pulmoПульмонологияPULMONOLOGIYA0869-01892541-9617Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC10.18093/0869-0189-2018-28-6-730-735pulmo-1090Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWО взаимосвязи хронической обструктивной болезни легких и анемииAbout relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and anemiaЖусинаЮ. Г.ZhusinaYu. G.

Жусина Юлия Геннадьевна – аспирант кафедры факультетской терапии.

394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10, тел.: (920) 443-07-88

Yuliya G. Zhusina - Postgraduate Student, Department of General Internal Medicine.

Ul. Studencheskaya 10, Voronezh, 394622, tel.: (920) 443-07-88

amtidu@mail.ruБудневскийА. В.BudnevskiyA. V.

Будневский Андрей Валериевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, проректор по научно-инновационной деятельности, заведующий кафедрой факультетской терапии.

394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10, тел.: (4732) 63-81-30

Andrey V. Budnevskiy - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Vice-rector for Academic Affairs, Head of Department of General Internal Medicine.

Ul. Studencheskaya 10, Voronezh, 394622, tel.: (4732) 63-81-30

budnev@list.ruФеськоваА. А.Fes’kovaA. A.

Феськова Анна Александровна – кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры факультетской терапии.

394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10, тел.: (920) 440-02-27

Anna A. Fes’kova - Candidate of Medicine, Assistant Lecturer, Department of General Internal Medicine.

Ul. Studencheskaya 10, Voronezh, 394622, tel.: (920) 440-02-27

annushkafeskova@yandex.ruОвсянниковЕ. С.OvsyannikovE. S.

Овсянников Евгений Сергеевич – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры факультетской терапии.

394036, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10,тел.: (910) 340-52-81

Evgeniy S. Ovsyannikov, Candidate of Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of General Internal Medicine.

Ul. Studencheskaya 10, Voronezh, 394622, tel.: (910) 340-52-81

ovses@yandex.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко ФедерацииРоссияN.N.Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Healthcare Ministry of RussiaRussian Federation201816022019286730735Copyright © Жусина Ю.Г., Будневский А.В., Феськова А.А., Овсянников Е.С., 20192019Жусина Ю.Г., Будневский А.В., Феськова А.А., Овсянников Е.С.Zhusina Y.G., Budnevskiy A.V., Fes’kova A.A., Ovsyannikov E.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1090

До недавнего времени одним из облигатных симптомов длительного течения хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ) считался компенсаторный эритроцитоз, связанный с усилением синтеза эритропоэтина вследствие нарушения почечного кровотока, приема некоторых лекарственных препаратов, курения. По результатам ряда недавних исследований у больных ХОБЛ продемонстрирована нормохромная нормоцитарная анемия. Результаты исследованиий распространенности анемии при ХОБЛ сильно различаются – от 7,5 до 33 %. Вопрос, является анемия системным проявлением ХОБЛ или сопутствующей патологией, в настоящее время является дискутабельным. В статье представлен обзор литературы по проблеме взаимосвязи ХОБЛ и анемии. Большинством авторов анемия, ассоциированная с ХОБЛ, характеризуется как анемия хронических заболеваний, однако механизмы ее развития при ХОБЛ до конца не изучены. Исследования способов эффективной коррекции анемии единичны, результаты их весьма противоречивы и неоднозначны; при этом для поиска новых возможностей оптимизации тактики ведения пациентов, улучшения качества жизни и прогноза заболевания требуется проведение фундаментальных и клинических исследований, направленных на изучение механизмов развития анемии при ХОБЛ.

Until recently, compensatory erythrocytosis related to impaired renal blood circulation, treatment with some pharmacological agent, smoking, etc., was considered as one of the obligatory signs of advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Currently, normochromic normocytic anemia in COPD patients was diagnosed according to results of several studies. Prevalence data on anemia in COPD differ significantly from 7.5% to 33%. It is unclear, if anemia is a systemic feature of COPD or comorbidity. This article is a review about relationship between COPD and anemia. Most authors consider anemia in COPD as a condition associated with chronic disease, but mechanisms of its development are not fully investigated. There are few studies of effective treatment of anemia in COPD and their results are controversial. New experimental and clinical studies on mechanisms of anemia in COPD are required to improve management of such patients, their quality of life and outcomes.

