pulmoПульмонологияPULMONOLOGIYA0869-01892541-9617Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC10.18093/0869-0189-2022-32-6-891-898pulmo-1238Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWD-гиповитаминоз у пациентов с заболеваниями органов дыхания в трудоспособном возрасте: риски и профилактикаD-hypovitaminosis in working age patients with diseases of the respiratory organs: the risks and preventionhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9917-0258ИбраеваЛ. К.IbrayevaL. K.

Ибраева Лязат Катаевна - доктор медицинских наук, заведующая кафедрой внутренних болезней № 3.

110000, Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40

тел.: (747) 151-63-04

Lyazat K. Ibrayeva - MD, Karaganda Medical University, Head of the Department of Internal Medicine No.3.

Gogolya ul. 40, Karaganda, 110000

tel.: (747) 151-63-04

libraeva@qmu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2041-1259РыбалкинаД. Х.RybalkinaD. Kh.

Рыбалкина Дина Хабибуллаевна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры внутренних болезней № 3.

110000, Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40

тел.: (747) 387-82-99

Dina Kh. Rybalkina - Candidate of Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine No.3, Karaganda Medical University.

Gogolya ul. 40, Karaganda, 110000

tel.: (747) 387-82-99

ystas666@list.ruЕвменоваО. А.EvmenovaO. A.

Евменова Ольга Анатольевна - резидент II курса по специальности «Пульмонология, в том числе детская».

110000, Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40

тел.: (771) 129-62-41

Olga A. Evmenova - 2nd year Resident, specialty “Pulmonology, including pediatric”, Karaganda Medical University.

Gogolya ul. 40, Karaganda, 110000

tel.: (771) 129-62-41

Evmenova@kgmu.kzТурдалыФ. М.TurdalyF. M.

Турдалы Фариза Манарбеккызы - резидент II курса по специальности «Пульмонология, в том числе детская».

110000, Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40

тел.: (7775) 627-86-69

Fariza M. Turdaly - 2nd year resident in the specialty “Pulmonology, including pediatric”Karaganda Medical University.

Gogolya ul. 40, Karaganda, 110000

tel.: (7775) 627-86-69

lab_epid_karaganda@mail.ruИбрагимЖ. Т.IbragimZh. T.

Ибрагим Жахангир Тажимуратович - резидент II курса по специальности «Пульмонология, в том числе детская».

110000, Караганда, ул. Гоголя, 40

тел.: (7775) 627-86-69

Zhahangir T. Ibragim - 2nd year resident in the specialty “Pulmonology, including pediatric” Karaganda Medical University.

Gogolya ul. 40, Karaganda, 110000

tel.: (7775) 627-86-69

Ibragim@kgmu.kzМедицинский университет КарагандыКазахстанKaraganda Medical UniversityKazakhstan202211122022326891898Copyright © Ибраева Л.К., Рыбалкина Д.Х., Евменова О.А., Турдалы Ф.М., Ибрагим Ж.Т., 20222022Ибраева Л.К., Рыбалкина Д.Х., Евменова О.А., Турдалы Ф.М., Ибрагим Ж.Т.Ibrayeva L.K., Rybalkina D.K., Evmenova O.A., Turdaly F.M., Ibragim Z.T.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1238

D-гиповитаминоз у трудоспособного населения — довольно частое явление в промышленно развитых странах, особенно у пациентов с хроническими заболеваниями, в т. ч. болезнями органов дыхания (БОД). Роль витамина D в кальциевом и костном гомеостазе хорошо известна. В последние годы признано, что помимо классической функции, витамин D модулирует множество процессов и регуляторных систем, участвуя в иммунном ответе и репаративных процессах. Целью работы явилось исследование распространенности D-гиповитаминоза у трудоспособного населения с БОД. Для этого проведен аналитический обзор научной литературы баз данных PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov за 2014—2019 гг. Результаты. По данным эпидемиологических и экспериментальных исследований показано, что низкий уровень сывороточного витамина D связан с нарушением функции легких, увеличением частоты воспалительных, инфекционных или опухолевых заболеваний, среди которых — бронхиальная астма, хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких и рак. Заключение. Знания о прямых патогенетических связях между уровнем витамина D и болезнями легких в настоящее время ограничены, однако в ряде исследований подчеркивается актуальность этой связи. При этом данные о роли уровня витамина D в патогенезе БОД и необходимости его включения в основную терапию для повышения эффективности лечения и точности прогноза противоречивы и требуется дальнейшее их изучение, хотя масштабные скрининговые исследования уровня витамина D с целью его коррекции являются затратными даже с однократным мониторингом его уровня.

