<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">pulmo</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PULMONOLOGIYA</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0869-0189</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9617</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Scientific and Practical Journal “PULMONOLOGIYA” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18093/0869-0189-2018-28-6-681-692</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">pulmo-1084</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование рутинных тестов общего анализа крови для прогнозирования устойчивости к глюкокортикостероидной терапии у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Use of the routine complete blood count to predict steroid resistance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кадушкин</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kadushkin</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кадушкин Алексей Геннадьевич – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры биологической химии.</p><p>220116, Минск, пр. Дзержинского, 83, тел.: (37517) 207-93-92</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksey G. Kadushkin - Candidate of Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of Biological Chemistry.</p><p>Pr. Dzerzhinskogo 83, Minsk, 220116, tel.: (37517) 207-93-92</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kadushkyn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таганович</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taganovich</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Таганович Анатолий Дмитриевич – доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой биологической химии.</p><p>220116, Минск, пр. Дзержинского, 83, тел.: (37517) 277-17-64</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatoliy D. Taganovich - Doctor of Medicine, Head of Department of Biological Chemistry.</p><p>Pr. Dzerzhinskogo 83, Minsk, 220116, tel.: (37517) 277-17-64</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">taganovich@bsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мовчан</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Movchan</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мовчан Людмила Викторовна – кандидат биологических наук, врач лабораторной диагностики клинико-диагностической лаборатории.</p><p>223053, Минская обл., Минский р-н, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43, тел.: (37517) 265-40-89</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila V. Movchan - Candidate of Biology, Laboratory Physician, Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory.</p><p>Ul. Frunzenskaya 43, Borovlyany village, Minsk region, 223053,tel.: (37517) 265-40-89</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">movchan-l@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шман</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shman</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шман Татьяна Викторовна – кандидат биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией иммунологических методов исследования.</p><p>223053, Минская обл., Минский р-н, д. Боровляны, ул. Фрунзенская, 43, тел.: (37517) 265-40-89</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat’yana V. Shman - Candidate of Biology, Head of Laboratory of Immunological Investigations.</p><p>Ul. Frunzenskaya 43, Borovlyany village, Minsk region, 223053, tel.: (37517) 265-40-89</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shman@oncology.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панасюк</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panasyuk</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панасюк Василий Константинович – заведующий эндоскопическим отделением.</p><p>220053, Минск, Долгиновский тракт, 157, тел.: (37517) 289-83-53</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasiliy K. Panasyuk - Head of Endoscopy Department.</p><p>Dolginovskiy tract 157, Minsk, 220053, tel.: (37517) 289-83-53</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">niipulm@tut.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новская</surname><given-names>Г. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novskaya</surname><given-names>G. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новская Галина Константиновна – заведующий пульмонологическим отделением.</p><p>220053, Минск, Долгиновский тракт, 157, тел. (37517) 289-03-54</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina K. Novskaya - Head of Pulmonology Department</p><p>Dolginovskiy tract 157, Minsk, 220053,tel.: (37517) 289-03-54</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nowskayagk@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Учреждение образования Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarus’ State Medical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное учреждение Республиканский научно-практический центр детской онкологии, гематологии и иммунологии</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarus’ Republic Research and Practical Center of Pediatrtic Oncology, Hematology and Immunology</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное учреждение Республиканский научно-практический центр пульмонологии и фтизиатрии</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarus’ Republic Research and Practical Center of Pulmonology and Phthisiology</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>681</fpage><lpage>692</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кадушкин А.Г., Таганович А.Д., Мовчан Л.В., Шман Т.В., Панасюк В.К., Новская Г.К., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кадушкин А.Г., Таганович А.Д., Мовчан Л.В., Шман Т.В., Панасюк В.К., Новская Г.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kadushkin A.G., Taganovich A.D., Movchan L.V., Shman T.V., Panasyuk V.K., Novskaya G.