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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2019-29-3-293-301</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-1172</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этиология внебольничной пневмонии у лиц с хронической сердечной недостаточностью</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with chronic heart failure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобылев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobylev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. м. н., научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательского центра, 214019, Смоленск, ул. Крупской, 28;</p><p>координатор проектов, 214019, Смоленск, ул. Крупской, 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medicine, Researcher, Research Center, ul. Krupskoy 28, Smolensk, 214019;</p><p>Project Coordinator, ul. Krupskoy 28, Smolensk, 214019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrey.bobylev@antibiotic.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рачина</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rachina</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., профессор кафедры внутренних болезней с курсом кардиологии и функциональной диагностики имени академика В.С.Моисеева,</p><p>117198, Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medicine, Professor, V.S.Moiseev Department of Internal Medicine with the Course of Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics,</p><p>ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 6, Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlana.ratchina@antibiotic.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеев</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeev</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., профессор, член-корр. Российской академии наук, заведующий кафедрой пульмонологии, 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2;</p><p>руководитель клинического отдела, 115682, Москва, Ореховый бульвар, 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of Department of Pulmonology, ul. Trubetskaya 8, build. 2, Moscow, 119991;</p><p>Head of Clinical Division, Federal Pulmonology Research Institute, Orekhovyy bul'var 28, Moscow, 115682;</p><p>Chief Pulmonologist, Healthcare Ministry of Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">serg_avdeev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Козлов</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д. м. н., профессор, член-корр. Российской академии наук, ректор, 214019, Смоленск, ул. Крупской, 28;</p><p>директор, 214019, Смоленск, ул. Крупской, 28;</p><p>главный внештатный специалист Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации по направлению «Клиническая микробиология и антимикробная резистентность»</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Rector, ul. Krupskoy 28, Smolensk, 214019;</p><p>Director, ul. Krupskoy 28, Smolensk, 214019;</p><p>Chief Specialist of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Healthcare Ministry of Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Roman.Kozlov@antibiotic.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухорукова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhorukova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. м. н., научный сотрудник Научно-исследовательского института антимикробной химиотерапии,</p><p>214019, Смоленск, ул. Крупской, 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Medicine, Researcher, Research Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,</p><p>ul. Krupskoy 28, Smolensk, 214019</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marina.sukhorukova@antibiotic.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яцышина</surname><given-names>С. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatsyshina</surname><given-names>S. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к. б. н., старший научный сотрудник отдела молекулярной диагностики и эпидемиологии,</p><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 3а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Biology, Senior Researcher, Division of Molecular Diagnosis and Epidemiology,</p><p>ul. Novogireyevskaya 3a,Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svetlana.yatsyshina@pcr.ms</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елькина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>El’kina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник отдела молекулярной диагностики и эпидемиологии,</p><p>111123, Москва, ул. Новогиреевская, 3а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Division of Molecular Diagnosis and Epidemiology,</p><p>ul. Novogireyevskaya 3a, Moscow, 111123</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">melkina@cmd.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юданова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudanova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач пульмонологического отделения,</p><p>214018, Смоленск, проспект Гагарина, 27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>physician, Pulmonology Department,</p><p>prospekt Gagarina 27, Smolensk, 214018</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yudanovata@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Смоленский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
Межрегиональная ассоциация общественных объединений «Межрегиональная ассоциация по клинической микробиологии и антимикробной&#13;
химиотерапии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smolensk State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia;&#13;
Interregional Association for Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет дружбы народов» Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Peoples' Friendship University, Ministry of Science and higher Education of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М.Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет);&#13;
Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт пульмонологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Healthcare Ministry of Russia;&#13;
Federal Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Смоленский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smolensk State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное бюджетное учреждение науки «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Central Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное бюджетное учреждение науки «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» Федеральной службы по надзору&#13;