D-hypovitaminosis in the working-age population is quite common in industrialized countries, especially when it comes to patients with chronic diseases, including respiratory ones. The role of vitamin D in calcium and bone homeostasis is well known. In recent years, vitamin D has been recognized to modulate many processes and regulatory systems involved in the immune response and reparative processes, in addition to the classic function of this vitamin. Aim. A review of the prevalence of D-hypovitaminosis in the working-age population with respiratory diseases was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov databases for 2014 - 2019. Results. Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that low serum vitamin D is associated with impaired lung function, an increase in the incidence of inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic diseases, which include asthma, COPD, and cancer. Conclusion. Knowledge of direct pathogenetic relationships between vitamin D levels and lung diseases is currently limited, although there is a number of studies that highlight the relevance of this relationship. A number of studies are contradictory in their results, which requires further study of the role of vitamin D levels in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases and the need for its inclusion in the essential therapy to improve the effectiveness of treatment and accuracy of the prognosis. However, large-scale screening studies of vitamin D level for the purpose of its correction are costly, even with a single measurement.

дефицит витамина Dфакторы рискатрудоспособное населениеболезни органов дыханияvitamin D deficiencyrisk factorsworking-age populationrespiratory diseasesReferencesМинистерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации. Пигарова Е.А., Рожинская Л.Я., Белая Ж.Е. и др. Дефицит витамина D у взрослых: диагностика, лечение и профилактика: клинические рекомендации. М.; 2015. Доступно на: https://minzdrav.gov-murman.ru/documents/poryadki-okazaniya-meditsinskoy-pomosh-chi/D%2019042014.pdfMinistry of Health of the Russian Federation. Pigarova E.A., Rozhinskaya L.Ya., Belaya Zh.E. et al. [Vitamin D deficiency in adults: diagnosis, treatment and prevention: Clinical recommendations]. Moscow; 2015. Available at: https://minzdrav.gov-murman.ru/documents/poryadki-okazaniya-meditsinskoy-pomoshchi/D%20 19042014.pdf (in Russian).Пушкарев К.А., Каусова Г.К., Берлизева Ю.А. и др. Дефицит витамина D как фактор снижения работоспособности у подростков. Медицина (Алматы). 2018; 2 (188): 34-38. Доступно на: https://www.medzdrav.kz/images/magazine/medecine/2018/2018-2/34-38.pdfPushkarev K.A., Kausova G.K., Berlizeva Y.A. et al. [Vitamin D deficiency as a factor in the deterioration of working capacity in adolescents]. Meditsina (Almaty). 2018; (2 (188)): 34—38. Available at: https://www.medzdrav.kz/images/magazine/medecine/2018/2018-2/34-38.pdf (in Russian).Tepper S., Shahar D.R., Geva D. et al. Identifying the threshold for vitamin D insufficiency in relation to cardiometabolic markers. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2014; 24 (5): 489-494. DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.10.025.Tepper S., Shahar D.R., Geva D. et al. Identifying the threshold for vitamin D insufficiency in relation to cardiometabolic markers. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2014; 24 (5): 489—494. DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.10.025.Jung Y.S., Chae C.H., Kim Y.O. et al. The relationship between serum vitamin D levels and sleep quality in fixed day indoor field workers in the electronics manufacturing industry in Korea. Ann. Occup. Environ. Med. 2017; 29: 25. DOI: 10.1186/s40557-017-0187-7.Jung Y.S., Chae C.H., Kim Y.O. et al. The relationship between serum vitamin D levels and sleep quality in fixed day indoor field workers in the electronics manufacturing industry in Korea. Ann. Occup. Environ. Med. 2017; 29: 25. DOI: 10.1186/s40557-017-0187-7.Vigna L., Cassinelli L., Tirelli A.S. et al. 25(OH)D levels in relation to gender, overweight, insulin resistance, and inflammation in a cross-sectional cohort of northern Italian workers: evidence in support of preventive health care programs. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 2017; 36 (4): 253-260. DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1264280.Vigna L., Cassinelli L., Tirelli A.S. et al. 25(OH)D levels in relation to gender, overweight, insulin resistance, and inflammation in a cross-sectional cohort of northern Italian workers: evidence in support of preventive health care programs. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 2017; 36 (4): 253—260. DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1264280.McCarthy M.S., Elshaw E.B., Szekely B.M., Pflugeisen В. Health promotion research in active duty army soldiers: The road to a fit and ready force. Nurs. Outlook. 2017; 65 (5, Suppl.): S6-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2017.06.009.McCarthy M.S., Elshaw E.B., Szekely B.M., Pflugeisen B. Health promotion research in active duty army soldiers: The road to a fit and ready force. Nurs. Outlook. 