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1084">https://journal.pulmonology.ru/pulm/article/view/1084</self-uri><abstract><p>Резистентность к глюкокортикостероидам (ГКС) представляет существенную проблему для лечения хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ).</p><p>Целью настоящей работы явилось определение значения показателей общего анализа крови, субпопуляций лимфоцитов, цитокинов в периферической крови у пациентов с ХОБЛ для оценки устойчивости к терапии ГКС.</p><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие пациенты (n = 45), которым на следующий день после госпитализации в связи с обострением ХОБЛ выполнялась бронхоскопия. Все пациенты с ХОБЛ на основании способности дексаметазона подавлять стимулированную секрецию интерлейкина-8 в альвеолярных макрофагах на 50 % были условно разделены на ГКС-чувствительных и ГКС-резистентных. В периферической крови у всех обследованных определялись параметры общего анализа крови, процентное содержание субпопуляций лимфоцитов, концентрация цитокинов, иммуноглобулина Е, гормонов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показано, что для резистентных к терапии ГКС пациентов с ХОБЛ по сравнению со ГКС-чувствительными характерно повышение уровня фактора, ингибирующего миграцию макрофагов (MIF), отношения абсолютных количеств нейтрофилов к лимфоцитам (ОНЛ) и тромбоцитов к лимфоцитам (ОТЛ), снижение абсолютного и относительного количества эозинофилов. Абсолютное количество эозинофилов ниже порогового значения 0,126 × 109 / л позволяет прогнозировать резистентность к ГКС с чувствительностью 83,3 % и специфичностью 55,6 %, площадь под ROC-кривой (AUC) для этого теста составляет 0,677. Относительное количество эозинофилов ниже порогового значения на 1,2 % является предиктором устойчивости к ГКС с чувствительностью 83,3 %, специфичностью 63,0 %, АUC = 0,751. ОНЛ, ОТЛ, уровень MIF выше пороговых значений 2,75, 116, 2,24 нг / мл соответственно являются диагностически значимыми при прогнозировании резистентности к ГКС у пациентов с ХОБЛ с чувствительностью 66,7; 61,1; 72,2 %, специфичностью 74,1; 77,8; 70,4 % и AUC = 0,731; 0,678 и 0,740 соответственно. При одновременном определении в периферической крови относительного количества эозинофилов, ОНЛ и ОТЛ повышается прогнозирование устойчивости к ГКС до чувствительности 83,3 %, специфичности 77,8 %, AUC = 0,805. Сочетание относительного количества эозинофилов, ОТЛ и уровня MIF позволяет предсказывать резистентность к ГКС с чувствительностью 83,3 %, специфичностью 88,9 % и AUC = 0,889.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У ГКС-резистентных и ГКС-чувствительных пациентов c ХОБЛ имеются существенные различия абсолютного и относительного количества эозинофилов, ОНЛ, ОТЛ, уровня MIF. Эти показатели могут использоваться для прогнозирования устойчивости к терапии ГКС.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the present study was to investigate the significance of complete blood count, lymphocyte subpopulations, and cytokines in the peripheral blood in order to evaluate steroid resistance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).</p><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. Forty five patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) who underwent bronchoscopy the next day after hospital admission were included in the study. The patients were considered as steroid-sensitive or steroid-resistant according to the ability of dexamethasone to inhibit 50% of interleukin-8 production by alveolar macrophages. Complete blood count, lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokines, immunoglobulin E, and hormone level were measured in the peripheral blood of all patients with COPD.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) level, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were higher, and absolute and relative eosinophil numbers were lower in steroid-resistant patients with COPD compared to steroid-sensitive COPD patients. Absolute eosinophil number below the cut-off value of 0.126 × 109/L was predictive for steroid resistance with the sensitivity of 83.3%, the specificity of 55.6% and the area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.677. Relative eosinophil number below 1.2% predicted steroid resistance with sensitivity, specificity and AUC of 83.3%, 63.0%, and 0.751, respectively. NLR, PLR, and MIF higher than 2.75, 116, and 2.24 ng/mL, respectively, predicted steroid resistance with the sensitivities of 66.7%, 61.1%, and 72.2%, respectively; the specificities of 74.1%, 77.8%, and 70.4%, respectively; and the AUCs of 0.731, 0.678, and 0.740, respectively. The combination of relative eosinophil number, NLR and PLR increased the sensitivity to 83.3%, specificity to 77.8%, and AUC to 0.805. The combination of relative eosinophil number, PLR and MIF increased the sensitivity to 83.3%, specificity to 88.9%, and AUC to 0.889.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Steroid-resistant and steroid-sensitive COPD patients differ in absolute and relative eosinophil numbers, LNR, PLR, and MIF level. These parameters could be used to predict steroid resistance in COPD.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких</kwd><kwd>альвеолярные макрофаги</kwd><kwd>глюкокортикостероиды</kwd><kwd>резистентность к глюкокортикостероидам</kwd><kwd>бронхоальвеолярная лаважная жидкость</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>ответ</kwd><kwd>фактор</kwd><kwd>ингибирующий миграцию макрофагов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>СOPD</kwd><kwd>alveolar macrophages</kwd><kwd>glucocorticoids</kwd><kwd>steroid resistance</kwd><kwd>bronchoalveolar lavage fluid</kwd><kwd>prediction</kwd><kwd>response</kwd><kwd>macrophage migration inhibitory factor</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vestbo J., Edwards L.D., Scanlon P.D. et al. Changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 second over time in COPD. N. Engl. J. Med. 2011; 365 (13): 1184–1192. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1105482.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vestbo J., Edwards L.D., Scanlon P.D. et al. Changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 second over time in COPD. N. Engl. J. Med. 2011; 365 (13): 1184–1192. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1105482.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calverley P., Pauwels R., Vestbo J. et al. Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003; 361 (9356): 449–456. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12459-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calverley P., Pauwels R., Vestbo J. et al. Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003; 361 (9356): 449–456. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12459-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nannini L.J., Poole P., Milan S.J., Kesterton A. Combined corticosteroid and long-acting beta(2)-agonist in one inhaler versus inhaled corticosteroids alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2013; (8): CD006826. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006826.pub2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nannini L.J., Poole P., Milan S.J., Kesterton A. Combined corticosteroid and long-acting beta(2)-agonist in one inhaler versus inhaled corticosteroids alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2013; (8): CD006826. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006826.pub2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kew K.M., Seniukovich A. Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev 2014; (3): CD010115. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010115.pub2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kew K.M., Seniukovich A. Inhaled steroids and risk of pneumonia for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev 2014; (3): CD010115. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010115.pub2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saha S., Brightling C.E. Eosinophilic airway inflammation in COPD. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2006; 1 (1): 39–47. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2706606/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saha S., Brightling C.E. Eosinophilic airway inflammation in COPD. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2006; 1 (1): 39–47. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2706606/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tashkin D.P., Wechsler M.E. Role of eosinophils in airway inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2018; 13: 335–349. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S152291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tashkin D.P., Wechsler M.E. Role of eosinophils in airway inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2018; 13: 335–349. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S152291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnes N.C., Sharma R., Lettis S., Calverley P.M. Blood eosinophils as a marker of response to inhaled corticosteroids in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2016; 47 (5): 1374–1382. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01370-2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnes N.C., Sharma R., Lettis S., Calverley P.M. Blood eosinophils as a marker of response to inhaled corticosteroids in COPD. Eur. Respir. J. 2016; 47 (5): 1374–1382. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01370-2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siddiqui S.H., Guasconi A., Vestbo J. et al. Blood eosinophils: a biomarker of response to extrafine beclomethasone/formoterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 2015; 192 (4): 523–525. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201502-0235LE.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siddiqui S.H., Guasconi A., Vestbo J. et al. Blood eosinophils: a biomarker of response to extrafine beclomethasone/formoterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 2015; 192 (4): 523–525. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201502-0235LE.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Selders G.S., Fetz A.E., Radic M.Z., Bowlin G.L. An overview of the role of neutrophils in innate immunity, inflammation and host-biomaterial integration. Regen. Biomater. 2017; 4 (1): 55–68. DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbw041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Selders G.S., Fetz A.E., Radic M.Z., Bowlin G.L. An overview of the role of neutrophils in innate immunity, inflammation and host-biomaterial integration. Regen. Biomater. 2017; 4 (1): 55–68. DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbw041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calandra T., Roger T. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a regulator of innate immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2003; 3 (10): 791–800. DOI: 10.1038/nri1200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calandra T., Roger T. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a regulator of innate immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2003; 3 (10): 791–800. DOI: 10.1038/nri1200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кадушкин А.Г., Таганович А.Д. Молекулярные механизмы формирования стероидорезистентности у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких. Пульмонология. 2016; 26 (6): 736–747. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2016-26-6-736–747.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadushkin A.G., Taganovich A.D. Molecular mechanisms of corticosteroid resistance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pul'monologiya. 2016; 26 (6): 736–747. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2016-26-6-736-747 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arman M., Payne H., Ponomaryov T., Brill A. Role of platelets in inflammation. In: Kerrigan S.W., Moran N., eds. The Non-Thrombotic Role of Platelets in Health and Disease. Intech Publishers; 2015: 37–53. DOI: 10.5772/60536.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arman M., Payne H., Ponomaryov T., Brill A. Role of platelets in inflammation. In: Kerrigan S.W., Moran N., eds. The Non-Thrombotic Role of Platelets in Health and Disease. Intech Publishers; 2015: 37–53. DOI: 10.5772/60536.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paliogiannis P., Fois A.G., Sotgia S. et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and clinical outcomes in COPD: recent evidence and future perspectives. Eur. Respir. Rev. 2018; 27 (147): pii: 170113. DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0113-2017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paliogiannis P., Fois A.G., Sotgia S. et al. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and clinical outcomes in COPD: recent evidence and future perspectives. Eur. Respir. Rev. 2018; 27 (147): pii: 170113. DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0113-2017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar P., Law S., Sriram K.B. Evaluation of platelet lymphocyte ratio and 90-day mortality in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Thorac. Dis. 2017; 9 (6): 1509–1516. DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.05.77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar P., Law S., Sriram K.B. Evaluation of platelet lymphocyte ratio and 90-day mortality in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Thorac. Dis. 2017; 9 (6): 1509–1516. DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.05.77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jones P.W., Harding G., Berry P. et al. Development and first validation of the COPD Assessment Test. Eur. Respir. J. 2009; 34 (3): 648–654. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00102509.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jones P.W., Harding G., Berry P. et al. Development and first validation of the COPD Assessment Test. Eur. Respir. J. 2009; 34 (3): 648–654. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00102509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кадушкин А.Г., Таганович А.Д., А.А. Арабей и др. Чувствительность к глюкокортикоидам и гетерогенность ответа клеток in vitro у пациентов с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких. Пульмонология. 2018; 28 (5): 558–566. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2018-28-5-558-566.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kadushkin A.G., Taganovich A.D., Arabey A.A. et al. Sensitivity to glucocorticoids and heterogeneity of in vitro cell response in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pul'monologiya. 2018; 28 (5): 558–566. DOI: 10.18093/0869-0189-2018-28-5-558-566 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lang T. Documenting research in scientific articles: Guidelines for authors: 3. Reporting multivariate analyses. Chest. 2007; 131 (2): 628–632. DOI: 10.1378/chest.06-2088.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lang T. Documenting research in scientific articles: Guidelines for authors: 3. Reporting multivariate analyses. Chest. 2007; 131 (2): 628–632. DOI: 10.1378/chest.06-2088.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Youngstrom E.A. A primer on receiver operating characteristic analysis and diagnostic efficiency statistics for pediatric psychology: we are ready to ROC. J. Pediatr. Psychol. 2014; 39 (2): 204–221. DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jst062.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Youngstrom E.A. A primer on receiver operating characteristic analysis and diagnostic efficiency statistics for pediatric psychology: we are ready to ROC. J. Pediatr. Psychol. 2014; 39 (2): 204–221. DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jst062.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Higham A., Booth G., Lea S. et al. The effects of corticosteroids on COPD lung macrophages: a pooled analysis. Respir. Res. 2015; 16 (1): 98. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0260-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Higham A., Booth G., Lea S. et al. The effects of corticosteroids on COPD lung macrophages: a pooled analysis. Respir. Res. 2015; 16 (1): 98. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0260-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hinds D.R., DiSantostefano R.L., Le H.V., Pascoe S. Identification of responders to inhaled corticosteroids in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease population using cluster analysis. BMJ Open. 2016; 6 (6): e010099. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010099.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hinds D.R., DiSantostefano R.L., Le H.V., Pascoe S. Identification of responders to inhaled corticosteroids in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease population using cluster analysis. BMJ Open. 2016; 6 (6): e010099. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010099.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Calverley P.M.А., Tetzlaff K., Vogelmeier C. et al. Eosinophilia, frequent exacerbations, and steroid response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2017; 196 (9): 1219–1221. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201612-2525LE.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Calverley P.M.А., Tetzlaff K., Vogelmeier C. et al. Eosinophilia, frequent exacerbations, and steroid response in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2017; 196 (9): 1219–1221. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201612-2525LE.