в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Central Institute of Epidemiology, Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Областное государственное бюджетное учреждение  здравоохранения «Смоленская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smolensk Regional Teaching Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>08</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>293</fpage><lpage>301</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бобылев А.А., Рачина С.А., Авдеев С.Н., Козлов Р.С., Сухорукова М.В., Яцышина С.Б., Елькина М.А., Юданова Т.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бобылев А.А., Рачина С.А., Авдеев С.Н., Козлов Р.С., Сухорукова М.В., Яцышина С.Б., Елькина М.А., Юданова Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bobylev A.A., Rachina S.A., Avdeev S.N., Kozlov R.S., Sukhorukova M.V., Yatsyshina S.B., El’kina M.A., Yudanova T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1172">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1172</self-uri><abstract><p>Хроническая сердечная недостаточность (ХСН) является одним из наиболее частых сопутствующих заболеваний при внебольничной пневмонии (ВП) у пожилых пациентов. Определение спектра типичных возбудителей ВП у лиц данной категории позволит оптимизировать эмпирическую антибактериальную терапию заболевания.</p><p>Целью исследования явилось изучение структуры возбудителей ВП у больных с ранее выявленной ХСН.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В проспективное наблюдательное клинико-микробиологическое исследование последовательно были включены пациенты (n = 50: 27 (54 %) женщин; средний возраст – 72,20 ± 9,48 года) с установленным диагнозом ХСН, госпитализированные с рентгенологически подтвержденной ВП. Все образцы мокроты, крови, мочи и орофаригнеальные мазки получены до назначения системных антибактериальных препаратов. Для идентификации типичных бактериальных возбудителей (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, энтеробактерий и т. п.) использовалось культуральное исследование мокроты. Детекция Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae и респираторных вирусов в мокроте или орофаригнеальном образце проводилась методом полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) в реальном времени. Для выявления растворимых антигенов Legionella pneumophila серогруппы 1 и S. pneumoniae в моче применялся иммунохроматографический тест.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Этиологический диагноз ВП установлен в 23 (46 %) случаях. Отмечено, что наиболее частым возбудителем заболевания оказался S. pneumoniae – в 16 (69,7 %) случаев. У 3 (13,1 %) больных идентифицированы респираторные вирусы (вирус парагриппа типа 3, коронавирус и метапневмовирус человека). Частота выявления Haemophilus influenzae, S. aureus и Klebsiella pneumoniae составила по 1 (4,3 %) случаю соответственно. Коинфекция S. pneumoniae и вируса парагриппа также зарегистрирована у 1 (4,3 %) пациента.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Продемонстрировано, что ведущими возбудителями ВП у взрослых госпитализированных пациентов c сопутствующей ХСН являлись S. pneumoniae и респираторные вирусы. В связи с ограничениями для культурального исследования мокроты у значительной части пожилых больных необходимо более широкое внедрение в клиническую практику иммунохроматографического теста на пневмококковую антигенурию. Атипичные микроорганизмы (M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, L. pneumophila) в данной субпопуляции диагностического значения не имели, поэтому рутинное применение ПЦР-диагностики для их идентификации и анализа на легионеллезную антигенурию может быть неоправданным. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic heart failure (CHF) is one of the most common comorbidities in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).</p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate etiology of CAP in patients with concomitant CHF.</p><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. This prospective observational study involved adult hospitalized patients with CAP and concomitant CHF. CAP was confirmed by chest X-ray. Sputum samples or oropharyngeal swabs, blood and urine samples were collected in all eligible patients before starting the therapy with systemic antibiotics. Sputum was cultured for «typical» bacterial pathogens, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacterales, etc., in accordance with standard methods and procedures. Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and respiratory viruses in sputum or oropharyngeal swabs were identified using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Urine samples were used to determine serogroup 1 Legionella pneumophila and S. pneumoniae soluble antigens using bedside immunochromatography.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Fifty patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 72.2 ± 9.5 years, 27 (54%) were females. The etiology of CAP was identified in 23 cases (46%). S. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen (16/23; 69.7%) followed by respiratory viruses (3/23; 13.1%), such as type 3 parainfluenza virus, coronavirus, human metapneumovirus; Haemophilus influenzae (1/23; 4.3%), S. aureus (1/23; 4.3%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (1/23; 4.3%). S. pneumoniae and parainfluenza virus co-infection was diagnosed in one of 23 patients (4.3%).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. S. pneumoniae and respiratory viruses were predominant causative pathogens of CAP in hospitalized adults with concomitant CHF. Therefore, bedside tests for urine pneumococcal antigens should be used more widely considering difficult sputum expectoration in elderly. Atypical bacterial pathogens (M. pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, L. pneumophila) were not identified in this study, so the routine PCR-test and urine tests for L. pneumophila antigens are thought to be not useful. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внебольничная пневмония</kwd><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>этиология</kwd><kwd>микробиологическая диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>community-acquired pneumonia</kwd><kwd>chronic heart failure</kwd><kwd>etiology</kwd><kwd>microbiological detection</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья опубликована при финансовой поддержке компании ООО «Пфайзер Инновации». ООО «Пфайзер Инновации» не несет ответственности за содержание статьи. В статье выражена позиция авторов, которая может отличаться от позиции компании ООО «Пфайзер Инновации».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This publication is supported by Pfizer Innovations LLC. 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