im. I.M.Sechenova. 2014; 100 (9): 1049–1058 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ueki S., Melo R.C.N., Ghiran I. et al. Eosinophil extracellular DNA trap cell death mediates lytic release of free secretion-competent eosinophil granules in humans. Blood. 2013; 121 (11): 2074–2083. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-432088.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ueki S., Melo R.C.N., Ghiran I. et al. Eosinophil extracellular DNA trap cell death mediates lytic release of free secretion-competent eosinophil granules in humans. Blood. 2013; 121 (11): 2074–2083. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-05-432088.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ueki S., Tokunaga T., Fujieda S.et al. Eosinophil Etosis and DNA traps: a new look at eosinophilic inflammation. Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 2016; 16 (8): 54. DOI: 10.1007/s11882016-0634-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ueki S., Tokunaga T., Fujieda S.et al. Eosinophil Etosis and DNA traps: a new look at eosinophilic inflammation. Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 2016; 16 (8): 54. DOI: 10.1007/s11882016-0634-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Uribe Echevarría L., Leimgruber C., Garcia González J. et al. Evidence of eosinophil extracellular trap cell death in COPD: does it represent the trigger that switches on the disease? Int. J. COPD. 2017; 12: 885–896. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S115969.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Uribe Echevarría L., Leimgruber C., Garcia González J. et al. Evidence of eosinophil extracellular trap cell death in COPD: does it represent the trigger that switches on the disease? Int. J. COPD. 2017; 12: 885–896. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S115969.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Snoeck-Stroband J.B., Lapperre T.S., Sterk P.J. et al. Prediction of long-term benefits of inhaled steroids by phenotypic markers in moderate-to-severe COPD: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (12): e0143793. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143793.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snoeck-Stroband J.B., Lapperre T.S., Sterk P.J. et al. Prediction of long-term benefits of inhaled steroids by phenotypic markers in moderate-to-severe COPD: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2015; 10 (12): e0143793. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143793.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Russo P., Tomino C., Santoro A. et al. FKBP5 rs4713916: a potential genetic predictor of interindividual different response to inhaled corticosteroids in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a real-life setting. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019; 20 (8): pii: Е2024. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Russo P., Tomino C., Santoro A. et al. FKBP5 rs4713916: a potential genetic predictor of interindividual different response to inhaled corticosteroids in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a real-life setting. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019; 20 (8): pii: Е2024. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cosío B.G., Jahn A., Iglesias A. et al. Haemophilus influenzae induces steroid-resistant inflammatory responses in COPD. BMC Pulm. Med. 2015; 15: 157. DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0155-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cosío B.G., Jahn A., Iglesias A. et al. Haemophilus influenzae induces steroid-resistant inflammatory responses in COPD. BMC Pulm. Med. 2015; 15: 157. DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0155-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ito K., Lim S., Caramori G. et al. A molecular mechanism of action of theophylline: Induction of histone deacetylase activity to decrease inflammatory gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2002; 99 (13): 8921–8926. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.132556899.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ito K., Lim S., Caramori G. et al. A molecular mechanism of action of theophylline: Induction of histone deacetylase activity to decrease inflammatory gene expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2002; 99 (13): 8921–8926. DOI: 10. 1073/pnas.132556899.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kobayashi Y., Wada H., Rossios C. et al. A novel macrolide/fluoroketolide, solithromycin (CEM-101), reverses corticosteroid insensitivity via phosphoinositide 3kinase pathway inhibition. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2013; 169 (5): 1024–1034. DOI: 10.1111/bph.12187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kobayashi Y., Wada H., Rossios C. et al. A novel macrolide/fluoroketolide, solithromycin (CEM-101), reverses corticosteroid insensitivity via phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway inhibition. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2013; 169 (5): 10241034. DOI: 10.1111/bph.12187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pirina P., Foschino Barbaro M.P., Paleari D., Spanevello A. Small airway inflammation and extrafine inhaled corticosteroids plus long-acting beta2-agonists formulations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir. Med. 2018; 143: 74–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.08.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pirina P., Foschino Barbaro M.P., Paleari D., Spanevello A. Small airway inflammation and extrafine inhaled corticosteroids plus long-acting beta2-agonists formulations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir. Med. 2018; 143: 74–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.08.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лещенко И.В., Куделя Л.М., Игнатова Г.Л. и др. Резолюция совета экспертов «Место противовоспалительной терапии при ХОБЛ в реальной клинической практике» от 8 апреля 2017 г., Новосибирск. Русский медицинский журнал. 2017; 25 (18): 1322–1324.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leshchenko I.V., Kudelya L.M., Ignatova G.L. et al. [Resolution of the Board of Experts «Place of anti-inflammatory therapy in COPD in real clinical practice» dated April 8th , 2017, Novosibirsk]. Russkiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2017; 25 (18): 1322–1324 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Backer J., Vos W., Vinchurkar S. et al. The effects of extrafine beclometasone/formoterol (BDP/F) on lung function, dyspnea, hyperinflation, and airway geometry in COPD patients: novel insight using functional respiratory imaging. J. Aerosol. Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv. 2015; 28 (2): 88–99. DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2013.1064.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Backer J., Vos W., Vinchurkar S. et al. The effects of extrafine beclometasone/formoterol (BDP/F) on lung function, dyspnea, hyperinflation, and airway geometry in COPD patients: novel insight using functional respiratory imaging. J. Aerosol. Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv. 2015; 28 (2): 88–99. DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2013.1064.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Postma D.S., Roche N. Colice G. et al. Comparing the effectiveness of small-particle versus large-particle inhaled corticosteroid in COPD. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2014; 9 (1): 1163–1186. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S68289.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Postma D.S., Roche N. Colice G. et al. Comparing the effectiveness of small-particle versus large-particle inhaled corticosteroid in COPD. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2014; 9 (1): 1163–1186. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S68289.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Papi A., Vestbo J., Fabbri L. et al. Extrafine inhaled triple therapy versus dual bronchodilator therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (TRIBUTE): a double-blind, parallel group, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018; 391 (10125): 1076–1084. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30206-X.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Papi A., Vestbo J., Fabbri L. et al. Extrafine inhaled triple therapy versus dual bronchodilator therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (TRIBUTE): a double-blind, parallel group, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018; 391 (10125): 1076–1084. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30206-X.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