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sørensen A.K., Holmgaard D.B., Mygind L.H. et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, calprotectin and YKL-40 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: correlations and 5-year mortality – a cohort study. J. Inflamm. (Lond). 2015; 12: 20. DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0064-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sørensen A.K., Holmgaard D.B., Mygind L.H. et al. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, calprotectin and YKL-40 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: correlations and 5-year mortality – a cohort study. J. Inflamm. (Lond). 2015; 12: 20. DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0064-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee H., Um S.J., Kim Y.S. et al. Association of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with lung function and exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One. 2016; 11 (6): e0156511. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156511.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee H., Um S.J., Kim Y.S. et al. Association of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with lung function and exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS One. 2016; 11 (6): e0156511. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156511.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karadeniz G., Aktoğu S., Erer O.F. et al. Predictive value of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biomark. Med. 2016; 10 (7): 701–710. DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0046.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karadeniz G., Aktoğu S., Erer O.F. et al. Predictive value of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Biomark. Med. 2016; 10 (7): 701–710. DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0046.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurtipek E., Bekci T.T., Kesli R. et al. The role of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 2015; 65 (12): 1283–1287.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurtipek E., Bekci T.T., Kesli R. et al. The role of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 2015; 65 (12): 1283–1287.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richard V., Kindt N., Saussez S. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor involvement in breast cancer (Review). Int. J. Oncol. 2015; 47 (5): 1627–1633. DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richard V., Kindt N., Saussez S. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor involvement in breast cancer (Review). Int. J. Oncol. 2015; 47 (5): 1627–1633. DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daun J.M., Cannon J.G. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor antagonizes hydrocortisone-induced increases in cytosolic IκBα. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2000; 279 (3): R1043–R1049. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.3.R1043.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daun J.M., Cannon J.G. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor antagonizes hydrocortisone-induced increases in cytosolic IκBα. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 2000; 279 (3): R1043–R1049. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.3.R1043.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roger T., Chanson A.L., Knaup-Reymond M., Calandra T. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes innate immune responses by suppressing glucocorticoid-induced expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1. Eur. J. Immunol. 2005; 35 (12): 3405–3413. DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535413.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roger T., Chanson A.L., Knaup-Reymond M., Calandra T. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes innate immune responses by suppressing glucocorticoid-induced expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1. Eur. J. Immunol. 2005; 35 (12): 3405–3413. DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535413.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang F.F., Zhu L.A., Zou Y.Q. et al. New insights into the role and mechanism of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in steroid-resistant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res. Ther. 2012; 14 (3): R103. DOI: 10.1186/ar3828.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang F.F., Zhu L.A., Zou Y.Q. et al. New insights into the role and mechanism of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in steroid-resistant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res. Ther. 2012; 14 (3): R103. DOI: 10.1186/ar3828.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yao C., Liu X., Tang Z. Prognostic role of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio for hospital mortality in patients with AECOPD. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2017; 12: 2285–2290. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S141760.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yao C., Liu X., Tang Z. Prognostic role of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio for hospital mortality in patients with AECOPD. Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis. 2017; 12: 2285–2290. DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S141760.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stolz D., Meyer A., Rakic J. et al. Mortality risk prediction in COPD by a prognostic biomarker panel. Eur. Respir. J. 2014; 44 (6): 1557–1570. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00043814.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stolz D., Meyer A., Rakic J. et al. Mortality risk prediction in COPD by a prognostic biomarker panel. Eur. Respir. J. 2014; 44 (6): 1557–1570. DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00043814.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