анемияхроническая обструктивная болезнь легкихэритропоэзanemiachronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseerythropoiesisReferencesLozano R., Naghavi M., Foreman K. et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 2012; 380 (9859): 2095–2128. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0.Lozano R., Naghavi M., Foreman K. et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 2012; 380 (9859): 2095–2128. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0.Стародубов В.И., Леонов С.А., Вайсман Д.Ш. Анализ основных тенденций изменения заболеваемости населения хроническими обструктивными болезнями легких и бронхоэктатической болезнью в Российской Федерации в 2005–2012 годах. Медицина. 2013; (4): 1–31.Starodubov V.I., Leonov S.A., Vaysman D.Sh. An analysis of general trends in change of morbidity of chronic obstructive lung diseases and bronchiectasis in Russian Federation, 2005 – 2012. Meditsina. 2013; (4): 1–31 (in Russian).Кокосов А.Н. Хронический бронхит и обструктивная болезнь легких. В кн.: Кокосов А.Н., ред. Эволюция представлений о хроническом поражении бронхов и классификация патологии. СПб: Лань; 2002: 11–19.Kokosov A.N. Chronic bronchitis and obstructive lung disease. In: Kokosov A.N., ed. An Evolution of Knowledge on Chronic Bronchial Lesions and Classification of the Diseases. Saint-Petersburg: Lan’; 2002: 11–19 (in Russian).Barnes P.J., Celli B.R. Systemic manifestations and comorbidities of COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2009; 33 (5): 1165–1185. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00128008.Barnes P.J., Celli B.R. Systemic manifestations and comorbidities of COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2009; 33 (5): 1165–1185. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00128008.Прозорова Г.Г., Будневский А.В., Овсянников Е С. и др. К вопросу о системных проявлениях хронической обструктивной болезни легких. Молодой ученый. 2015; 13 (93): 308–310.Prozorova G. G., Budnevskiy A. V., Ovsyannikov E. S. et al. About systemic features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Molodoy uchenyy. 2015; 13 (93): 308–310. (in Russian).Чучалин А.Г. Хронические обструктивные болезни легких. М.: Атмосфера; 2008.Chuchalin A.G. Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases. Moscow: Atmosfera; 2008 (in Russian).Vanfleteren L.E., Spruit M.A., Groenen M. Clusters of comorbidities based on validated objective measurements and systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2013; 187 (7): 728–735. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201209-1665OC.Vanfleteren L.E., Spruit M.A., Groenen M. Clusters of comorbidities based on validated objective measurements and systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2013; 187 (7): 728–735. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201209-1665OC.Ноников В.Е. Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ): диагностика и лечение. Consilium Medicum. 2004; 6 (5): 12–17.Nonikov V.E. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): diagnosis and treatment. Pul’monologiya. 2004; 6 (5): 12–17 (in Russian).Овчаренко С.И., Капустина В.А. Новые достижения в лечении хронической обструктивной болезни лёгких (результаты исследования UPLIFT). Фарматека. 2009; 5 (179): 33–38.Ovcharenko S.I., Kapustina V.A. Recent advances in therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (results of UPLIFT study). Farmateka. 2009; 5 (179): 33–38 (in Russian).Anía B.J., Suman V.J., Fairbanks V.F. et al. Incidence of anemia in older people: an epidemiologic study in a well defined population. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 1997; 45 (7): 825–831. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01509.x.Anía B.J., Suman V.J., Fairbanks V.F. et al. Incidence of anemia in older people: an epidemiologic study in a well defined population. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 1997; 45 (7): 825–831. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01509.x.Chambellan A., Chailleux E., Similowski T. Prognostic value of hematocrit in patients with severe COPD receiving long-term oxygen therapy. Chest. 2005; 128 (3): 1201–1208. DOI: 10.1378/chest.128.3.1201.Chambellan A., Chailleux E., Similowski T. Prognostic value of hematocrit in patients with severe COPD receiving long-term oxygen therapy. Chest. 2005; 128 (3): 1201–1208. DOI: 10.1378/chest.128.3.1201.Дворецкий Л.И. Анемия у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких: коморбидность или системное проявление? Пульмонология. 2012; (2): 5–11. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2012-0-2-5-11.Dvoretsky L.I. Anemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: is it co-morbidity or a systemic manifestation? Pul'monologiya. 2012; (2): 5–11. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2012-0-2-5-11 (in Russian).Guidi G.C., Lechi Santonastaso C. Advancements in anemias related to chronic conditions. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2010; 48 (9): 1217–1226. DOI: 10.1515/CCLM.2010.264.Guidi G.C., Lechi Santonastaso C. Advancements in anemias related to chronic conditions. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2010; 48 (9): 1217–1226. DOI: 10.1515/CCLM.2010.264.Будневский А.В., Есауленко И.Э., Овсянников Е.С., Жусина Ю.Г. Анемии при хронической обструктивной болезни легких. Терапевтический архив. 2016; 88 (3): 96–99. DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201688396-99.Budnevskiy A.V., Esaulenko I.E., Ovsyannikov E.S., Zhusina Yu.G. Anemia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Terapevticheskiy arkhiv. 2016; 88 (3): 96–99. DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201688396-99 (in Russian).Nissenson A.R., Goodnough L.T., Dubois R.W. Anemia: not just an innocent bystander? Arch. Intern. Med. 2003; 163 (12): 1400–1404. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.163.12.1400.Nissenson A.R., Goodnough L.T., Dubois R.W. Anemia: not just an innocent bystander? Arch. Intern. Med. 2003; 163 (12): 1400–1404. DOI: 10.1001/archinte.163.12.1400.John M., Hoernig S., Doehner W. et al. Anemia and inflammation in COPD. Chest. 2005; 127 (3): 825–829. DOI: 10.1378/chest.127.3.825.John M., Hoernig S., Doehner W. et al. Anemia and inflammation in COPD. Chest. 2005; 127 (3): 825–829. DOI: 10.1378/chest.127.3.825.Halpern M.T., Zilberberg M.D., Schmier J.K. et al. Anemia, costs and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cost Eff. Resour. Alloc. 2006; (4): 17. DOI: 10.1186/1478-7547-4-17.Halpern M.T., Zilberberg M.D., Schmier J.K. et al. Anemia, costs and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cost Eff. Resour. Alloc. 2006; (4): 17. DOI: 10.1186/1478-7547-4-17.Shorr A.F., Doyle J., Stern L. et al. Anemia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: epidemiology and economic implications. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2008; 24 (4): 1123–1130. DOI: 10.1185/030079908X280699.Shorr A.F., Doyle J., Stern L. et al. Anemia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: epidemiology and economic implications. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2008; 24 (4): 1123–1130. DOI: 10.1185/030079908X280699.Fidan A., Tokmak M., Kiral N. et al. Anemia in COPD and related factors. Chest. 2010; 138 (4, Suppl.): 457A. DOI: 10.1378/chest.10779.Fidan A., Tokmak M., Kiral N. et al. Anemia in COPD and related factors. Chest. 2010; 138 (4, Suppl.): 457A. DOI: 10.1378/chest.10779.Parveen S., Rangreze I., Ahmad S. N. et al. Prevalence of anemia in patients with COPD and its potential impact on morbidity of COPD patients. Int. J. Clin. Med. 2014; 5 (8): 452–458. DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2014.58063.Parveen S., Rangreze I., Ahmad S. N. et al. Prevalence of anemia in patients with COPD and its potential impact on morbidity of COPD patients. Int. J. Clin. Med. 2014; 5 (8): 452–458. DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2014.58063.Будневский А.В., Воронина Е.В., Овсянников Е.С. и др. Анемия хронических заболеваний как проявление хронической обструктивной болезни легких. Клиническая медицина. 2017; 95 (3): 201–206.Budnevskiy A.V., Voronina E.V., Ovsyannikov E.S. et al. Chronic anemia as a sign of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Klinicheskaya meditsina. 2017; 95 (3): 201–206 (in Russian).Wouters E. Local and systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2005; 2 (1): 26–33. DOI: 10.1513/pats.200408-039MS.Wouters E. Local and systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2005; 2 (1): 26–33. DOI: 10.1513/pats.200408-039MS.Weiss G., Goodnough L.T. Anemia of chronic disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005; 352 (10): 1011–1023. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra041809.Weiss G., Goodnough L.T. Anemia of chronic disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005; 352 (10): 1011–1023. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra041809.Павлов А.Д., Морщакова Е.Ф., Румянцев А.Г. Эритропоэз, эритропоэтин, железо. М.: ГЭОТАР-медиа; 2011.Pavlov A.D., Morshchakova E.F., Rumyantsev A.G. Erythropoiesis, Erythropoietin, and Iron. Moscow: GEOTAR-media; 2011 (in Russian).Шиффман Ф.