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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2019-29-6-734-738</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-1258</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эктопические обонятельные рецепторы в респираторной системе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ectopic olfactory receptors in the respiratory system</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минеев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mineev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минеев Валерий Николаевич – д. м. н., профессор кафедры терапии госпитальной с курсом аллергологии и иммунологии имени академика М.В.Черноруцкого с клиникой, заместитель директора по научной работе Научно-исследовательского института ревматологии и аллергологии</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, 6-8</p><p>тел.: (812) 450-71-63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriy N. Mineev, Doctor of Medicine, Professor, M.V. Chernorutskiy Department of Hospital Internal Medicine with the Course of Allergology and Immunology, Deputy Director for Science, Federal Research Institute of Rheumatology and Allergology</p><p>ul. L'va Tolstogo 6/8, Saint-Petersburg, 197089, Russia</p><p>tel.: (812) 450-71-63</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vnmineev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П.Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician I.P. Pavlov First Federal Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>734</fpage><lpage>738</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Минеев В.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Минеев В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mineev V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1258">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1258</self-uri><abstract><p>В экспериментальной и клинической медицине, в частности респираторной, появились новые данные и представления о роли т. н. эктопических хемосенсорных рецепторов, экспрессированных вне их канонических локализаций (вне носовой полости) – экстраназальные обонятельные рецепторы. Что касается респираторной системы, то исследования функциональных свойств эктопических обонятельных рецепторов в легких только начинаются. К настоящему времени хорошо известно, что молекулы пахучих веществ (одоранты) связываются с обонятельным рецептором, сопряженным с G-белком (Gαolf), что в свою очередь приводит к активации аденилатциклазы (тип III) и увеличению концентрации вторичного мессенджера – циклического аденозинмонофосфата (цАМФ). При увеличении концентрации цАМФ индуцируется открытие цАМФ-зависимых катионных (в т. ч. кальциевых) каналов. Выявлено, что в нейроэндокринных клетках легких активация обонятельных рецепторов оказывала влияние на высвобождение ими серотонина, а при стимуляции одорантом этих клеток снижался уровень серотонина. Амилбутират и бургеналь, являющиеся агонистами обонятельных рецепторов OR2AG1 и OR1D2 соответственно, влияют на сократимость гладкой мускулатуры бронхов человека. При воздействии милбутирата ингибируется сокращение, индуцированное гистамином, в то время как при воздействии бургеналя повышалась сократимость гладкой мускулатуры. Оба процесса опосредованы повышением цАМФ-зависимым повышением внутриклеточного Ca2+. Представлены данные, которые свидетельствуют об экспрессии этих рецепторов на клетках иммунной системы человека (моноцитах, естественных киллерах, T- и B-лимфоцитах, полиморфноядерных клетках). Предполагается, что эктопические обонятельные рецепторы участвуют в модуляции (контроле) присущих конкретной клетке функций, определяющих специализацию клеток воспаления при бронхиальной астме (БА). В будущем возможно использование модуляции обонятельных рецепторов в качестве нового терапевтического подхода при БА и других хронических воспалительных заболеваниях легких.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>New findings and concepts on a role of so-called “ectopic” chemosensory receptors arise recently. The ectopic receptors are expressed outside their classical localization (nasal cavity) and referred to as extra-nasal olfactory receptors. Functional investigations of the ectopic olfactory receptors in the lungs are also ongoing. To date, it is well-known that molecules of odorous substances (odorants) bind to the G-protein-associated olfactory receptor (Gαolf) that can activate type III adenylate cyclase and increase concentration of a secondary messenger, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). In turn, this induces the opening of cAMP-dependent cationic channels including calcium channels. Olfactory receptor activation in neuroendocrine cells of the lungs affected serotonin release which decreased after the stimulation of those cells by an odorant. Amyl butyrate and burgenal, agonists of OR2AG1 and OR1D2 olfactory receptors, respectively, affect smooth muscle contractibility in human bronchi. Amyl butyrate inhibits histamine-induces muscle contractibility, whereas burgenal increases the smooth muscle contractibility. Both the processes are mediated by cAMP-dependent increase in the intracellular calcium concentration. Data have been published about the receptor expression on immune cells such as monocytes, natural killers, T- and B-lymphocites, and polymorphonuclears. Ectopic olfactory receptors are thought to participate in modulation (controlling) of intrinsic cell functions which provide a special role of inflammatory cells in asthma. In future, the olfactory receptor modulation could be probably used as a novel therapeutic approach in asthma and other chronic inflammatory lung diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эктопические обонятельные рецепторы</kwd><kwd>респираторная система</kwd><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>Gαolf</kwd><kwd>аденилатциклаза III</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>еctopic olfactory receptors</kwd><kwd>respiratory system</kwd><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>Gαolf</kwd><kwd>type III adenylate cyclase</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deshpande D.A., Wang W.C., McIlmoyle E.L. et al. Bitter taste receptors on airway smooth muscle bronchodilate by localized calcium signaling and reverse obstruction. Nat. Med. 2010; 16 (1): 1299–1304. 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