2017; 65 (5, Suppl.): S6—16. DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2017.06.009.Munter G., Levi-Vineberg T., Sylvetsky N. Vitamin D deficiency among physicians: a comparison between hospitalists and community-based physicians. Osteoporos. Int. 2015; 26 (6): 1673-1676. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3028-y.Munter G., Levi-Vineberg T., Sylvetsky N. Vitamin D deficiency among physicians: a comparison between hospitalists and community-based physicians. Osteoporos. Int. 2015; 26 (6): 1673—1676. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3028-y.Горбачев Д.О., Сучков В.В., Сазонова О.В. и др. Анализ содержания витаминов в крови и моче у работников топливно-энергетического предприятия. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2016; (6). Доступно на: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=25474Gorbachev D.O., Suchkov V.V., Sazonova O.V. et al. Analysis of the content of vitamins in the blood and urine of workers of the fuel and energy enterprises. Sovrenennyye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya. 2016; (6): 1—8. Available at: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=25474 (in Russian).Garda de Tena J., El Hachem Debek A., Hemdndez Gutierrez C. et. al. The role of vitamin D in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and other respiratory diseases. papel de la vitamina D en enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crdnica, asma y otras enfer-medades respiratorias. Arch. Вronconeumol. 2014; 5 (50): 179-184. DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2013.11.023.Garda de Tena J., El Hachem Debek A., Herndndez Guti&rez C. et. al. The role of vitamin D in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and other respiratory diseases. papel de la vitamina D en enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crdnica, asma y otras enfer-medades respiratorias. Arch. Вronconeumol. 2014; 5 (50): 179—184. DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2013.11.023.Roggenbuck M., Anderson D., Klingenberg K.B. et al. Vitamin D and allergic airway disease shape the murine lung microbiome in a sex-specific manner. Respir. Res. 2016; 17 (1): 116. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0435-3.Roggenbuck M., Anderson D., Klingenberg K.B. et al. Vitamin D and allergic airway disease shape the murine lung microbiome in a sex-specific manner. Respir. Res. 2016; 17 (1): 116. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0435-3.Авербах М.М., Панова Л.В., Губкина М.Ф. и др. Содержание витамин-D-связывающего протеина в плазме крови у детей и подростков, больных различными формами туберкулеза органов дыхания. Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований. 2018; (4): 43-47. DOI: 10.17513/mjpfi.12180.Averbakh M.M., Panova L.V., Gubkina M.F. et al. [Blood plasma vitamin-D binding protein content in children and adolescents, patients with various forms of lung tuberculosis]. Mezhdunarodnyy zhurnal prikladnykh i fundamental’nykh issledovaniy. 2018; (4): 43—47. DOI: 10.17513/mjpfi.12180 (in Russian).Bakera K.E., Bonvinia S.J., Donovan C. et al. Novel drug targets for asthma and COPD: Lessons learned from in vitro and in vivo models. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 2014; 29 (2): 181-198. DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.05.008.Bakera K.E., Bonvinia S.J., Donovan C. et al. Novel drug targets for asthma and COPD: Lessons learned from in vitro and in vivo models. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther. 2014; 29 (2): 181—198. DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.05.008.Topilski I., Flaishon L., Naveh Y. et al. The anti-inflammatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Th2 cells in vivo are due in part to the control of integrin-mediated T lymphocyte homing. Eur. J. Immunol. 2004; 34 (4): 1068-1076. DOI: 10.1002/eji.200324532.Topilski I., Flaishon L., Naveh Y. et al. The anti-inflammatory effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Th2 cells in vivo are due in part to the control of integrin-mediated T lymphocyte homing. Eur. J. Immunol. 2004; 34 (4): 1068—1076. DOI: 10.1002/eji.200324532.Liu X., Nelson A., Wang X. et. al. Vitamin D modulates prostaglandin E2 synthesis and degradation in human lung fibroblasts. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2014; 50 (1): 40-50. DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0211oc.Liu X., Nelson A., Wang X. et. al. Vitamin D modulates prostaglandin E2 synthesis and degradation in human lung fibroblasts. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 2014; 50 (1): 40—50. DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0211oc.Xystrakis E., Kusumakar S., Boswell S. et al. Reversing the defective induction of IL-10-secreting regulatory T cells in glucocorticoid-resistant asthma patients. J. Clin. Invest. 2006; 116 (1): 146-155. DOI: 10.1172/JCI21759.Xystrakis E., Kusumakar S., Boswell S. et al. Reversing the defective induction of IL-10-secreting regulatory T cells in glucocorticoid-resistant asthma patients. J. Clin. Invest. 