Дж. Патофизиология крови. (Пер. с англ.). М.: Бином; СПб.: Невский диалект; 2000.Schiffman F.J. Hematologic Pathophysiology. (Translated from English). Moscow: Binom; Saint-Petersburg: Nevskiy dialect; 2000 (in Russian).Kullich W., Niksic F., Burmucic K. et al. [Effects of the chemokine MIP-1alpha on anemia and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis]. Z. Rheumatol. 2002; 61 (5): 568–576. DOI: 10.1007/s00393-002-0410-x (in German).Kullich W., Niksic F., Burmucic K. et al. [Effects of the chemokine MIP-1alpha on anemia and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis]. Z. Rheumatol. 2002; 61 (5): 568–576. DOI: 10.1007/s00393-002-0410-x (in German).Zhu Y., Ye D., Huang Z. [The correlation of cytokines TNF alpha, IFN-gamma, Epo with anemia in rheumatoid arthritis]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2000; 21 (11): 587–590 (in Chinese).Zhu Y., Ye D., Huang Z. [The correlation of cytokines TNF alpha, IFN-gamma, Epo with anemia in rheumatoid arthritis]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2000; 21 (11): 587–590 (in Chinese).Hunt J.R., Roughead Z.K. Adaptation of iron absorption in men consuming diets with high or low iron bioavailability. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000; 71 (1): 94–102. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/71.1.94.Hunt J.R., Roughead Z.K. Adaptation of iron absorption in men consuming diets with high or low iron bioavailability. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000; 71 (1): 94–102. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/71.1.94.Eisenstein R.S., Bieming K.P. Iron regulatory proteins, iron responsive elements and iron homeostasis. J. Nutr. 1996; 128 (12): 2295–2298. DOI: 10.1093/jn/128.12.2295.Eisenstein R.S., Bieming K.P. Iron regulatory proteins, iron responsive elements and iron homeostasis. J. Nutr. 1996; 128 (12): 2295–2298. DOI: 10.1093/jn/128.12.2295.Park S., Jung C.W., Kim K. et al. Iron deficient erythropoiesis might play key role in development of anemia in cancer patients. Oncotarget. 2015; 6 (40): 42803–42812. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5658.Park S., Jung C. W., Kim K. et al. Iron deficient erythropoiesis might play key role in development of anemia in cancer patients. 2015; 6 (40): 42803–42812. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5658.Punnonen K., Irjala K., Rajamaki A. Serum transferrin receptor and its ratio to serum ferritin in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. Blood. 1997; 89 (3): 1052–1057.Punnonen K., Irjala K., Rajamaki A. Serum transferrin receptor and its ratio to serum ferritin in the diagnosis of iron deficiency. Blood. 1997; 89 (3): 1052–1057.Nemeth E., Ganz T. Anemia of inflammation. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North. Am. 2014; 28 (4): 671–681. DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2014.04.005.Nemeth E., Ganz T. Anemia of inflammation. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North. Am. 2014; 28 (4): 671–681. DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2014.04.005.Casaburi R., Bhasin S., Cosentino L. et al. Effects of testosterone and resistance training in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 170 (8): 870–878. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200305-617OC.Casaburi R., Bhasin S., Cosentino L. et al. Effects of testosterone and resistance training in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2004; 170 (8): 870–878. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200305-617OC.Tsantes A.E., Tassiopoulos S.T., Papadhimitriou S.I. et al. Theophylline treatment may adversely affect the anoxia-induced erythropoietic response without suppressing erythropoietin production. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2003; 59 (5–6): 379–383. DOI: 10.1007/s00228-003-0640-0.Tsantes A.E., Tassiopoulos S.T., Papadhimitriou S.I. et al. Theophylline treatment may adversely affect the anoxia- induced erythropoietic response without suppressing erythropoietin production. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2003; 59 (5–6): 379–383. DOI: 10.1007/s00228-003-0640-0.Marathias K.P., Agroyannis B., Mavromoustakos T. et al. Hematocrit-lowering effect following inactivation of renin- angiotensin system with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 2004; 4 (4): 483–486. DOI: 10.2174/1568026043451311.Marathias K.P., Agroyannis B., Mavromoustakos T. et al. Hematocrit-lowering effect following inactivation of renin-angiotensin system with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 2004; 4 (4): 483–486. DOI: 10.2174/1568026043451311.Cote C., Zilberberg M.D., Mody S.H. et al. Haemoglobin level and its clinical impact in a cohort of patients with CODP. Eur. Respir. J. 2007; 29 (5): 923–929. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00137106.Cote C., Zilberberg M.D., Mody S.H. et al. Haemoglobin level and its clinical impact in a cohort of patients with CODP. Eur. Respir. J. 2007; 29 (5): 923–929. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00137106.Agusti A.G., Noguera A, Sauleda J. et al. Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 21 (2): 347–360. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.03.00405703.Agusti A.G., Noguera A, Sauleda J. et al. Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur. Respir. J. 2003; 21 (2): 347–360. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.03.00405703.MacCallum P.K. Markers of hemostasis and systemic inflammation in heart disease and atherosclerosis in smoker. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2005. 2 (1): 34–43. DOI: 10.1513/pats.200406-036MS.MacCallum P.K. Markers of hemostasis and systemic inflammation in heart disease and atherosclerosis in smoker. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc. 2005. 2 (1): 34–43. DOI: 10.1513/pats.200406-036MS.Kautz L., Jung G., Valore E.V. et al. Identification of erythroferrone as an erythroid regulator of iron metabolism. Nat. Genet. 2014; 46 (7): 678–684. DOI: 10.1038/ng.2996.Kautz L., Jung G., Valore E.V. et al. Identification of erythroferrone as an erythroid regulator of iron metabolism. Nat. Genet. 2014; 46 (7): 678–684. DOI: 10.1038/ng.2996.Tarantino G., Brilli E., Giordano G., Torelli A. Innovative oral iron supplement (sucrosomial iron) is able to downregulate hepsidin release during inflammation: in vitro study. Blood. 2015; 126 (23): 4563.Tarantino G., Brilli E., Giordano G., Torelli A. Innovative oral iron supplement (sucrosomial iron) is able to downregulate hepsidin release during inflammation: in vitro study. Blood. 2015; 126 (23): 4563.Theurl I., Schroll A., Sonnweber T. et al. Pharmacologic inhibition of hepcidin expression reverses anemia of chronic inflammation in rats. Blood. 2011; 118 (18): 4977–4984. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-03-345066.Theurl I., Schroll A., Sonnweber T. et al. Pharmacologic inhibition of hepcidin expression reverses anemia of chronic inflammation in rats. Blood. 2011; 118 (18): 4977–4984. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-03-345066.Querbes W., Bogorad R.L., Moslehi J. et al. Treatment of erythropoietin deficiency in mice with systemically administered siRNA. Blood. 2012; 120 (9): 1916–1922. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-04-423715.Querbes W., Bogorad R.L., Moslehi J. et al. Treatment of erythropoietin deficiency in mice with systemically administered siRNA. Blood. 2012; 120 (9): 1916–1922. DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-04-423715.Schonhofer B., Wenze I.M., Geibe I.M., Kohler D. Blood transfusion and lung function in chronically anemic patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 26 (11): 1824–1828. DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199811000-00022.Schonhofer B., Wenze I.M., Geibe I.M., Kohler D. Blood transfusion and lung function in chronically anemic patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 26 (11): 1824–1828. DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199811000-00022.Будневский А.В., Цветикова Л.Н., Воронина Е.В. и др. Эритроферрон как эритроидный регулятор обмена железа. Гематология и трансфузиология. 2016; 61 (3): 161–163.Budnevskiy A.V., Tsvetikova L.N., Voronina E.V. et al. Erythroferrone as an erythroid regulator of iron exchange. Gematologiya i transfuziologiya. 2016; 61 (3): 161–163 (in Russian).Будневский А.В., Провоторов В.М., Ульянова М.И. Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких и анемия: клинические проявления и тактика лечения. Клиническая медицина. 2016; 94 (9): 677–683.Budnevskiy A.V., Provotorov V.M., Ul’yanova M.I. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and anemia: clinical signs and therapeutic strategy. Klinicheskaya meditsina. 2016; 94 (9): 677–683 (in Russian).Федорова Т.А., Эккерт Н.В., Чернеховская Н.Е. и др. Возможности противовоспалительной терапии больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких. Клиническая медицина. 2005. 83 (7): 24–29.Fedorova T.A., Ekkert N.V., Chernekhovskaya N.E. et al. Effects of antiinflammatory therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Klinicheskaya meditsina. 2005; 85 (7): 24–29 (in Russian).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.