2006; 116 (1): 146—155. DOI: 10.1172/JCI21759.Buonfiglio V.L.G., Cano M., Pezzulo A.A. et al. Effect of vitamin D3 on the antimicrobial activity of human airway surface liquid: preliminary results of a randomised placebo-controlled doubleblind trial. BMJ Open Respir. Res. 2017; 1 (4): e000211. DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2017-000211.Buonfiglio V.L.G., Cano M., Pezzulo A.A. et al. Effect of vitamin D3 on the antimicrobial activity of human airway surface liquid: preliminary results of a randomised placebo-controlled doubleblind trial. BMJ Open Respir. Res. 2017; 1 (4): e000211. DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2017-000211.Moberg M., Ringbaek T., Bazeghi N.R. et al. Association between vitamin D status and COPD phenotypes. Lung. 2014; 4 (192): 493-497. DOI: 10.1007/s00408-014-9582-9.Moberg M., Ringbaek T., Bazeghi N.R. et al. Association between vitamin D status and COPD phenotypes. Lung. 2014; 4 (192): 493—497. DOI: 10.1007/s00408-014-9582-9.Trevisan C., Vianello A., Veronese N. et al. The association between bone mineral density and airflow limitation in a cohort of fit elderly women. Lung. 2016; 6 (194): 897-904. DOI: 10.1007/s00408-016-9948-2.Trevisan C., Vianello A., Veronese N. et al. The association between bone mineral density and airflow limitation in a cohort of fit elderly women. Lung. 2016; 6 (194): 897—904. DOI: 10.1007/s00408-016-9948-2.Mulrennan S., Hunter M., Hui J. et al. Vitamin D and respiratory health in the Busselton healthy ageing study. Eur. Respir. J. 2016; 60 (48): PA1137. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.PA1137.Mulrennan S., Hunter M., Hui J. et al. Vitamin D and respiratory health in the Busselton healthy ageing study. Eur. Respir. J. 2016; 60 (48): PA1137. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.PA1137.Bai P., Sun Y., Jin J. et al. Disturbance of the OPG/RANK/RANKL pathway and systemic inflammation in COPD patients with emphysema and osteoporosis. Respir. Res. 2011; 12 (1): 157. DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-157.Bai P., Sun Y., Jin J. et al. Disturbance of the OPG/RANK/RANKL pathway and systemic inflammation in COPD patients with emphysema and osteoporosis. Respir. Res. 2011; 12 (1): 157. DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-157.Persson L.J.P., Aanerud M., Hiemstra P.S. et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with low levels of vitamin D. PLoS One. 2012; 7 (6): e38934. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038934.Persson L.J.P., Aanerud M., Hiemstra P.S. et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with low levels of vitamin D. PLoS One. 2012; 7 (6): e38934. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038934.Goodall E.C., Granados A.C., Luinstra K. et al. Vitamin D3 and gargling for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Infect. Dis. 2014; 14: 273. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-273.Goodall E.C., Granados A.C., Luinstra K. et al. Vitamin D3 and gargling for the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Infect. Dis. 2014; 14: 273. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-273.Жумамбаева С.М., Розенсон Р.И., Моренко М.А. Эффективность применения витамина D при острых респираторных инфекциях у детей, страдающих аллергическим ринитом. Клиническая медицина Казахстана. 2013; (2 (28)): 76. Доступно на: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/effektivnost-primeneniya-vitamina-d-pri-ostryh-respiratornyh-infektsiyah-u-detey-stradayuschih-allergicheskim-rinitom/viewerZhumambayeva S.M., Rozenson R.I., Morenko M.A. [The effectiveness of vitamin D in acute respiratory infections in children suffering from allergic rhinitis]. Klinicheskaya meditsina Kazakhstana. 2013; (2 (28)): 76. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/effektivnost-primeneniya-vitamina-d-pri-ostryh-respiratornyh-infektsiyah-u-detey-stradayuschih-allergicheskim-rinitom/viewer (in Russian).Ginde A.A., Blatchford P., Breese K. et al. High-dose monthly vitamin D for prevention of acute respiratory infection in older long-term care residents: a randomized clinical trial. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2017; 65 (3): 496—503. DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14679.Ginde A.A., Blatchford P., Breese K. et al. High-dose monthly vitamin D for prevention of acute respiratory infection in older long-term care residents: a randomized clinical trial. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 2017; 65 (3): 496-503. DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14679.Lehouck A., Mathieu C., Carremans C. High doses of vitamin D to reduce exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 2012; 156 (2): 105—114. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-156-2-201201170-00004.Lehouck A., Mathieu C., Carremans C. High doses of vitamin D to reduce exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 2012; 156 (2): 105-114. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-156-2-201201170-00004.Martineau A.R., James W.Y., Hooper R.L. et al. Vitamin D3 supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ViDiCO): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir. Med. 2015; 3 (2): 120—130. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70255-3.Martineau A.R., James W.Y., Hooper R.L. et al. Vitamin D3 supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ViDiCO): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir. Med. 2015; 3 (2): 120-130. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70255-3.Han J.E., Jones J.L., Tangpricha V. et al. High dose vitamin D administration in ventilated intensive care unit patients: a pilot double blind randomized controlled trial. J. Clin. Transl. Endocrinol. 2016; 4: 59—65. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2016.04.004.Han J.E., Jones J.L., Tangpricha V. et al. High dose vitamin D administration in ventilated intensive care unit patients: a pilot double blind randomized controlled trial. J. Clin. Transl. Endocrinol. 2016; 4: 59-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2016.04.004.Kanhere M., He J., Chassaing B. et al. Bolus weekly vitamin D3 supplementation impacts gut and airway microbiota in adults with cystic fibrosis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2018; 103 (2): 564—574. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01983.Kanhere M., He J., Chassaing B. et al. Bolus weekly vitamin D3 supplementation impacts gut and airway microbiota in adults with cystic fibrosis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2018; 103 (2): 564-574. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01983.Castro M., King T.S., Kunselman S.J. et al. Effect of vitamin D3 on asthma treatment failures in adults with symptomatic asthma and lower vitamin D levels: the VIDA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014; 311 (20): 2083—2091. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.5052.Castro M., King T.S., Kunselman S.J. et al. Effect of vitamin D3 on asthma treatment failures in adults with symptomatic asthma and lower vitamin D levels: the VIDA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014; 311 (20): 2083-2091. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.5052.Masoero M., Bellocchia M., Ciuffreda A. et al. Laryngeal spasm mimicking asthma and vitamin d deficiency. Allergy Asthma Immunol. Res. 2014; 6 (3): 267—269. DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.3.267.Masoero M., Bellocchia M., Ciuffreda A. et al. Laryngeal spasm mimicking asthma and vitamin d deficiency. Allergy Asthma Immunol. Res. 2014; 6 (3): 267-269. DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.3.267.Ebadi M., Montano-Loza A.J. Perspective: Improving vitamin D status in the management of COVID-19. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2020; 74 (6): 856—859. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0661-0.Ebadi M., Montano-Loza A.J. Perspective: Improving vitamin D status in the management of COVID-19. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2020; 74 (6): 856-859. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0661-0.Grant W.B., Lahore H., McDonnell S.L. et al. Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (4): 988. DOI: 10.3390/nu12040988.Grant W.B., Lahore H., McDonnell S.L. et al. Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (4): 988. DOI: 10.3390/nu12040988.Wei H., Jing H., Wei Q. et al. Associations of the risk of lung cancer with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and dietary vitamin D intake: a dose-response PRISMA meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018; 97 (37): e12282. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012282.Wei H., Jing H., Wei Q. et al. Associations of the risk of lung cancer with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and dietary vitamin D intake: a dose-response PRISMA meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018; 97 (37): e12282. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012282.Akiba T., Morikawa T., Odaka M. et al. Vitamin D supplementation and survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin. Cancer Res. 2018; 24 (17): 4089—4097. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-0483.Akiba T., Morikawa T., Odaka M. et al. Vitamin D supplementation and survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin. Cancer Res. 2018; 24 (17): 4089-4097. DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-0483.Плудовски П., Карчмаревич Э., Байер М. Практические рекомендации по поступлению витамина D и лечению его дефицита в центральной Европе — рекомендуемое потребление витамина D среди населения в целом и в группах риска по дефициту витамина D. Журнал Гродненского государственного медицинского университета. 2014; (2): 109—118. Доступно на: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/prakticheskie-rekomendatsii-po-postupleniyu-vitamina-d-i-lecheniyu-ego-defitsita-v-tsentralnoy-evrope-rekomenduemoe-potreblenie/viewerPludowski P., Karchmarevich E., Bayer M. [Practical guidelines for the supplementation of vitamin d and the treatment of deficits in central Europe - recommended vitamin d intakes in the general population and groups at risk of vitamin D deficiency]. Zhurnal Grodnenskogo go-sudarstvennogo meditsinskogo universiteta. 2014; (2): 109-118. Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/prakticheskie-rekomendatsii-po-postupleniyu-vitamina-d-i-lecheniyu-ego-defitsita-v-tsentralnoy-evrope-rekomenduemoe-potreblenie/viewer

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.